2 º N I V E L B Á S I C O

REVISION SECOND TERM

SUMMARY

VERB TENSES:PRESENT TENSES:Present simplePresent continuousPAST TENSES:Past simplePast continuousPresent perfectFUTURE TENSES:Be going to + infinitivePresent continuousWill + infinitive

DEFING RELATIVE CLAUSES:who, which, that, where

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:somebody, anybody,…

VOCABULARY:Expressions for paraphrasingHouseworkExpressions with “make” and “do”ShoppingAdjectives ending in –ed / -ing

PRESENT TENSES

PRESENT SIMPLEForm:

+ I am happy / He is happy / They are happyI play football / He plays football

- I am not happy / He is not happy / They are not happyI don’t play football / He doesn’t play football

? Am I happy? / Is he happy? / Are they happy?Do you play football? / Does he play football?

Use:- Habits, routine. e.g.Maria smokes- Permanent actions. e.g. Pedro lives in Seville- Eternal truths. e.g. The earth is round

PRESENT TENSES

PRESENT CONTINUOUSForm: + I am playing football / He is playing football / They are

playing fooball- I am not playing football / He is not playing football /

They are not playing football? Am I playing football? / Is he playing football? / Are

they playing football?Use:

- Actions in progress at the moment of speaking in thepresent.

- Temporary things that are happening now

PAST TENSES

PAST SIMPLE

Form:

+ I was happy / He was happy / They were happy

I played football

- I was not happy / He was not happy / They were nothappy

I did not play football

? Was I happy? / Was he happy? / Were they happy?

Did you play football?

Use:

Past finished actions

PAST TENSES

PAST CONTINUOUS

Form:

+ I was playing / He was playing / They were playing

- I was not playing/ He was not playing / They werenot playing

? Was I playing? / Was he playing? / Were theyplaying?

Use:

Actions in progress at a specific moment in the past

PAST TENSES

PRESENT PERFECT

Form:

+ I have cleaned/ He has cleaned

- I haven’t cleaned/ He hasn’t cleaned

? Have you cleaned? / Has he cleaned?

Use:

- To talk about recent actions, not saying exactly when things happened. e.g.: My sister has had a baby! / Someone has stolen my bike.

- To refer to events which have taken place in our life up to now, but the time when they exactly happened is not mentioned. e.g.: I have been to China

- To refer to actions or situations that started in the past and are still true.

e.g.: I have lived in Málaga for 10 years.

* Sometimes, those events are repeated, non-permanent actions, that have taken place in our lives (and we are alive) or during a period of time that hasn’t finished yet and can happen again. e.g.: Ziggy Marley has won three Grammy awards.

PAST TENSES

We use the following adverbials and prepositions with the PRESENT PERFECT:

- just (to say something happened very recently) and already (to say something happened earlier than expected) go before the main verb in positive sentences.

e.g.: I have just finished my homework / I have already phoned Sarah

- yet (to ask if something has happened or say it hasn’t happened up to now) goes at the end in negative sentences and in questions.

e.g.: Have you done your homework yet? / I haven’t met Paul’s girlfriend yet.

- ever (at any time of your life) goes before the main verb in questions.

e.g.: Have you ever broken a bone?

- for + a period of time and since + a point of time (to talk about the length of time.

e.g.: I have lived in Spain for 7 years / They have known each other since 1999.

FUTURE TENSES

BE GOING TO + INFINITIVEForm:

+ I am going to play / He is going to play/ They are goingto play

- I am not going to play / He is not going to play/ They are not going to play

? Am I going to play? / Is he going to play? / Are theygoing to play?

Use:Future plans. e. g. I’m going to travel to Paris next yearPredictions when there is evidence. e.g. Look! It’s very

cloudy! It’s going to rain

FUTURE TENSES

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Form:

+ I am playing football / He is playing football / They are playing fooball

- I am not playing football / He is not playing football / They are not playing football

? Am I playing football? / Is he playing football? / Are they playing football?

Use:

Arrangements. e.g. I’m seeing The hobbit next Friday, I bought the tickets this morning

FUTURE TENSES

WILL+ INFINITIVE

Form:

+ I will play

- I will not/won’t play

? Will you play?

Use:

- Future predictions when there isn’t evidence (it’s just anopinion). e.g. I think it will not rain on your wedding day, it would be very bad luck.

- Promises, offers and decisions. e.g.: I’ll always love you / Those bags are very heavy, I’ll help you. / I’ll have a tea.

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

Relative Clauses are formed by joining two sentences.

We need a relative pronoun that substitutes another pronoun or a noun.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS:

WHO to refer to people.

e.g.: Peter is a student who comes from Glasgow.

WHICH to refer to animals, things, …

e.g.: The books which are on the table are mine.

THAT can replace who and which.

e.g.: Peter is a student that comes from Glasgow. / The books that are onthe table are mine.

WHERE refers to places.

e.g.: I love the house where you live.

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

WHO, WHICH and THAT can be the Subject of the RelativeClause:

e.g.: I’ve talked to the man WHO sold me his car. (Who replacesThe man and is the Subject of the Clause “sold me his car”)

They can also be the Object :

- I loved the film (WHICH/ THAT) we saw last night.

- The man (THAT/ WHO) you mentioned is a writer.

¡¡When The Relative is the Object, it can be (and it is usually) omitted in Defining Relative Clauses!!

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

People Things Places

some- someone /somebody something somewhere

any- anyone /anybody anything anywhere

no- no one /nobody nothing nowhere

every- everyone /everybody everything everywhere

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

SOME- Affirmative sentences and questions (when they are requests or offers)

e.g. Someone was sitting on the sofa

ANY- Negative (with a negative verb) and interrogativesentences

e.g. The police couldn’t find her anywhere/Is there anything to eat?

NO- Affirmative sentences with a negative meaninge.g. Nobody was at home when I called/There’s nothing we can do.

EVERY- Affirmative sentences and questionse.g. Her mother looked for her everywhere/Is everything all right?

VOCABULARY

EXPRESSIONS FOR PARAPHRASING (File 3C)

Cardigan: It’s a _______ of jumper.kindHire: It’s _________ to rent.similarSouvenir: It’s ___________you buy to remind you of your holiday.somethingPilot: It’s ___________ who flies a plane.someoneCampsite: It’s ___________ you can sleep in tents.somewhereSlim: It’s _________ thin, but it’s more polite.like

VOCABULARY

HOUSEWOK: (Vocabulary bank, page 15**)

VOCABULARY

MAKE or DO? (Vocabulary bank, page 15**)

__________ friendsmake__________ the bedmake__________the houseworkdo__________ a phone callmake__________ sport.do__________ a coursedo__________ lunchmake__________ homeworkdo

VOCABULARY

SHOPPING (Vocabulary bank, page 15**)

VOCABULARY

ADJECTIVES ENDING –ED and –ING (File 4C)1. Going to a spa for the weekend is so r__________.relaxing2. Congratulations. That is very e__________ news.exciting3. Helen is very d__________. She has lost her job.depressed4. Mum, I am b__________. I have nothing to do.bored5. We always feel very r__________ on holiday.relaxed6. This film is really b__________. Turn off the TV.boring