Post on 22-Jul-2018
transcript
1. Early Years of F. Roosevelt
Born to a wealthy family in New York.
- Family Core Values:
- Simplicity -Honesty
- Hard Work - Compassion for the poor.
- Obligation to serve the public.
Offices before Presidency:
- Practiced law. - Secretary of the Navy.
- N.Y. state senator. - 2 Term Governor of N.Y.
A. Political Philosophy:
- Based on family’s core values, especially in labor & public assistance .
B. 1921-1928: Struck with polio.
i Paralyzed from waist below.
ii. Gave lively political speeches from bed.
iii. Popularity grew; “will to survive”.
2. Election of 1932A. Hoover
i. Known for “do-nothing” attitude; believed in rugged individualism.
B. Democrat: Franklin D. Roosevelt“It is common sense to take a method and try it. If it fails, admit it frankly and try another. But above all, try something.”
i. “Can-do” attitude.
ii. Huge supporter of direct relief as NY Governor.
- Public works programs. - Old-age pensions.
- Unemployment insurance. - Direct relief for poor.
3. Roosevelt Becomes President
***During the 4 months before FDR took office in March 1933!
Economy worsened!
A. FDR worked with his “brain-trust” to formulate policies to implement ASAP. i. Selected advisors with differing views.
ii. Devised the New Deal.
B. New Deal:i. Policies designed to alleviate problems of the Great Depression.
ii. The “3 R’s”:a. Financial Reform.
b. Relief for the needy.
c. Economic Recovery.
C. The 1st Hundred Days: Mar. 9 to June 16 1933
***Congress passed 15 major pieces of ND legislation.
i. Following 15 laws greatly expanded nationalgovt.’s role in the economy.
ii. 1st priority: Financial Reform.
- Bank holiday, closed all banks to stop further withdrawals.
- Passes the Emergency Banking Relief Act:
> Bank inspections.
D. Used many radio fireside chats:
i. Explained the “simple idea” of what he was doing to his “friends”.
*** 60 million listened to first fireside chat!
*** 30 during his presidency 1933-1944!
Audio Clip of FDR’s 1st Fireside Chat
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrfirstfiresidechat.html
4. New Deal Programs A. The banking crisis is now halted.
B. 2nd Priority: Relief for the needy.
i. “Alphabet Agencies”
- Govt. funded programsaimed at helping the poorand fixing the economy.
5. New Deal CoalitionA.NDC: An alignment of diverse groups dedicated to supporting the Democratic Party and FDR.
i. Southern Whites, various urban groups, Blacks/A.A.’s, religious groups, women and unionized industrial workers.
B. Election of 1936:
- NDC (millions) owed their jobs to FDR.
- 1st time A.A.’s switch to Democratic party.
- FDR wins HUGE.
***On Election Day, FDR won by one of the largest landslides in American History.
*** FDR won over 60 percent of the popular vote.
FDRv.s.
Kansas Gov.
Alfred Landon
6. Opposition to the New DealA. Deficit Spending: FDR spends more than the country was taking in; leads to debt ($35 Bil.) and inflation.
i. Why?! To “prime the pump” of the economy.ii. FDR ends the Gold Standard ($ = No Backing).
- So govt. can print and spend MORE.
B. 1937: Congress concerned about budget.
i. FDR stops spending;
Roosevelt Recession starts.
C. 1938: No end of Depression in sight.
i. FDR continues to $pend.
D. Supreme Court Opposition
i. S.C. rules several ND programs as unconstitutional.
- Infringed upon state rights/control.
ii. FDR’s “Court Packing” Plan
- Feared the S.C. would do this to more.
- Needed to balance the court in his favor.
-S.C. backs down, FDR gets his way.
- 1st major political mistake.
***How it Worked- “Nine Old Men” are
over burdened with work!
- If any justice served for 10 years and did not
retire within 6 months after reaching the age
of 70, the president could appoint an
additional justice to the court.
- Applied to 6 out of 9, thus could have 15 justices!!!!11111
- What do you think of this plan? And FDR?
***People thought the President would gain too much power and he challenged the independence of the Supreme Court; S.o.P.
D. Supreme Court Opposition
i. S.C. rules several ND programs as unconstitutional.
- Infringed upon state rights/control.
ii. FDR’s “Court Packing” Plan
- Feared the S.C. would do this to more.
- Needed to balance the court in his favor.
-S.C. backs down, FDR gets his way.
- 1st major political mistake.***People thought the President would gain too much power and he challenged the independence of the Supreme Court; S.o.P.
E. From the Left and Right
i. Left/Liberals/American Liberty League
- ND did not go far enough; take more from the rich (by force?)!
ii. Right/Conservatives
- President and national govt. gaining TOO MUCH power; no state powers or Constitution.
A. PointCounterpoint ChartPg. 516
Pro-New Deal
List 3 of the main points they make for why the New Deal worked.
Anti-New Deal
List 3 of the main points they make for why the New Deal didn’t work.
Your Response to which side you agree with more and WHY.
(2-3 sentences)