Post on 04-Jan-2016
transcript
Respiration
Let’s get energized!!Brain Pop Movie
Cellular Respiration
The breaking down of food by mitochondria to produce ATP
How is energy “packaged” for the cell?
ATP!
Definitions
What does aerobic mean?
So what does anaerobic mean?
Breaking it down
There are three main stages of cellular respiration: Glycolysis (anaerobic)Citric Acid Cycle (aerobic)Electron Transport Chain (ETC - aerobic)
- Tidbits -
Carried out by both plant and animal cells.Does not occur at any set time
The ultimate goal
MAKE ENERGY!!!Disassemble carbohydrates into glucose moleculesUse this glucose to produce energy-rich ATP molecules.
The Reaction
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP
Does this look familiar?
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Where is energy in each reaction? Why?
Glycolysis
Glycolysis literally means "to break apart glucose". Breaks down a molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acidOccurs in the cytosol (cytoplasm) of a cell
Glycolysis
Can be broken down into two major stages:– Glucose activation – Energy harvest
glucose fructosebisphosphate
G3P pyruvate
NAD+
ADPATP
2
2 2
22
4 4
2
ADP
NADH
ATP
Energy harvestGlucose activation
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
glucose fructosebisphosphate
G3P pyruvate
NAD+
ADPATP
2
2 2
22
4 4
2
ADP
NADH
ATP
Energy harvestGlucose activation
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
electroncarriers
Krebscycle
Electrontransport chain
Glycolysis
acetylCoA
glucoseglycerol
aminoacids
fatscomplex
carbohydrates proteins
fatty acids pyruvate
(mitochondrion)
(cytoplasm)
synthesis
breakdown
electroncarriers
Krebscycle
Electrontransport chain
Glycolysis
acetylCoA
acetylCoA
glucoseglycerol
aminoacids
glucoseglycerol
aminoacids
fatscomplex
carbohydrates proteinsfatscomplex
carbohydrates proteins
fatty acids pyruvatefatty acids pyruvate
(mitochondrion)
(cytoplasm)
synthesis
breakdown
synthesis
breakdown
What is next?
What happens when
no O2 is present?
Why would this happen?
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid when no oxygen is available.Builds up in muscles during strenuous exercise.
Why do we hurt after strenuous exercise?
Alcoholic Fermentation
2 step process to change pyruvic acid to ethanol.Wine, beer, and bread.
Another Example
This fermentation process, rather than producing lactic acid, produces ethanol commonly referred to as alcohol and CO2 from pyruvic acid.
electroncarriers
Krebscycle
Electrontransport chain
Glycolysis
acetylCoA
glucoseglycerol
aminoacids
fatscomplex
carbohydrates proteins
fatty acids pyruvate
(mitochondrion)
(cytoplasm)
synthesis
breakdown
electroncarriers
Krebscycle
Electrontransport chain
Glycolysis
acetylCoA
acetylCoA
glucoseglycerol
aminoacids
glucoseglycerol
aminoacids
fatscomplex
carbohydrates proteinsfatscomplex
carbohydrates proteins
fatty acids pyruvatefatty acids pyruvate
(mitochondrion)
(cytoplasm)
synthesis
breakdown
synthesis
breakdown
What is next?
When O2 present –
where does pyruvate go?
Moving from Glycolysis to the Citric Acid Cycle
Large pores in the outer membrane of the mitochondria make it highly permeable to pyruvic acid molecules
As pyruvate is moving from the cytosol to the mitochondrion, a microenzyme removes one carbon and two oxygen from each molecule, producing Aceytl
CoA (2C).
Krebs Cycle aka Citric Acid Cycle
Each cycle produces:1 ATP 3 NADH & 3 H+ ions 2 CO2 1 FADH2 (energy molecule)
ATP
ADP
C C _ CoAacetyl CoA
C CO2
C C Cpyruvate
C CO22
Formation ofacetyl CoA
coenzyme A
FADH2
NAD+ NADH
FAD
3
3 NAD+
NADH
coenzyme A
Krebscycle
ATP
ADP
C C _ CoAacetyl CoA
C CO2
C C Cpyruvate
C CO22
Formation ofacetyl CoA
coenzyme A
FADH2
NAD+ NADH
FAD
3
3 NAD+
NADH
coenzyme A
Krebscycle
+ 3H+
Biology Homework for week of Feb 21 - 25
Mon Muscle Fatigue Analysis
Tues Photo/Resp. Review Wks
Weds IRT Field Trip-Bring LunchReview
Th Ch. 9 Test Today
Fri Genetics 101
The Electron Transport Chain:
Most of the energy locked in the original glucose molecule will be released by the ETC.
Electron TransportNetwork of electron-carrying proteins located in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. The proteins pass the electrons from one to the next. Produces 32-34 ATP!
Another look: Glycolysis
– Breaks glucose (6 C) into pyruvate (3 C)
– Anaerobic– Makes 2 ATP
Citric Acid Cycle– Starts Acetyl CoA– Happens inside mitochondria– Aerobic– Makes 2 ATP, 2 CO2 & electron
carriers Electron Transport Chain
(ETC)– Uses electron carries to make A
LOT of ATP (36 or 38)– Happens in mitochondrial
membranes– Aerobic
electroncarriers
Krebscycle
Electrontransport chain
Glycolysis
acetylCoA
glucoseglycerol
aminoacids
fatscomplex
carbohydrates proteins
fatty acids pyruvate
(mitochondrion)
(cytoplasm)
synthesis
breakdown
electroncarriers
Krebscycle
Electrontransport chain
Glycolysis
acetylCoA
acetylCoA
glucoseglycerol
aminoacids
glucoseglycerol
aminoacids
fatscomplex
carbohydrates proteinsfatscomplex
carbohydrates proteins
fatty acids pyruvatefatty acids pyruvate
(mitochondrion)
(cytoplasm)
synthesis
breakdown
synthesis
breakdown
glucose oxygen
O O6
energyreleased
OHH6
water
CO O6carbondioxide
Burning glucose
glucose
O O6
oxygenOHH6
water
energy
CO O6
carbondioxide
Photosynthesis
Why do we hurt after strenuous exercise?
Explain the Relationship between Muscle Fatigue and Cellular
Respiration
Pre-Lab QuestionsDescribe some situations when we are unable to maintain or supply the demand for oxygen for certain muscles?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Can muscles move (contract) without moving our joints? Explain. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________Write the chemical equation for aerobic respiration, and anaerobic respiration lactic (acid fermentation). How much more energy does the aerobic respiration produce? How are the reactants delivered to the cell? C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O +36 ATP
Sugar (glucose) → Lactic Acid + Carbon Dioxide + Energy (ATP)
Comparision