Post on 25-Mar-2018
transcript
2/23/09
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• First,reinforceanyresponsethatinsomewayresemblesthetargetbehavior
• Thenreinforcearesponsethatmorecloselyapproximatesthetargetbehavior(nolongerreinforcingthepreviouslyreinforcedresponse).
• Thenreinforcearesponsethatresemblesthetargetbehaviorevenmoreclosely
• Con?nuereinforcingcloserandcloserapproxima?onstothetargetbehavior
• Finally,reinforceonlythetargetbehavior
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Schedules of IntermittentReinforcement
Schedules of Reinforcement
Continuous Intermittent
Interval Ratio
Fixed Variable Fixed Variable
FixedInterval
VariableInterval
FixedRatio
VariableRatio
Reinforcementa-ersetperiodof1meExamples• WeeklyQuiz• Preparingforclasstostarteveryday• ShoppingforHolidayorBirthdaygiIs• Praisingahyperac?vechildevery15minutesforappropriateclassroombehavior
• FeedingyourpetseverymorningResponseRate• Increasesas?meforreinforcementapproaches,thendropsoffaIerreinforcement
Reinforcementa-ervaryinglengthsof1meExamples• PopQuizzes• Tellingstudentsthattheirprojectsthattheyareworkingonwillbegradedin“afewdays”
• Apigeonbeingreinforcedonarandom?mebasisforpeckingatapanelthatlightsup
• Givingyourstudentstokensforbeingontaskatdifferent?mesduringtheday
ResponseRate• Slow,steadyrateofresponding;veryliUlepauseaIerreinforcement
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Reinforcementa-ersetnumberofresponsesExamples Payingworkers$50foreverycartheypaint Givingapizzacouponforeverythirdbookread Givingastrugglingspellercomputer?meforevery10newwordsspelledcorrectly
ReceivinganadvancedcoloredbeltinkarateaIermee?ngtherequirementsateachstage
Receivingrecogni?onpinsforwri?ngyour5th,10th,&25thessays
ResponseRateRapidresponserate;pauseaIerreinforcement
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• Rewardsmustbejudgedonwhethertheyleadtolas?ngchangeaIertherewardhasceased
• Rewardsusuallyimproveperformanceatextremelysimpletasks,andeventhentheyimproveonlyquan?ta?veperformance
• Rewardswillmostlikelyfailoninteres?ngorcrea?vetasks
• Rewardsareusedtocontrolormanipulatepeople
• Rewardsdiscouragerisk‐taking
• Praise,ifusedcorrectly,canincreaseintrinsicmo?va?onbybeinginforma?onal
• Giveunexpectedrewards• Avoidtangiblerewardsforsomethingthestudentalreadyfindsinteres?ng
• Rewardsmaydecreaseintrinsicmo?va?onwhengivenforsimplyengaginginanac?vity.Rewardsshouldbecon?ngentuponmee?ngastandardoradvancedlevelofperformance
• Whenini?alinterestinataskislowrewardsmayincreaseacademicengagement
• Rewardsmaysquelchrisk‐takingifusedimproperly
• Decreasesinintrinsicmo?va?onarehighwhenrewardsarehighlysalient