Russel presentation

transcript

Bronx Zoo

Central Park Zoo

American Museum of Natural History

Well-managed Zoos and Aquariums can make an

Enormous Contribution to Conservation

Partnering for Sustainable Zoos and Aquariums

SpeciesConservation: The Need for Zoos to Lead

Priority AreasHotspots

The Madagascar Example

What Zoos are Doing What More Can Zoos Do?

Zoos and the Wild as a Continuum

Increased Support to Field Programs

Closer Relationships with IUCN

The CBD and 2020 Targets

BINGOS “Down-grading”

Species Conservation

Climate Change

Food Security

Green Economies

Ecosystem Services

Human Well-being

Biodiversity

Species Conservation and

Extinction Avoidanceare no longer thePrinciple Focus

The Need for Zoosto be the

Global Leaderin

Species Conservation

THREATSto

SPECIES

An Extinction Crisis

We are losing species

We are losing forest and other habitats

We are seeing the erosion of critical ecosystem services

The CI Approach

Be Strategic

Set Priorities(based on the best available Science)

Setting Priorities

HotspotsHigh Biodiversity Wilderness Areas

HOTSPOTS

Prioritizing Areas of High Irreplaceability(Endemic Species)

andHigh Threat

HOTSPOTSEarth’s 34 (- 35) Richest and Most Endangered Ecoregions

High Biodiversity Wilderness Areas

Forests of East Australia

HOTSPOTSOriginal Extent23,490,101 km2

15.7%of Earth’s land surface

HOTSPOTS

2.3%of Earth’s land surface

Area Remaining Intact3,385,341 km2

HOTSPOTS

86+%Lost

Vertebrate Endemism in the Hotspots

12,065 species

42%of all vertebrates

as endemics

Targets for achieving species outcomes: globally threatened species

CR & EN SPECIES IN THE HOTSPOTS

72% of all CR + EN mammals

86% of all CR + EN birds

92% of all CR + EN amphibians

HOTSPOTS: KEY POINTS

Not Just Tropical Rain Forest

Not Just Species Richness or Endemism

Concentration of Endemism at Higher Taxonomic Levels

(Endemic Genera, Families)

Deep Lineages /Evolutionary History

Madagascar Plants14-15,000 spp.

80+% endemic / found nowhere else on Earth

> 400 species

100% endemic

Lemurs

5 families15 genera

101 species

MADAGASCAR

Remaining area of natural habitat

~50 – 60,000 km2

90+% lost

Strengthen the law enforcement in Androy and Atsimo Andrefana Regions

New Species Discoveries &

Rediscoveries in Madagascar

Field Guide to the Lemurs of Madagascar

1994: 50

2006 (1/06): 71

2010 : 101 !

230++ species

Madagascar Pochard –Rediscovered !!

Madagascar:The World’s Highest Priority Hotspot?

MADAGASCAR

Commitment to

tripleProtected Area coverage over the next 5 years !

MADAGASCAR

$50 millionTrust Fund requested in September, 2003

CI invests first $1 million

Total achieved as of March, 2008

DreamWorks

TTTTTTTTT

$500,000 for Ecotourism

MADAGASCAR

1,750,000 haNew Protected Areas

declared sinceDecember, 2005

MADAGASCAR WHAT NOW ?

Marc Ravalomananaout in March, 2009

Andry Rajoelinanot yet recognized by any other nation

There are no final victoriesin conservation

and esp. in Hotspots

BOTTOM LINE

Hotspotsand

Top Priorityin

Terrestrial Species Conservation

HotspotsIf we fail in these areas, especially the Hotspots,

we will lose a major portionof the world’s

terrestrial & freshwater species regardless

of how successfulwe are in other areas

And…

HotspotsA Very Effective Tool

for Fund-Raising

The Next Level Down

Site Level Priorities

Key Biodiversity

Areas (KBAs)

Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites

AZE Sites

Single sites that are the only home to CR and EN

species, the loss of which will result in the

extinction of those species

THE MARINE REALM

The Largest Biome in the Universe

What Can Zoos & Aquariums

doin the Future

(Beyond what they already are doing)

Recognize your Enormous Power and

Influence

Public Awareness Education & Training

Influencing Public PolicyAttracting New Donors

Visitors to Zoos225 AZA institutions186 million visitors

Total Global700 million visitors

Recognition of the fact that there is a Continuum

between Captivity and the Wild

Support for Conservation

in the Wild

Esp. in Hotspots, HBWAs,Priority Marine Areas, etc.

AZA Conservation Endowment

~$5 millionover

20 years

EAZA Campaigns

4,285,000 Euros9 Campaigns

Plus 1.9 million signatures on Bushmeat Petition toEU Parliament in 2001, resulting in

3.4 million Euros to GRASP

Madagascar Faunal Group

Henry Doorly Zoo Omaha

EAZA Campaignfor

Madagascar 2006-2007

605,000 Euros

Recent Survey byAZA Field Conservation

Committee

225 AZA facilities$110 million on Conservation

$89 from WCS alone

WAZA300 members

$350 million on Conservation

(but not all for conservation in the wild)

Stillonly

Changing the

Increase Support to Field Programs

by anOrder of Magnitude

over the next Decade

Continued heavy emphasisSpecies-focused Programs (incl. bringing new species into captivity)

SupportforKeyProtected Areas

Work with Local Communities

Stimulate Ecotourismthrough your

Donor Tour Programs

Primate Ecotourism

Primate Watching

Primate Life-Listing

Partnering with

IUCNSpecies Survival

Commission

Partnering with the Species Survival Commission

CBSGAdopt / Twin with Specialist Groups

Share Global Priorities

Partner in Branding and using the Red List Scale in Exhibits

Amphibian Survival AllianceAmphibian Ark, IUCN/SSC ASG

Red List

Rolling out to Zoos, Aquaria, and Botanic Gardens

WAZA Officein

IUCN HQGland, Switzerland

Join as a Member Institution

Other Commissions

National Committees

Participate in theWorld Conservation Congress,

World Parks Congress,Future World Species Congress,

World Species Congress

2015 ?

Resolution passed at IUCN World Conservation Congress, Barcelona, October, 2008

Engage with the Major Conventions Dealing with

Conservation Issues

CBDUNFCCC

CMSRAMSAR

In 2010: A real opportunity

2010-2020

International Decadeof Biodiversity

In 2010: A real opportunity

Aichi Strategic Plan 2011-2020

20 Targets for 2020

Target 12:

Suggested Change:The extinction of all threatened species in the wild has been prevented.

Target 11:

17% of the terrestrial planet and10% of the marine realm protected through networks of effective managed protected area systems and other means, and integrated into wider land- and seascapes.

NATURE NEEDS HALFAt least

50% of the planet, including all terrestrial, freshwater, and marine key biodiversity areas (KBAs), protected through networks of effective managed protected area systems and other means, and integrated into wider land- and seascapes.

UseCelebritieswheneverpossible

Mohamed bin ZayedSpecies Conservation Fund

Abu Dhabi Starting Capital: 25 million Euros

Save Our Species FundGlobal Environment Facility (managed by IUCN Species Programme)

1996-2010

$8 million200+ projects

$1,000 - $25,000

In closing, there exists a need for the Global Zoo & Aquarium Communityto take on the Major Leadership Role inSpecies ConservationWorldwide, and to increasethe level of Commitment over this nextCritical Decade ……

but we have onlya brief window of opportunity in whichto act to come up withtruly lasting solutions …...

We Need to be Optimisticand VeryAmbitious

Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund

(CEPF)Support to Civil Society Organizations

in Hotspots

Started in 2001 as a result of first Hotspots book

CEPF – 2nd Phase2007-2012

World BankGlobal Environment Facility

MacArthur FoundationConservation International

Government of JapanGovernment of France

$150 million / 5 yearsfor Hotspots

The Global Conservation Fund (GCF)

Gordon and Betty MooreFoundation

$100 million / 5 years

Focused on Creating New Parks and Reservesin Hotspots and Wilderness Areas

63 new or expandedprotected areas

79 million ha set aside

Human Linguistic Diversity

LANGUAGES SPOKEN IN THE HOTSPOTS - 3,475

LANGUAGES SPOKEN IN THE HBWA - 1,617

TOTAL HOTSPOTS + HBWAS - 5,092

GLOBAL TOTAL - 6,912

% IN HOTSPOTS + HBWAS

Basic Premises

All species are important,and all nations should do

everything possible to conservetheir living resources,

but …

Basic Premises

Certain parts of the planet are especially rich in unique life forms,

and these are often the areas most heavily impacted

by human activitiesand at greatest risk

Develops strong sense of partnership with the countries in question

Builds trust and facilitates future exchange of animals

as part of the Captive - Wild Continuum

Private funding not subject to rapid changes due to

political crises (e.g., Madagascar)

Turtle Survival Alliance (TSA)

Public Awareness

Conservation Education

Training

CEPF- 1st Phase 2001-2006

MacArthur FoundationConservation InternationalGovernment of Japan

The IUCN Red Listof Threatened Species

A Dual Focus

Hotspots

High BiodiversityWilderness Areas

High Biodiversity

Still Largely Intact

AmazoniaCongoNew GuineaMiombo-Mopane of Southern AfricaNorth American Deserts

2012 and beyond

ENDEMISM AT THE FAMILY LEVEL(PLANTS + VERTEBRATES)

MADAGASCAR 25NEW ZEALAND 7

CHILEAN WINTER RAINFALL / VALDIVIAN FORESTS 7

NEW CALEDONIA 7

CAPE FLORISTIC REGION 5

SUNDALAND 3

JAPAN 3

CARIBBEAN 2+

SW AUSTRALIA 2

INDO-BURMA 2

SW CHINA 2

ENDEMISM AT THE GENERIC LEVEL(PLANTS + VERTEBRATES)

MADAGASCAR 478CARIBBEAN 269

ATLANTIC FOREST 210

SUNDALAND 199

EASTERN AFROMONTANE 178

CAPE FLORISTIC REGION 162

MESOAMERICA 138

WESTERN GHATS / SRI LANKA 125

NEW CALEDONIA 122

HIMALAYA 107

The Economics of Ecosystem Services

& Biodiversity

And…

HotspotsA Very Effective Tool

for Fund-Raising

Funding Mechanisms

Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund

(CEPF)Support to Civil Society Organizations

in Hotspots

CEPF- 1st Phase 2001-2006

MacArthur FoundationConservation InternationalGovernment of Japan

CEPF – 2nd Phase

MacArthur FoundationConservation International

Government of JapanGovernment of France

Gordon and Betty MooreFoundation

$100 million / 5 years

Focused on Creating New Parks and Reservesin Hotspots and Wilderness Areas

63 new or expandedprotected areas

79 million ha set aside

Target 5:

Current Version:Deforestation and forest degradation, and the rate of loss and degradation of other natural halted is halved

Suggested Change:The destruction and degradation of natural habitats and ecosystem integrity is halted

Target 6:

Current Version:Pressure on marine ecosystems through overfishing is halved, and destructive fishing practices are eliminated.

Suggested Change:Pressure on marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems through overharvesting is halted and destructive harvesting practices are eliminated.

73%in ProtectedAreas andIndigenousReserves

Fund:Target of $15 million

8.98 million km2

6.1%of land surface

Dec 2006

Three Major Species Extinction Crises

• Amphibians

• Corals

• Asian large animals

Partnerships

Indigenous and Traditional Peoples

Initiative

Partnerships

Indigenous and Indigenous and Traditional Peoples Traditional Peoples

Initiative

Global Climate Change

Avoided Deforestation

REDDReduction in Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation

Forest CarbonAn Essential, ImmediateSolution The Big Opportunity

REDD+ the obvious immediate opportunity

REDD+ a major opportunity for funding some of our highest priority areas

for biodiversity conservation

REDD+ even a mechanism for addressing some of the great economic imbalances

that exist in our world

Linking the CBD & UNFCCC

Major Focus on Protected Areas

National parks and biological reservesState protected areas

Private protected areasNew protected areas

KBAsAZE Sites

Long-term commitment

Protected Areas(in the broad sense)

Blue-eyed Black Lemurmale

female

White-collared Brown Lemur

Shortly after this vist…

Primate-Watching

Primate Life-Listing

But, much much more needs to be done….

To increase the profile of Species Conservation

To find more resources

To work closely with the highest priority countries on Earth to prevent

major extinctions ……

Working with

IUCNThe International Union

for Conservation of Nature

Join if you are not yet a member !!

Need an Order of Magnitude More Resources over the

Next Five Years Focused on the

Highest Priority Areas: KBAs, AZE Sites,

CR and EN Flagship Species

The Critical Role of

Aquaria

Globally threatened species (CR, EN, VU)

Restricted-range species

Congregatory speciesBioregionally restricted species

Biodiversity Conservation Secures Potential Ecosystem Services

Biodiversity Hotspotsand

High-BiodiversityWilderness Areas

Potential ESV

23% 42%58%

15%8%8% 15%Intact

habitatLosthabitat

Globallandarea

Biodiversity Conservaiton Secures Realized Ecosystem Services

“Realized” ecosystem service value(Potential ecosystem service value * human population)

23% 52%48%

15%8%8% 15%Intact

habitatLosthabitat

Globallandarea

Biodiversity Conservation in Hotspots and HBWAs

Secures Realized Ecosystem Services

Biodiversity Conservation in Hotspots and HBWAs

Secures Essential Ecosystem Services

“Essential” ecosystem service value(Potential ecosystem service value * malnourished children)

23% 61%39%

15%8%Intacthabitat

Losthabitat

Globallandarea

HOTSPOTS HUMAN POPULATION

1,959,100,000313,000,000

within 10 km of protected areas

In Summary

Real Win-Win Opportunities

MADAGASCAR

The Durban VisionA Commitment to

tripleProtected Area coverage

MADAGASCAR

1,750,000 haNew Protected Areas

declared sinceDecember, 2005

Key Biodiversity

Areas (KBAs)

Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites

AZE Sites

Single sites that are the only home to CR and EN

species, the loss of which will result in the

extinction of those species

Target 15a:Current Version:Terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems that provide critical services, and ecological resilience or that contribute to local livelihoods and climate change adaptations have been safeguarded or restored, and adequate and equitable access to essential ecosystem services is guaranteed for all, especially indigenous and local communities and the poor and vulnerable.

Suggested Change:Terrestrial, freshwater, and marine biodiversity that provides critical services, especially for the poor and vulnerable, that build ecological resilience, or that contribute to local livelihoods and climate change adaptations is safeguarded or restored through networks of effectively managed protected areas and other means

Target 15b:Current Version:Terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems that provide critical services, and ecological resilience or that contribute to local livelihoods and climate change adaptations have been safeguarded or restored, and adequate and equitable access to essential ecosystem services is guaranteed for all, especially indigenous and local communities and the poor and vulnerable.

Suggested Change – part 2:Adequate and equitable access to essential ecosystem services through active participation of indigenous peoples and local communities, especially the poor and vulnerable, is strengthened.

Target 7:

Current Version:All areas under agriculture, aquaculture, and forestry are managed according to sustainability criteria.

Suggested Change:All areas under agriculture, aquaculture, and forestry, or subject to mining and energy production, are managed according to sustainably criteria, including through the development and adoption of certification schemes or offsets

Health context

The Guayana ShieldWorld’s Largest and Most Pristine Tropical Rain Forest Region

May 2006

Dec 2006

2010 and beyond

Ecosystem Service Values Hotspots and HBWAs

Climate RegulationREDD+

Virtually all of the forests that will benefit from REDD+ investments will be within these areas

$3.5 billion in commitments at Copenhagen

Total potential - $30 billion over the next 10 years?

The Guayana ShieldWorld’s Largest and Most Pristine Tropical Rain Forest Region

GuyanaLow Carbon Development Strategy

$250 million / 5 years from Norway

Suriname Green

Madagascar - Mantadia corridor

Objectives:Reduce carbon emissions,

conserve native biodiversity,enhance human welfare andrestore degraded land

Conservation (REDD) and Ecological restoration (reforestation):REDD: 425,000 hectares

World Bank BioCarbon Fund to buy up to 430,000 tons for ~$1.5 million

REDD+ is immediate

REDD+ a major opportunity for funding some of our highest priority areas

for biodiversity conservation

REDD+ even a mechanism for addressing some of the great economic imbalances

that exist in our world

Linking the CBD & UNFCCC

EcosystemService Values

Hotspots ~$1.5 trillion / year

EcosystemService Values

HBWAs ~$2.3 trillion / year

and…. as it turns out, these areasalso happen to have some of the

highest ecosystem service values, and are thus especially valuable

in terms of human well-being – providing us with many potential

Win-Win Situations

Getting the biodiversity targets right- working for sustainable development

6th Trondheim Conference, 1-5 February 2010A New Vision for Biodiversity Conservation

Dr Jane SmartDirector, IUCN Biodiversity Conservation Group

Head, IUCN Species ProgrammeSSC Focal Point

Yes Minister!

IUCN’s position on a new CBD Strategic Plan

What should the CBD Strategic Plan say?Please pick up a copy of IUCN’s positionRevised at SSC Steering Committee meeting 27-29 January, Caracas, VenezuelaTo be finalised soon (Feb 2010)Trondheim – perfect timing!Submitted to SBSTTA, Nairobi, May Refined for CBD COP10, Nagoya, Japan, October

IUCN: Biodiversity conservation – for all the reasons

Provisioning: food, water, fibre, fuel, medicinesRegulating: climate regulation, water, diseaseSupporting: primary production, soil formationCultural: spiritual, aesthetic, existential, religious, recreation, education, wellbeingAll of these have economic valueIntrinsic: nature has value in its own right

Biodiversity + ecosystem services

IUCN urges continuing recognition of ‘biodiversity’ as the variability within and between ecosystems, species and genes (Article 2 of the CBD) Benefits come from biodiversity as a whole, not just the ecosystem level. The Strategic Plan should include and embrace all components of biodiversityFor the benefit of all life on Earth

Biodiversity loss continues…

60% of Earth’s ecosystems have been dramatically transformedOver the past 100 years, humans have increased species extinction rates - up to 1000 timesThis rate is increasing...

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™

Threatened and at risk of extinction worldwide:22% of the world’s mammalsNearly one third of amphibiansOne in eight birds27% of reef building corals28% of conifersAnd more .....

Biodiversity trends (IUCN Red List Index)

AmphibiansMammalsCorals

In the absence of conservation action, the number of bird species predicted to go extinct globally would be greater than observed. The blue shaded area between the two lines from 1900-2006 represents the positive impact of conservation measures. The top horizontal line illustrates the number of species expected to be in existence in the absence of human activities. (Rodrigues, 2006, Science)

Protected Areas work!

80% of 86 Protected Areas in the topics have stopped or reversed habitat loss

Bruner et al. (2001) Effectiveness of parks in protecting tropical biodiversity. Science 291: 125–128.

State of ex situ conversation of plant genetic resources

Geographic distribution of genebanks with holdings of >10,000 accessions

More than 1.4 million germplasm accessions have been added to ex situ collections, total number now conserved worldwide to 7.4 million, representing significant genetic diversity of major crops conserved

Source: FAO Second State of the World report for PGRFA, 2009(draft)

The Svalbard Global Seed Vault, a last resort safety back-up repository of genetic resources to safeguard humanity.

Source: WIEWS 2009; Country Reports; USDA-GRIN 2009

So how can we scale up, and mainstream this kind of success?

A Vision for 2050Biodiversity is conserved and restored, to secure a healthy planet and to deliver essential benefits for sustainable development and the well being of all people and nature

IUCN believes that a 2050 Vision should aim not just to halt loss of biodiversity but also comprehensively restore the populations, habitats and ecological cycles that enable biodiversity and ecosystem services to persist A forty-year time horizon is appropriate for such an aim

Mission for 2020 - post 2010 target

Post-2010 target should take account of biodiversity and ecosystem services and human well-beingFormulated as a level of change rather than a rate of change (maintain levels rather than reduce the rate of loss)

Mission for 2020 - A post 2010 target

To have initiated by 2015 the necessary urgent and concerted actions to address the threats facing biodiversity, with a view to halting biodiversity loss by 2020, and starting to restore its integrity and variety, thus ensuring the continued provision of its goods and services, preventing irreversible environmental change, and avoiding any change that has dangerous consequences for humankind and other life on earth

Logical sequence: 2015 becomes the due date for having initiated the necessary actions to address the drivers2015 is also within political cycles of currently elected politicians2020 is due date for achieving the Mission

(Short and snappy) Mission for 2020:Stop global biodiversity loss by 2020

Scrutinise Progress in 2012 = Rio + 20 milestoneIn depth review of progress in 2015Synchronise with 2015 reporting against MDGs

Framework for 2020 targets and indicators

CBD has proposed 20 targets in four categories Targets should be formulated according to a Pressure (encompassing Drivers and Threats)—State—Benefits (or Impacts) —Response frameworkAs recommended by Reading Workshop, July 2009 (SCBD, UNEP WCMC)Benefits rather than Impacts

Targets for 2020 should:

Include targets for restoration, as well as ecological and biological connectivity Address the need to ensure that the most important areas for biodiversity are conservedEmbrace all biomes and all taxonomic groups

IUCN proposes 22 targets for 2020

Rockström et al. (2009) A safe operating space for humanity

Target 3:

Current Version:Subsidies harmful to biodiversity are eliminated

Suggested Change:Perverse incentives and subsidies with significant harmful effects on biodiversity are reduced and ultimately eliminated

Target 5:

Current Version:Deforestation and forest degradation, and the rate of loss and degradation of other natural habitats is halved

Suggested Change:The destruction and degradation of natural habitats and ecosystem integrity is halted

Target 6:

Current Version:Pressure on marine ecosystems through overfishing is halved, and destructive fishing practices are eliminated

Suggested Change:Pressure on marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems through overharvesting is halted anddestructive harvesting practices are eliminated

Target 9:

Current Version:The introduction and establishment of invasive species has been prevented and emerging infectious diseases of wildlife controlled

Suggested Change:New introductions of invasive alien species are prevented, currently established alien invasive species are identified, prioritised and accordingly controlled or eradicated, andemerging infectious diseases of wildlife controlled

Target 11:

Current Version:At least 15% of land and sea areas, including the most critical terrestrial, freshwater and marine areas, have been protected through effectively managed protected and/or other means, and integrated into wider land-and seascapes.

Suggested Change:At least 50% of the planet, including all terrestrial, freshwater, and marine key biodiversity areas, protected through networks of effective managed protected area systems and other means, and integrated into wider land- and seascapes.

More on Target 11:50% is high! – but suggested by respondentsWould include IUCN PA Categories I – VIAreas which have potential to be under REDD Other areas receiving payments for ecosystem servicesAll governance mechanisms: public sector, indigenous reserves, local

community (e.g. Satoyama Initiative areas) and private nature reservesSeeking feedback from Trondheim…

Target 12:

Current Version:The extinction of known threatened species (vertebrates and higher plans) has been prevented by ensuring that all such threatened species protected in at least one site

Suggested Change:The extinction of all threatened species in the wild has been prevented

Target 14:

Current Version:The contribution of biodiversity and terrestrial, freshwater and coastal ecosystems to sequestering and retaining greenhouse gases is enhanced

Suggested Change:The value of the contribution of biodiversity to sequestering and retaining greenhouse gases is recognized, and mechanisms are put in place to increase biodiversity-based climate mitigation efforts

Target 20b:

Current version:Capacity (human resources and financing) for implementing the Convention has been increased tenfold

Suggested change:Each OECD Party contributes at least 0.2% of GDP to national biodiversity conservation measures in addition to 0.7% for development assistance

Linkages to the Programmes of Work

It is essential to ensure that targets for the Programmes of Work are aligned with the targets of the new CBD Strategic Plan

e.g. Global Strategy for Plant Conservation; Programme of Work on Protected Areas

Each Programme of Work should clearly state which targets it will contribute to in the Strategic Plan

All Programmes of Work to include specific targets

Development of post 2010 indicators to measure progress against targets

Choice of indicators will depend on the choice of targets – aparallel approachMeasurable and scalable: local, national, global levels

An informed electorate

Species Of The DayFor IYB; sponsored by UNEPSee www.iucnredlist.org

Top five points: Timescale: 2012 scrutinise progress; 2015 mid term review; 2020 Mission: Stop global

biodiversity loss by 2020- to reach 2050 VisionImportance of logical framework for targets and indicators: Pressure (Drivers and

Threats)—State—Benefits —Response Linkages between Strategic Plan and Programmes of Work Beyond the conservation community – an informed electorate Critical importance to establish targets that call for what is necessary – not business as

usual – OPTIMISTIC AND AMBITIOUS !

Russel presentation

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