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QED Cooling of Electronics
Thomas PrevenslikQED Radiations
Discovery Bay, Hong Kong
IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA
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Today, automobile engines are cooled by radiators based on pool-boiling that began with the Industrial Revolution.
Recently, heat transfer experiments show water against porous 50 – 150 nm ZnO2 coatings are 10X more efficient because
porosity increases surface area.
However, the notion porosity increases heat transfer surface area is one of classical physics that assumes temperature
changes always occur irrespective of coating thickness, but
QM requires the heat capacity of the atom to vanish in nanoscale coatings thereby precluding increases in temperature
QM = quantum mechanics
[1] L. O. Chua, “Memristor - the missing circuit element,” IEEE Trans. Circuit Theory, vol. 18, pp. 507–519, 1971.
Introduction
2IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA
QM Restrictions
IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA
Without heat capacity, conservation proceeds by the creation of QED induced non-thermal EM radiation.
QED = quantum electrodynamicsEM = electromagnetic.
Pool boiling not required as QED radiation is emitted from the ZnO2 coating and directly absorbed in the water.
Water not necessary as QED radiation may also be absorbed in ambient air to enhance cooling of both nano
and conventional electronics, e.g.,
Printed electronics
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QED Radiation
IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA
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QED radiation
Nano Coating avoids natural convection and conserves Joule heat by QED radiation instead of
temperature increase
Joule heat PrintedElectronics
Coating
Natural convection
IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA
Theory
Heat Capacity of the Atom
TIR Confinement
QED Induced Heat Transfer
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Heat Capacity of the Atom
1 10 100 10000.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
TIR Confinement Wavelength - l - microns
Pla
nck
Ene
rgy
- E
- e
V
1
kT
hcexp
hc
E
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NEMS
IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA
In MEMS, atoms have heat capacity, but not in NEMS
MEMS kT 0.0258 eV
Classical Physics
QM
Since the RI of coating > electronics, the QED radiation is confined by TIR
Circuit elements ( films, wires, etc) have high surface to volume ratio, but why important?
The EM energy absorbed in the surface of circuit elements provides the TIR confinement of QED radiation.
QED radiation is spontaneously created from Joule heat dissipated in nanoelectronics.
f = (c/n) / and E = hf
TIR Confinement
7IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA
For thin film printed circuits having thickness d, = 2d
For NEMS, QED radiation gives no hot spots, but 1/f Noise
QED Emission
IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA
1 10 100 10000.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
Coating Thickness - d - nm
QE
D R
adia
tion
Wav
elen
gth
- -
mic
rons
Zinc Oxide
Silicon
IR
VIS
UV
EUV
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QED radiation emission in VIS and UV radiation
Applications
IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA
Thin FilmsQED v. Natural Convection
Optimum Circuit Design
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Thin Films
IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA
The reduced thermal conductivity of thin films has been known for over 50 years.
Today, the BTE derives the steady state thickness dependent conductivity of thin films.
BTE = Boltzmann transport equation.
But the BTE solutions show reduced conductivity only because QED radiation loss is not included in heat balance.
If the QED loss is included, no reduction in conductivity The conductivity remains at bulk.
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QED v. Natural Convection
IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA
Classical convective heat transfer dissipates heat Q by,
hc is the heat transfer coefficient, and A the surface area.
By QM , the temperatures of the coating and surroundings are the same, T = To
QED heat transfer is significant, hQED >> hc
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Optimum Electronics Design
IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 10000.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Characteristic Size - d = / 2 - microns
TIR
Pla
nck
Ene
rgy
E =
hc
/ 2nd
- e
V
n = 3
n = 1.5Zinc Oxide
Optimum Design 0.05 < d < 20 microns
Fourier equation and BTE invalid Use QED heat transfer 12
Optimum
No 1/f NoiseNo Hot Spots
1/f Noise
No Hot Spots
NEMS Silicon
E > 3 eVCharged atoms
By QM, significant enhancement in pool-boiling heat transfer found by coating with 50-150 nm zinc oxide is not caused by
the porosity of the coating, but rather by QED radiation
Optimum NEMS/MEMS electronics circuit element occurs with 0.05 to 20 micron thick printed circuits.
• No hot spots or 1/f noise
• Design printed circuits using QED
QED supersedes natural convection, but requires nanoscale coatings on heat transfer surfaces
Conclusions
13IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA
Questions & Papers
Email: nanoqed@gmail.com
http://www.nanoqed.org
14IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA