MADATSST &

MUKUND INGLE

PRESENT

RESOURCE & DEVELOPMENT

Mr. Mukund B. Ingle

RESOURCE

Naturally Available Satisfy Human Needs Technologically Accessible Economically Feasible Culturally Acceptable

Resources are a function of human activities Ex. Everything we use in our day to day life,

processed and manufactured by us

TYPES OF RESOURCES

On the basis of Origin-▪ Biotic: All living things come this category.

▪ A biotic: All non-living things come in this category

TYPES OF REOURCES

On the basis of Exhaustibility-▪ Renewable: Resources that can be reused,

recycled and reproduced

▪ Non-renewable: Resources that take long geological time for to be generated

TYPES OF RESOURCES

On the basis of Ownership-▪ Individual: Owned by individuals or privately.▪ Community: Have access to all members of the

community▪ National: Resources belong to nation. ( Even 12

nautical miles (22.2 km) of sea water from the coast (territorial water)

▪ International: The oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles. (EEZ) Ex. Manganese from Indian ocean.

TYPES OF RESOURCES

On the basis of the status of development-▪ Potential: Found in the region but not yet utilized

▪ Developed: Surveyed and determined for utilization.

▪ Stock: Has potential to satisfy the need but human beings don’t know the appropriate technology to access.

▪ Reserves: Can be used but kept for the future need.

DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCE

Challenges created due to the over use of resources▪ Depletion of resources▪ Society is divided into haves and have-nots▪ Ecological crises i.e. Ozone depletion, Global

Warming etc.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

No need to compromise present development Need to protect environment Resources should be kept for future Sustainable Development is important because: 1) Many of the resources are non-

renewable and exhaustible. Over exploitation of these resources will affect the needs of our future generations.

2) Environmental pollution has become a major threat to the survival of human beings

FIRST EARTH SUMMIT

In June 1992, at Rio de Janeiro – 100 countries – Leaders signed the ‘Declaration on Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity – Endorsed the Global Forest Principles and adopted Agenda 21

Agenda 21: Signed at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) – Aim for sustainable development – Agreed to fight environmental change, poverty, diseases – Local govt. should have their own Agenda 21

RSOURCE PLANNING

Resource Planning: Strategy for judicious

use of resources

It’s important for India as it has diversity in the availability of resources

Resource Planning for India: Identification and

inventory of resources Evolving a planning

structure Matching resource

development plans with national development

CONSERVATION OF RSOURCE

“There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed”

Over-utilization led to socio-economic and environmental problems

Greedy and selfish exploitation is at the root cause of resource depletion

LAND DESTRIBUTION IN INDIA 43% of India’s land area is

plain. This region is good for agriculture and industry. 30% of the land area is mountains. This region is rich in water resources. Plateaus occupy 27% of the land area. This region is rich in minerals, fossil fuels and forest.

India Land Types

PlainsMountainPlateau

LAND RESOURCE

Land Utilization: Agriculture (Net Sown

Area) Forest Non-cultivation land

(pastures, waste land etc.) Land not available for

cultivation (buildings, roads, factories etc)

Fallow land

LAND USE PATTERN

93% land’s information in available due to POK and COK More than 54% of land is under cultivation States with 80% land under cultivation - Punjab and

Haryana States with less than 10% of land under cultivation –

Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Andaman Nicobar Island

33% of land should be covered with forest but it’s less than that

LAND DEGRADATION

MiningDeforestationOvergrazingOver-irrigation

Industrial EffluentsLand Erosion

CAUSES & DEGRADED LAND

Degraded Land – 130 million hect. 28% forest 56% water 10% wind 6% saline land

LAND EROSION & ITS TYPES

GULLY EROSION Water runs and cuts

deep channels in the soil

SHEET EROSION Water runs and cuts the

entire layer of the soil

LAND/SOIL CONSERVATION

▪ A forestation▪ Proper management of grazing▪ Stabilization of sand dunes▪ Proper management of Waste land▪ Proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and

waste▪ Contour Ploughing▪ Terrace Farming▪ Strip Cropping▪ Shelter Belts

FACTORS OF SOIL FORMATION

Type of a parent rock

Temperature Rainfall/ Running Water Wind and Glacier Activities of Decomposers Human Activities Vegetation

ALLUVIAL SOIL

▪ Formed by the depositional work of the river▪ Found in most of the river basin▪ As we move with the river, size of the particles vary and

categorized according to that.▪ According to age it’s divided into two types:▪ 1. Bangar(Old) 2. Khadar(New)▪ Bangar: More kanker nodules – Less fertile▪ Khadar: More fine particles – More fertile▪ Contain – Potash, phosphoric acid, lime▪ Ideal for sugarcane, paddy, wheat etc

BLACK SOIL

▪ Also known as regur and black cotton soil▪ Made of Basalt rock that is made up lava flows▪ Features:

▪ Capacity to hold moisture▪ Rich in calcium-carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime▪ Develop deep crack in summer▪ Soil is sticky when wet▪ States: MS, Saurashtra, MP etc

TYPES OF SOIL

RED AND YELLOW SOIL▪ Developed from

crystalline igneous rocks▪ Area with low rainfall▪ Gets it red colour due to

diffusion of iron in it.▪ Gets it yellow colour

when it occurs in a hydrated form

LATERITE SOIL▪ Word derived from ‘later’

means brick▪ Areas with high

temperature and heavy rainfall

▪ Humus contain is low▪ Good for tea, coffee and

cashew nut

TYPES OF SOIL

ARID SOIL

▪ Red or brown in colour▪ Sandy in texture and

saline in nature▪ Found in the areas with

high temperature and very low rainfall

▪ High kankar proportion

FOREST SOIL

▪ Found in hilly and mountainous areas

▪ Loamy and silty in slopes and coarse in upper slopes

▪ Acidic with low humus content

▪ It’s fertile in lower parts of the valleys

THANK YOU