Post on 12-Jan-2015
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Review of Ireland 1923-1932
• Presentation prepared by:
• Dominic Haugh• St. Particks Comprehensive School• Shannon• Co. Clare
• Presentation can be used for educational purposes only – all rights remain with author
Review of Ireland 1922-1939
• Political Parties 1922
• Cumann na nGaedheal (pro-Treaty Sinn Fein)
• Sinn Fein (anti-Treaty)
• Labour Party
• Farmers Party
Cumann na nGaedheal 1923-32
• General Election August 1923
• Sinn Fein refuses to attend Dail (abstention)
• Cumman na nGaedheal has majority
• William T. Cosgrave (President of Executive)
Issues Facing Government
• Consolidating the State
• Law and Order
• Economic Difficulties
• Foreign Policy
Consolidating the State
• The ‘New’ Civil Service
• The Civic Guard (the Gardai)
• The Courts
• Local Government
• Founding of Fianna Fail (1926)
Law and Order
• Civic Guard (the Gardai)
• Dealing with IRA
• The Army Mutiny 1924
• The Assassination of Kevin O’Higgins
• New Laws force Fianna Fail to take the Oath of Allegiance
• The Red Scare 1929
Economic Difficulties
• Economic Recession (began 1921)• Economic problems from war• Laissez-Faire policies • Emphasis on Agriculture• Balance the books
• Ultimate Financial Agreement 1926• Government to continue paying land annuties
Specific Measures
• 1923 – cuts in pay for civil servants, teachers and gardai
• 1924 – cuts in old age pension
• 1924 – cuts taxes
• 1927 – ACC established
• 1927 – Building of Shannon Scheme
Foreign Policy
• Participation in League of Nations
• Participation in Imperial Conferences
• 1925 – The Boundary Commission
• 1931 – Statute of Westminster
Questions to Ask??
• How successful were Cumann na nGaedheal in Power?
• Consolidating the New State?
• Law and Order?
• Economic Policy?
• Foreign Policy?
Fianna Fail in Power 1932-1939
• Elected with help of Labour in 1932
• 1933 – Snap election – win overall majority
• Threats to the State (Law and Order)
• 1937 Constitution
• Foreign Policy
• Economic Policies
Threats to the State
• IRA
• DeValera releases IRA men from jail
• By 1936 uses the same powers to re-arrest them again
• Threats from the Blueshirts
New Constitution
• Dismantling the Treaty
• 1932 – Abolished the Oath of Allegiance
• 1932 – Undermined the Governor General
• 1936 – Constitutional Amendment Act and External Relations Act
• 1937 – New Constitution
Foreign Policy
• Tied to –
• Dismantling of the Treaty
• Economic War
Economic Policy
• More government involvement in Economy
• More spending on housing and services
• Drive to develop industry
• Implementation of a policy of Protectionism
• DeValera wants to break economic links with Britain
• Drive for self-sufficiency
Economic War
• 1932 – July – DeValera refuses to pay land annuities
• Sparks Economic War with Britain
• Both sides impose tariffs on imports
• ‘Burn everything British but it’s coal’
• 1935 – The Coal-Cattle Pact
• 1938 – The Anglo Irish Agreement
Questions to Ask??
• How successful were Fianna Fail in Power?
• Law and Order?
• Foreign Policy?
• Economic Policy?
• Did deValera make Ireland ‘self-sufficient’?
Main Topics for Questions
• Success or failure of different policies
• Comparing CnanG and FF in different policy areas
• Comparing success or failure of Cosgrave and deValera
Homework
• Take each policy topic and outline one reason why you feel the government of the time were a success or failure
• 4 for Cummann na nGaedheal 1923-1932
• 4 for Fianna Fail 1932-1939