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Proximal (origin) attachment for Trapezius
Innervation of Trapezius
Contraction of ascending part of trapezius (action)
Contraction of entire Trapezius (action)
• Superior nuchal line• External occipital
protuberance• Ligamentum nuchae• Spinous process of C7-T12
vertebrae
• Motor – spinal accessory (CNXI)
• C3 and C4 – pain and proprioceptive fibers
• Depresses scapula
• Retracts scapula
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• Lateral 3rd of clavicle• Acromion• Spine of scapula
• Elevates scapula
• Retracts scapula
• Rotates glenoid cavity superiorly
Distal (insertion) attachment for Trapezius
Contraction of descending part of trapezius (action)
Contraction of middle part of trapezius (action)
Contraction of descending and ascending part of Trapezius
(action)
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Proximal attachment (origin) for Latissimus dorsi
Innervation of Latissimus dorsi
Action of Latissimus Dorsi
• Spinous process of T6-T12• Thoracolumbar fascia• Iliac crest• Inferior 3 or 4 ribs
• Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus.
• Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)
• Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus
• Raises body towards arms when climbing
Distal attachment (insertion) for Latissimus dorsi
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Proximal attachment (origin) for Rhomboid minor
Innervation of Rhomboid major and
rhomboid minor
Action of rhomboid major and minor
• Ligamentum nuchae• Spinous processes of C7
and T1
• Dorsal scapular n. (C4-C5)
• Retraction and downward rotation of scapula
• Secure scapula to thoracic wall (in conjunction with serratus anterior)
Distal attachment (insertion) for Rhomboid minor • Vertebral border of
scapula from root of spine
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Proximal attachment (origin) for Rhomboid major
• Spinous processes of T2-T5
Distal attachment (insertion) for Rhomboid major • Vertebral border of
scapula from root of spine
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Proximal attachment (origin) for Levator scapulae
Innervation of levator scapulae
Action of levator scapulae
• Transverse processes of upper C1-C4
• Dorsal scapular n. (C4-C5)
• Assist rhomboids• Elevation of scapula
Distal attachment (insertion) for Levator scapulae • Vertebral border of
scapula from superior angle to root of spine
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Proximal attachment (origin) for Serratus posterior superior
Innervation of serratus posterior superior and
inferior
• Spinous processes (of C7-T3)
• Inter costal nerves
• Assists in inspiration
Distal attachment (insertion) for Serratus posterior superior • To ribs (superior border of
ribs 2-4)
Action of serratus posterior superior
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Proximal attachment (origin) for Serratus posterior inferior
Innervation of serratus posterior superior and
inferior
• Spinous processes of lower vertebrae (T11-L2)
• Inter costal nerves
• Assists in expiration
Distal attachment (insertion) for Serratus posterior inferior • Loswer ribs (Inferior
border of ribs 8-11)
Action of serratus posterior inferior
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Proximal attachment (origin) for Splenius Capitis and Cervicis
Innervation of Splenius Capitis and Cervicis
Action of Splenius Capitis
• Nuchal ligament• Spinous processes of C7-
T3 vertebrae
• Mastoid process• Lateral third of superior
nuchal line of occipital bone.
• Posterior rami of spinal nerves
• extension of head (both sides); ipsilateral rotation of head and neck
Distal attachment (insertion) for Splenius Capitis and Cervicis
Capitis:
• Tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C3 or C4 vertebrae
Cervicis:
Capitis:
Cervicis:• Nuchal ligament• Spinous processes of T3-
T6 vertebrae
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What are the erector spinae muscles (lateral to medial)
Distal attachment (insertion) for erector
spinae
• Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
• Iliocostalis – ribs• Longissimus – transverse
process and eventually mastoid process
• Spinalis – spanning spinous processes of vertebrae on each side
• Both sides - Extension of vertebral column
• One side – ipsilateral rotation
Proximal attachment (origin) for erector spinae • Arise from common
inferior tendon that extends from the iliac crest to median sacral crest
Contraction of erector spinae (both sides or
one side)
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Innervation of erector spinae
What are the proximal and distal attachments of transversospinalis
• Posterior primary rami of spinal nerves
What are the transversospinalis muscles • Semispinalis capitis,
cervcis and thoracis• Multifidis• Rotatores
Contraction of transversospinalis
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• Proximal – lower transverse process
• Distal – higher transverse process.
• Semispinalis – important in holding up head
• Multifidis – stabilize vertebrae
• Rotatores - stabilize vertebrae
Proximal attachment (origin) for rectus capitis posterior minor
Innervation of rectus capitis posterior minor
• Below medial end of inferior nuchal line.
• Suboccipital n.
• Stabilizes atlanto-occipital joint
Distal attachment (insertion) for rectus capitis posterior minor • Posterior tubercle of atlas
Action of rectus capitis posterior minor
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Proximal attachment (origin) for rectus capitis posterior major
Innervation of rectus capitis posterior major
• Below inferior nuchal line, lateral to rectus capitis posterior minor
• Suboccipital n.
• Extend head• Rotate atlas and head to
same side
Distal attachment (insertion) for rectus capitis posterior major • Spine of axis
Action of rectus capitis posterior major
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Proximal attachment (origin) for obliquus capitis superior
Innervation of obliquus capitis superior
• Transverse process of atlas
• Suboccipital n.
• Extends head
Distal attachment (insertion) for obliquus capitis superior • Inferior nuchal line
(lateral to rectus capitis major)
Action of obliquus capitis superior
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Proximal attachment (origin) for obliquus capitis inferior
Innervation of obliquus capitis inferior
• Spinous process of axis
• Suboccipital n.
• Rotates atlas and head to same side
Distal attachment (insertion) for obliquus capitis inferior • Transverse process of
atlas
Action of obliquus capitis inferior
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Proximal attachment (origin) for Deltoid
Innervation of Deltoid
• Clavicle,• Scapular spine• Acromion
• Axillary n.
• Abduction of arm (middle part; w/ supraspinatus)
• Flexion and medial rotation of humerus (anterior part)
• Extension and lateral rotation of humerus (posterior part)
Distal attachment (insertion) for Deltoid • Deltoid tuberosity
Action of Deltoid
Proximal attachment (origin) for Supraspinatus
Innervation of Supraspinatus
• Supraspinous fossa
• Suprascapular n.
• Abducts humerus
Distal attachment (insertion) for Supraspinatus • Greater tubercle of
humerus
Action of Supraspinatus
Proximal attachment (origin) for Infraspinatus
Innervation of Infraspinatus
• Infraspinous fossa
• Suprascapular n.
• Laterally rotates humerus
Distal attachment (insertion) for Infraspinatus • Greater tubercle of
humerus
Action of Infraspinatus
Proximal attachment (origin) for Teres minor
Innervation of Teres minor
• Axillary border of scapula
• Axillary n.
• Laterally rotates humerus
Distal attachment (insertion) for Teres minor • Greater tubercle of
humerus
Action of Teres minor
Proximal attachment (origin) for Subscapularis
Innervation of Subscapularis
• Subscapular fossa
• Upper subscapular n.• Lower subscapular n.
• Adducts and medially rotates humerus
Distal attachment (insertion) for Subscapularis • Lesser tubercle of
humerus
Action of Subscapularis
Proximal attachment (origin) for Teres major
Innervation of Teres major
• Axillary border of scapula
• Lower subscapular n.
• Secures humerus at shoulder
• Adducts and medially rotates humerus
Distal attachment (insertion) for Teres major • Medial edge of
intertubercular sulcus
Action of Teres major
Location of Platysma
Innervation of Platsyma
• Superficial fascia of anterior and posterior cervical triangle
• Facial n.
Proximal attachment (origin) for Sternocleidomastoid
Innervation of Sternocleidomastoid
• Sternum• Medial end of clavicle
• Spinal accessory n.
• Flexion of head• Ipsilateral flexion,• Contralateral rotation
Distal attachment (insertion) for Sternocleidomastoid
• Mastoid process of temporal bone
Action of Sternocleidomastoid
Proximal attachment (origin) for Omohyoid
Innervation of Omohyoid
• Superior border of scapula• Intermediate tendon• Clavicle
• Ansa cervicalis
• Depression of hyoid bone• Aid in swallowing
Distal attachment (insertion) for Omohyoid
• Hyoid
Action of Omohyoid
Proximal attachment (origin) for Scalenus anterior, medius, and
posterior
Innervation of Scalenus anterior, medius, and
posterior
• Transverse process of cervical vertebrae
• Anterior primary rami of cervical nn.
• Accessory respitory• Flexor of neck• Contralateral rotator of neck
Distal attachment (insertion) for Scalenus anterior, medius, and
posterior
• First and second rib
Action of Scalenus anterior, medius, and
posterior
Innervations of thoracodorsal nerve
• Latissimus dorsi
• Rhomboid major • Rhomboid minor• Levator scapulae
Innervations of dorsal scapular nerve
Innervations of spinal accessory nerve
• Trapezius• Sternocleidomastoid
Innervation of suboccipital nerve
• Rectus capitis posterior major
• Rectus capitis posterior minor
• Obliquus capitis superior• Obliquus capitis inferior26
Innervations of greater occipital nerve
• Posterior surface of scalp (cutaneous)
Innervations of axillary nerve
• Deltoid• Teres minor• Triceps brachi, long
head
Innervations of suprascapular nerve
• Supraspinatus • Infraspinatus
Innervations of upper subscapular nerve
• Subscapularis
Innervations of lower subscapular nerve
• Subscapularis• Teres major
Innervations of greater auricular nerve
Innervations of transverse cervical nerve
Innervations of supraclavicular nerve
• Skin around ear (cutaneous)
• Skin of anterior neck (cutaneous)
• Skin inferior to clavicle (cutaneous)
• Scalp behind ear (cutaneous)
Innervations of lesser occipital nerve
Innervations of ansa cervicalis • Omohyoid• Sternohyoid• Sternothyroid
• DiaphragmInnervations of phrenic nerve
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Spinal roots of thoracodorsal nerve
• C6, C7, C8
• C4-C5Spinal roots of dorsal scapular
nerve
Spinal roots of suboccipital n.
Spinal roots of greater occipital n.
• C1 (motor only)
• C2
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Spinal roots of axillary nerve • C5, C6
Spinal roots of suprascapular nerve
• C4, C5, C6
Spinal roots of upper subscapular nerve
• C5, C6, C7
Spinal roots of lower subscapular nerve
• C5, C6, C7