Post on 12-Apr-2015
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2012-2013 Fall Semester
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN UNIVERSITYDEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
URBAN DESIGN PROGRAM
ARCH 556: Conservation & Design in Historic EnvironmentsInstructor: Prof.Dr. Naciye DoratlıStudent: Koorosh Ghotb 115125
Revitalizing “Intramuros” (Walled city of Manila,
Philippines )
• In the 16th century, the Spanish colonial government established Ciudad Manila (City of Manila) as its political, religious, and administrative capital in the Philippines. The city’s core was the colonial administrative center, which was built within the walled compound of Intramuros (literally, “within the walls”, but today referred to as the “Walled City”).
• Intramuros’s location was actually the site of Raja Soliman’s 13th century trading post, which had been surrounded by a wooden palisade and is strategically located on the shore of Manila Bay at the mouth of the Pasig River.
Source: http://travel.nationalgeographic.com
History and Background
Source: http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com
• At the end of the Spanish–American War in 1898, Spain relinquished control of the Philippines to the United States.
Plaza Mayor de Manila in the 18th Century
Source: http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com
History and Background
• In 1944, more than 90% of Intramuros had been Destroyed in World War II
Intramuros at the End of World War II
Source: http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com
The gate of Fort Santiago during World War IIThe reconstructed gate of Fort Santiago
Fort Santiago was built by the Spanish between 1589 and 1592. During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines, it was used as prison and the dungeons for torture of the inmates. The fort was heavily damaged by U.S. artillery fire during the Battle of Manila (3.2.1945 - 3.3.1945).
http://en.tracesofwar.com http://en.tracesofwar.com
• In 1966, the Intramuros Restoration Committee (IRC) was formed with the goal of restoring the city.
• In 1972 With the imposition of martial law, IRC was abolished, and responsibility for restoring and managing Intramuros passed to the Intramuros Administration. From its founding in 1979 until 1986, the Intramuros Administration aggressively carried out restoration work on Intramuros’s fortifications. This included: archival research archaeological excavation preparation of restoration plans site clearing and constructionadjusting restoration plans as archaeological finds produced
additional information for restoration works.• In 1973, the government of Spain presented the initial plan for
Intramuros’s restoration as a historic district was the “Tourism Development Plan for Intramuros, Manila” to the Government of Philippines.
Revitalizing Program
The Aduana, Past and Present
San Ignacio Church, Past and Present
• In 1980, the plan was revived and updated as the Intramuros Development Plan, with the goal of restoration and development of Intramuros as a functional community.
• In 1992, Intramuros Urban Development Plan was completed by various restoration, planning, and development control regulations relating to Intramuros.
Following annunciation of the Intramuros Urban Development Plan of 1992, the Intramuros Administration began implementing land resource management techniques to facilitate Intramuros’s revitalization. These included:• purchasing historic sites and structures for later use as offices• consolidating lots to provide room for large-scale projects• acquiring properties of historical and cultural significance• swapping privately-owned land within Intramuros for government-
owned land outside the area as a means of implementing its transfer of development rights scheme.
The positive impact of these techniques is visible in Intramuros’s northeastern sector. Sites and ruins of major heritage structures have been cleared of illegal settlers and properly protected.
Revitalizing Program
• At the turn of the 21st century, the Philippines’ taipans* expanded their corporate activities to support major academic institutions.
*In the Philippines, the term taipan refers to a highly successful Filipino businessperson of Chinese origin.
17%
17%
65%
1%Church
Government (excluding walls, golf courses, parks)
Private and corporate
Unknown
Owner Area (m²)
Church68,625.
90
Government (excluding walls, golf course, and parks)
68,717.73
Private and corporate
253,202.20
Unknown3,215.2
0
Land Ownership in Intramuros
CHECKLIST FOR: Intramuros
DYNAMICS OF PLACE
High
Static
Declining after war the city was declined for years
OBSOLESCENCE
Physical About 90% of city was destroyed in world war II
Functional Most of building was destroyed
Locational
Image Because of was there are no appropriate image of the city
STRATEGIC APPROACH
REGENERAT
ION• Trying to bringing back the entire fabric
DIVERSIFIC
ATION
RESTRUCTU
RING
IMPLEMENTA
TION
ORGANI
ZATION
AL
PUBLIC
PUBLIC-
PRIVATE
. Most of the city was regenerated by Intramuros Administration
. Philippines’ taipans was expanded their corporate activities to support major
academic institutions
PRIVATE
FINANCIA
L
INCENTIVES
SUBSIDIESGovernment was purchased historic sites and structures for later use by fair
price
GRANTS
. Philippines’ taipans was expanded their corporate activities to support
major academic institutions