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Rationale

Success of any tree planting activity

depends mainly on:

• Availability of seeds

• Availability of other planting materials

• When (harvest time)

where (seed sources, seed trees location)

how much ( quantity)

• Assures the quantity, quality and species

for seedling production

Forest Tree Seed Calendar• Phenological information

• Fruit/seed characteristics

• Flowering and fruiting

• Seed collection/ location

• Seed processing

• Storage

• Seed count

• Germination

• Seed type

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SEED

vFertilized ovule

va dispersal unit capable to survive and

establish a new plant/regenerate in a

new

generation

MAP ABCD FOUNDATIONØ2M Puno sa KK ( Kalikasan,

Kaunlaran) Project 2008 (nationwide)ØPlantingØNurturing about 2M trees

ØTAG LINE “ PLANT AND NURTURE A TREE TODAY, GROW A SUSTAINABLE NATION TOMORROW”

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Types of Stands• Natural Stands

• Not established by humans• Usually indigenous species• Natural regeneration

• Plantations• Planted• Production forests• Seed production areas• Seed sources

Seed Source• A number of single trees• A natural stand• Plantation• Seed Production area• Seed Orchard

Indigenous – native to a specific area/region

Exotic – introduced from another country

or geographic region outside from its

natural range

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• Phenology – study of the growth and

development on the flowering / fruiting

of plants in relation to climatic / site

factors.

Seed Types• Orthodox qCan be dried at low moisture contentqCan be stored at low temperature for a long period

of time• Recalcitrant qHigh moisture contentq Cannot be dried in low moisture contentq Cannot be stored for a long time

• Intermediateq Can survive with fairly low moisture contentq Storage is 3 -8 months only

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Banaba(Lagerstroemia speciosa)

Seed count: 14,695/100g

Seed type: intermediate

Pre treatment: none

Gmelina/Yemane (Gmelina arborea)

Seed count: 1,995/kg

Seed type: Orthodox

Seed Collection: Nationwide

May-July

Pre treatment: none

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Laneteng gubat (Kibatalia gitingensis)

Seed count: 33,000/kg

Seed type: Intermediate

Pre treatment: none

Mahogany(Sweitenia macrophyllya)

Seed count: Medium-Sized – 2,264/kg

Small-sized – 2,933/kg

Seed type: Orthodox

Seed Collection: Nationwide

Aug- Feb

Pre treatment: none

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Kupang (Parkia roxburghii)

Seed count: 1,258/kg

Seed type: Orthodox

Pre treatment: Nicking

Ipil( Intsia bijuga)

Seed count: 1,995/kg

Seed type: Orthodox

Pre treatment: Nicking

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Kalantas(Toona kalantas )

Seed count: Not applicable

Seed type: Intermediate

Pre treatment: none

Lingo lingo (Vitex turczaninowii)

Seed count: 23,500/kg

Seed type: Orthodox

Pre treatment: none

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Narra (Pterocarpus indicus)

Seed count: 1,794/kg

Seed type: Orthodox

Seed Collection: Nationwide

July -Nov

Pre treatment: Cut the edge of

samara and soak the pod

overnight in tap water.

Benguet pine (Pinus kesiya)

Seed count: 52,934/kg

Seed type: Orthodox

Pre treatment: none

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Agoho (Casuarina equisetifolia)

Seed count: 44,260/100g

Seed type: Orthodox

Pre treatment: none

Bitaog (Callophyllum inophyllum)

Seed count: 100-210/kg

Seed type:Intermediate

Pre treatment: none

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Lumbang (Aleurites moluccana)

Seed count: 116/kg

Seed type: Orthodox

Pre treatment: Cracking of the seed coat

Mountain agoho (Casuarina rumphiana)

Seed count: 40,000/100g

Seed type: Orthodox

Pre treatment: none

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Apitong(Dipterocarpus grandiflorus)

Seed count: 63/kg (large size);93/kg (medium size)

Seed type: Recalcitrant

Pre treatment: Removal of wings

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SEED PRE TREATMENT

Pre treatment

Orthodox seeds

hot water treatment

acid scarification

burning

Recalcitrant seeds

no pretreatment is required

removal of wings

STORAGE METHODS

• Verify storage category.

•Recalcitrant

•Orthodox

• Adjust moisture content and temperature to the safest possible for the longest

storage period.

• Keep orthodox seeds in sealed containers to avoid regaining of moisture

• Keep seed as cool as possible within physiological safe limit.

• Undertake pest and disease control .– use the safest possible method

• Avoid exposing seed to high temperature and humidity.

• Avoid keeping seedlots with a very low viability.

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Indications of Fungal Attack

• Moldy cover

• Discoloration

• Musty or sour odor

• Caking

• Temperature increase

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Effects of Fungal Attack

• reduced germination

• reduced vigour

• reduced storability

• chemical and nutritional changes

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Cycle of Seed Deterioration and Fungal Attack

infection

reduced resistance to pest and disease

damage to seed cellular structure

Seed ageingSeed drying/ deterioration