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marika gogolaZe
giorgi mariamiZe
s a n o t a r o
s a m a r T a l i
I wigni
I gamocema
Tbilisi 2016
gamomcemloba `iuristebis samyaro~
yvela ufleba daculia. am wignis arc erTi nawili (es iqneba teqsti, foto-ilustracia Tu sxva) aranairi formiT da saSualebiT (iqneba es eleqtronuli Tu meqanikuri), ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas saavtoro uflebis mqone subieqtis werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe.
saavtoro uflebis darRveva isjeba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT.
© marika gogolaZe, 2016© giorgi mariamiZe, 2016
ISBN 978-9941-9477-2-8
gamomcemloba “iuristebis samyaro”
Tbilisi, m. kostavas #75; tel:. 2 38 35 99; 557 51 51 34
EEEE-mail: Lawyers.world@yahoo.com; https//www.facebook.com/PublishingHouselawyersworld
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winasityvaoba
qarTul damoukidebel notariats 1996 wlidan mieca
SesaZlebloba, ganviTarebuliyo da daemkvidrebina
adgili saerTaSoriso asparezze. am periodidan
dRemde etapobrivad iqmneboda qarTuli notariatis
maregulirebeli samarTlebrivi aqtebi, romlebic
sxvadasxva dros aris gamocemuli da maTSi araerTi
cvlilebaa Sesuli. swored am arsebiTi xasiaTis
cvlilebebma Seqmna aucilebloba, gamocemuliyo es
wigni, sadac didi yuradReba aqvs daTmobili
aqtebis SedarebiT analizs, arsebuli xarvezebis
ganxilvas, maTi gamosworebis gzebis dasaxvasa da
wignis avtorebis rekomendaciebs.
garda Teoriuli masalisa, wignSi mocemulia
praqtikuli magaliTebi da kazusebi, aseve, kazusebis
amoxsnis gzebi da variantebi. winamdebare gamocemaSi
ganxilulia notariatis sferosTan dakavSirebuli
iseTi samarTlebrivi sakiTxebic, romlebze pasuxsac
moqmedi kanonmdebloba pirdapir ar iZleva.
wigni gankuTvnilia momavali da moqmedi
notariusebisTvis, studentebisTvis, notariusTa
palatis staJiorebisTvis, zogadad iuristebisTvis da
nebismieri dainteresebuli pirisTvis. mkiTxvels
SesaZlebloba eqneba siRrmiseulad moaxdinos
„notariatis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis, „sanotaro
moqmedebaTa Sesrulebis wesis Sesaxeb“ instruqciis,
notariusTa palatis wesdebisa da sxva samarTlebrivi
aqtebis Seswavla da maTi praqtikaSi gamoyeneba.
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madlobas movaxsenebT wignis avtorebs, aseve, wignis
SeqmnaSi monawile yvela pirsa Tu kolegas, romelTa
ZalisxmeviTac aRniSnuli wignis gamocemisTvis
momzadeba da gamocema moxda.
saqarTvelos notariusTa palata
sarCevi
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sarCevi
Tavi I: laTinuri notariati .............................................................................. 13
1. laTinuri notariatis istoria ............................................................ 13
a) warmoSobis safuZvlebi ......................................................................... 13
b) romis imperia ..................................................................................................14
g) bizantiis imperia ........................................................................................16
d) saeklesio notariati .............................................................................. 18
e) “axali era” ........................................................................................................ 21
2. laTinuri notariati ..................................................................................... 24
a) zogadi mimoxilva ...................................................................................... 24
b) sanotaro instrumentebi ...................................................................... 26
g) laTinuri notariatis gavrcelebis farglebi ............... 26
3. saerTo samarTlis notariati (notary public) ............................ 27
a) zogadi mimoxilva ...................................................................................... 27
b) istoria ................................................................................................................ 30
g) Sedareba laTinur notariatTan .................................................. 34
4. laTinuri notariatis saerTaSoriso kavSiri ...................... 35
a) zogadad kavSiris Sesaxeb .................................................................. 35
b) kavSiris miznebi .......................................................................................... 38
g) kavSiris wevroba ......................................................................................... 39
d) kavSiris resursebi ...................................................................................41
e) kavSiris mmarTvelobiTi organoebi .......................................... 42
(1) kavSiris saerTo kreba ................................................. 42
(a) saerTo krebis Semadgenloba ............................................ 42
(b) saerTo krebis sxdomebi ........................................................ 43
(g) xmis micemis ufleba .................................................................. 43
sanotaro samarTali
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(d) saerTo krebis uflebamosileba .................................. 43
(2) kavSiris prezidenti ..................................................... 45
(3) kavSiris saorganizacio komiteti ............................ 46
(a) komitetis uflebebi da movaleobebi ....................... 46
(b) komitetis Semadgenloba ........................................................ 47
(g) komitetis krebebi ......................................................................... 48
(4) kavSiris generaluri sabWo ....................................... 48
(a) kavSiris generaluri sabWos ufleba-
movaleobani ................................................................................................. 48
(b) kavSiris generaluri sabWos Semadgenloba ..... 50
(g) kavSiris generaluri sabWos wevrebisa da
maTi Sesabamisi notariusTa palatebis
movaleobebi ................................................................................................. 50
(d) kavSiris generaluri sabWos krebebi ...................... 51
(5) kavSiris finansuri zedamxedvelobis
sabWo (CSF) ............................................................................ 52
(6) kavSiris aRmasrulebeli (oficialuri) pirebi ... 52
(7) notariusTa saerTaSoriso kongresi ....................... 54
v) saqarTvelos notariusTa palata rogorc kavSiris
wevri ............................................................................................................................. 54
z) kavSiris individualuri wevroba ............................................... 55
(1) ratom unda gaxde individualuri wevri? .............. 55
(2) vis SeuZlia gaxdes individualuri wevri? ........... 55
(3) ra dadebiTi mxareebi gaaCnia kavSiris
individualur wevrobas? .................................................. 56
(4) rogor unda gavxdeT kavSiris individualuri
wevri? ..................................................................................... 57
sarCevi
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(5) rodis wydeba kavSiris” individualuri wevroba?
................................................................................................. 58
T) laTinuri notariatis fundamenturi principebi ......... 58
(1) notariusebi da maTi funqcia .................................... 58
(2) sanotaro dokumentebi (aqtebi) ................................. 59
(3) sanotaro saqmianobis organizeba ............................ 60
(4) sanotaro eTika .............................................................. 61
i) sanotaro eTikis principebi ............................................................. 62
(1) profesiuli momzadeba ................................................ 62
(2) notariusis ofisi ......................................................... 62
(3) urTierToba kolegebTan da profesiul
kavSirebTan ........................................................................... 63
(4) jansaRi konkurencia .................................................... 64
(5) saqmianobis reklamireba.............................................. 65
(6) notariusis arCeviToba ................................................ 65
(7) sanotaro momsaxurebis (saqmianobis)
personaluri aspeqtebi ...................................................... 66
(8) konfidencialobis dacvis profesiuli
valdebuleba ........................................................................ 66
(9) damoukidebloba da miukerZoebloba ....................... 67
(10) keTilsindisiereba da pasuxismgebloba ............... 67
Tavi II: mmarTveloba da TviTmmarTveloba notariatSi .......... 69
1. saqarTvelos notariati ........................................................................ 74
a) zogadi mimoxilva ...................................................................................... 74
b) saqarTvelos notariusTa palata ............................................... 77
sanotaro samarTali
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g) saqarTvelos notariusTa palatis statusi da
uflebamosilebani ............................................................................................ 80
(1) sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris cneba .......... 82
(2) sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris
“specialuri uflebaunarianoba” .................................... 85
(3) uflebaunarianobis SeZena .......................................... 89
(4) notariusTa palatis uflebamosilebani ................ 91
d) notariusTa palatis wesdeba ......................................................... 95
(1) wesdebis mimRebi organo ............................................. 95
(2) notariusTa palatis wesdebis an masSi
Setanili cvlilebebisa Tu damatebebis ZalaSi
Sesvlis dro ...................................................................... 104
(3) notariusTa palatis wesdebis normebis gauqmeba
(Zaladakargulad gamocxadeba) an masSi
cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setana .......................... 106
(4) notariusTa palatis wesdeba, rogorc
normatiuli aqti ............................................................... 116
(5) wesdebis Sinaarsi ........................................................ 128
(6) notariusTa palatis wesdebis xelmowera da
ZalaSi Sesvla ................................................................... 135
(7) palatis wesdebis Zaladakargulad
gamocxadeba ........................................................................ 137
e) notariusTa palatis wevroba da sawevro
gadasaxadi ............................................................................................................. 140
(1) palatis wevris yovelTviuri sawevro
gadasaxadi ........................................................................... 140
sarCevi
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(2) sanotaro moqmedebis sanotaro reestrSi
registraciis safasuris gadaxdis
valdebuleba ...................................................................... 151
v) notariusTa palatis wevrTa saerTo kreba .......................153
(1) zogadi mimoxilva........................................................ 153
(2) palatis wevrTa saerTo krebis saxeebi ................ 158
(3) palatis wevrTa saerTo krebis
uflebaunarianoba ............................................................. 166
(4) palatis wevrTa saerTo krebis kompetencia ....... 168
(5) palatis wevrTa saerTo krebis sxdomebi da
sxdomis oqmi ...................................................................... 175
z) notariusTa palatis gamgeoba ..................................................... 176
(1) gamgeobis statusi da Semadgenloba ..................... 176
(2) gamgeobis kompetencia ................................................ 203
(3) gamgeobis Tavmjdomare da sxdomebi ...................... 212
(a) gamgeobis Tavmjdomare .......................................................... 212
(aa) gamgeobis Tavmjdomaris arCevis wesi ........... 212
(bb) gamgeobis Tavmjdomaris
uflebamosileba .............................................................................. 216
(gg) gamgeobis Tavmjdomaris
Semcvleli piri ............................................................................... 218
(dd) gamgeobis Tavmjdomaris
uflebamosilebis vadamde Sewyveta ........................... 219
(ee) gamgeobis Tavmjdomaris
gadawyvetileba ................................................................................. 219
(b) gamgeobis sxdomebi .................................................................... 219
(4) gamgeobis aparati ........................................................ 227
sanotaro samarTali
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(a) zogadi mimoxilva ....................................................................... 227
(b) akrZalvebi da valdebulebebi ...................................... 228
(g) gamgeobis aparatis struqtura .................................... 230
(d) palatis aRmasrulebeli direqtori ..................... 231
(e) palatis saswavlo centri ................................................. 235
(aa) saswavlo centris miznebi ........................................ 236
(bb) saswavlo centris funqciebi ................................. 237
(gg) saswavlo centris struqtura
da marTva ................................................................................................ 238
(v) gamgeobis aparatis wevrebis daniSvnisa
da gaTavisuflebis wesi ............................................................... 242
(aa) notariusTa palatis gamgeobis
sakonkurso-saatestacio komisia ................................... 243
(bb) konkursis Catarebis wesi
da pirobebi...........................................................................................244
(aaa) konkursi ...............................................................................244
(bbb) konkursis principebi ............................................. 245
(ggg) konkursis mizani da amocanebi ................... 245
(ddd) konkursis gamocxadeba ...................................... 246
(eee) konkursSi monawileobis
uflebis mqone pirebi .......................................................... 247
(vvv) dawesebulebis ufleba-movaleobani ....... 248
(zzz) kandidatis ufleba-movaleobani ............. 249
(TTT) konkursis Catarebis formebi
da pirobebi ..................................................................................... 249
(iii) komisiis saqmianoba ................................................... 250
(kkk) sapretenzio komisia ................................................ 251
sarCevi
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(lll) konkursis Sedegebis
gasaCivreba ....................................................................................... 252
(z) gamgeobis aparatis TanamSromelTa
Sromis anazRaureba .......................................................................... 255
(T) gamgeobis aparatis TanamSromelTa
disciplinuri pasuxismgebloba ........................................... 258
(aa) disciplinuri gadacdoma da
disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis zomebi .............. 258
(bb) disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis
moxsna ......................................................................................................... 263
(5) monacemebis gaxmaurebis akrZalva
(konfidencialuroba) ....................................................... 264
(6) palatis gamgeobis angariSvaldebuleba
iusticiis ministris winaSe ........................................... 264
(7) palatis warmomadgenlobiTi organo .................... 266
T) notariusTa palatis xelmZRvanelobis
valdebuleba da saCivrebi ..................................................................... 270
i) notariusTa palatis safinanso-sarevizio
komisia ...................................................................................................................... 271
(1) safinanso-sarevizio komisiis funqcia da valdebulebani ................................................................... 271
(2) safinanso-sarevizio komisiis arCevis wesi da Semadgenloba ............................................................... 272
(3) safinanso-sarevizio komisiis muSaobis wesi ....................................................................................... 275
(4) . safinanso-sarevizio komisiis angariSvaldebuleba ............................................................................. 277
k) notariusTa palatis eTikis (disciplinuri)
komisia ...................................................................................................................... 278
sanotaro samarTali
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l) notariusTa palatis xarjTaRricxva
(biujeti) ................................................................................................................. 279
(1) biujetis damtkiceba ................................................... 279
(2) biujeti .......................................................................... 280
(3) saqarTvelos notariusTa solidarobis
fondi ................................................................................... 282
(4) notariusTa palatis sapensio fondi .................... 284
(5) notariusTa palatis gamgeobis fondi ................. 286
(6) notariusTa palatis gamgeobis
pasuxismgebloba ................................................................ 286
m) notariusTa palatis angariSvaldebuleba
da saxelmwifo kontroli ...................................................................... 290
n) notariusTa palatis saqmianobis Sewyveta
da likvidacia .................................................................................................... 321
(1) notariusTa palatis saqmianobis Sewyveta ........... 321
(2) notariusTa palatis likvidacia ............................ 323
2. Seswavlili masalis gameoreba .......................................................... 327
a) qvizi: ............................................................................... 327
b) kiTxvebi: ......................................................................... 329
g) qvizisa da kiTxvebis pasuxebi .................................... 329
Tavi I: laTinuri notariati
13
Tavi I: laTinuri notariati
1. laTinuri notariatis istoria
a) warmoSobis safuZvlebi
e.w. “mwerlebi” (aRmwerelni) mas Semdeg arseboben, rac istoriis aRwera werilobiTi saxiT daiwyo, Tum-
ca “notariulad damowmebis” (notary’s authentication) xer-xebi pirvelad babilonSi gamoigones, rodesac saval-debulo gaxda xelmowerebisa da sxvadasxva niSnis
datana Tixis firfitebze. egvipteSi “papirusisa” da
“kalmis” gamogonebam meti formalizmi SesZina doku-
mentebs da specializirebuli e.w. “notarius-mwerlebis” arseboba ganapiroba, romelTac “seS en pero” (“faraonis mwerali”) ewodebodaT.1 ptolemes2
xanis “agoranomosebma” 3 safuZveli Cauyares “damow-
mebis xelovnebas” mowmeebis savaldebulo daswrebis gareSe. uZvelesi xanis israelSic arsebobda analo-
giuri funqciis mqone “notarius-mwerlis” Tanamdeboba, romelsac “soferi” ewodeboda. berZnul qalaq-saxelmwifoebSi, TiTqmis yvelgan, saxelmwifoebri-vi instrumentebi, anu saxelmwifoebrivi aqtebi da sa-kuTrebis gadaformebis (registraciis) dokumentebi, oficialur reestrebSi (official registers) inaxeboda da
1 Janet H. Johnson, Ptolemaic Bureaucracy from an Egyptian Point of View,
142-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_law_notary 2 ptoleme – aleqsandriaSi moRvawe egviptel-berZeni mwerali -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy 3 agoranomosi - arCevadi oficialuri Tanamdeboba antikur saberZ-neTSi da bizantiis imperiaSi, romlebic bazrebze wesrigs akon-
trolebdnen, anu, e.w. “bazris mayurebeli”, romelTa uflebamosi-lebaSic, bevr sxva uflebasTan erTad, Sedioda garkveuli saxis prouqtebze fasebis dadgena, produqtebis da maTi wonis, aseve sasworebis serTificireba, da amasTan, qalaqebis xorbliT moma-rageba - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agoranomos
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sanotaro samarTali
14
SemuSavebuli iyo “mnemonebis” (mwerlebis) mier (cno-
bilni aseve rogorc: “basiliki ipografi” (“mefis
mwerlebi”)), romlebic garkveul olqebze iyvnen mi-magrebulni da romelTa aqtebmac mowmeTa zepiri Cve-nebebi Caanacvla.4
gviani antikuri xanis bizantiis imperiaSi impera-
toris karze (am kaiserlichen Büros) arsebobda, rogorc
“saxelmwifo mwerlis” (Amt des Staatsschreibers), ufro
zustad ki, e.w. “sakancelario Cinovnikis” (Kanzleibeamten) Tanamdeboba (Tan. berZ.: notarios; laTin.: notarius), ise “sasamarTlo mwerlisa” da “saTemo mwer-lis” Tanamdebobebi (Tan. berZ.: taboularios; laTin.: tabu-
larius). AqalaqebSi arsebul profesiul gaerTianebebSi muSaobdnen daxelovnebuli ”aqtebis Semdgenelni” (Tan. berZ: symbolaiographos; laTin.: tabellio) romelTa mi-siasac kerZo pirTaTvis mowmeebis TandaswrebiT aqte-bis (cnobebis) Sedgena (Urkunden vor Zeugen für Private aus-
zustellen) warmoadgenda. swored aRniSnul tradicias efuZneba adreuli Suasaukuneebis bizantiuri nota-riati, romelic italiis bizantiur nawilzec (mag.: veneciaSic) vrceldeboda.5
b) romis imperia
romSi “mwerlebi” (scribae) moRvaweobdnen rogorc
“sasamarTlos mdivnebi” da dokumentebis “gadamwerni”
(aslebis gamkeTebelni), maSin, rodesac “notariusi” (notarius) axdenda procesebze nakarnaxevis, aseve, gan-cxadebebis (Setyobinebebis) (notae) mokled Cawerasa da
Sejamebas. sxvadasxva tipis “notariusebi” arsebobdnen,
4 Alain Moreau, Le Notaire dans la société française : d'hier à demain, 2nd edn.
(Paris: Economica, 1999), 31. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_law_notary 5 http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notar
2
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Tavi I: laTinuri notariati
15
kerZod: zogi procesebis Caweras axdenda, sxvebi sa-xelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis dokumentebis gadaweras axorcielebdnen (transcribed state papers), iyvnen iseTebic,
romlebic “magistrat mosamarTleebs” (magistrates) sa-marTlebrivi dokumentebis formebiT amaragebdnen an sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebisa da dekretebis (gan-kargulebebis) aRweras (registracias) axdendnen (some
supplied magistrates with legal forms, and others registered judgements
and decrees). iyvnen iseTi “notariusebic”, romlebic mxolod saqmeebis aRweras, anderZebisa da sakuTrebis gadasvlis dokumentebis Sedgenas axdendnen da Semdeg eseni saqmis ganmxilveli magistrati mosamarTlis wi-naSe iluqeboda da xdeboda maTze sasamarTlos beW-dis dasma, riTac isini oficialuri da sarwmuno do-kumentis (public and probative acts) Zalas iZenda. amisgan gansxvavebiT, dokumentebis umravlesoba araoficia-luri saxiT (private form) dgeboda. gamonaklisis saxiT
arsebobdnen, aseve, “notariusebi” (exceptor), romlebic
“oficialuri klerkis” (mwerlis) statusiT (official
clerk) mimagrebulni iyvnen yvela biurosa Tu sasamar-TloSi da maTi daswreba savaldebulo iyo sabWoebis yvela municipalur Sexvedraze (required at all municipal
meetings of curiae).6
gvian romaul periodSi “notariusebi” gvevlinebian
“registratorebad” (registrars), romlebic mimagrebulni iyvnen provincieli gubernatorebis sasamarTloebze (attached to the courts of provincial governors), imperatoris mdivnebze, aseve, mrCevelTa sabWosa da saimperatoro kancelariis umaRlesi rangis oficialuri pirebis mdivnebze. eklesiebSi maT episkoposebisa da monastre-bis administraciuli mdivnebis Tanamdeboba ekavaT da
6 Joseph P. Byrne, "Notaries", in Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia, vol. 2: L–Z, Christo-
pher Kleinhenz, ed. (London: Routledge, 2003), 780. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_law_notary
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sanotaro samarTali
16
rogorc “korespondentebi”7 mniSvnelovan rols Tama-Sobdnen III-IV saukuneebSi gaCaRebul doqtrinalur
brZolaSi. mogvianebiT konstantine didma8 “notarius-
Ta momzadebis institutic” ki (scholae of notaries) Seqmna episkoposebisa da maTi sasamarTloebisTvis.9
g) bizantiis imperia
aRmosavleTSi “tabulariusebi” (tabularius), romle-
bic “simbolaiografosebad” (symbolaiographos) iwode-
bodnen da “iuristebi” (juris), romelTac “nomikosebi” (nomikos) ewodebodaT, ganagrZobdnen dominirebas. es procesi garkveulwilad rom SeeCerebina, imperatorma iustinianem10 axali (kodificirebuli) prevenciuli zomebi SemoiRo dokumentebisTvis sarwmuno Zalis (document probativity) misaniWeblad. aseTi zomebi iyo mag.:
saWiro gaxda “tabelios” (tabellio) savaldebulo daswreba dokumentis damowmebisa da mowmeTa vi-naobis fiqsirebisTvis;11
savaldebulo gaxda mowmeebis daswreba da maTi xelmowerebis savaldebulo datana xelmosawer (dasamowmebel) aqtebze;12
TariRebis datana mefeebisa Tu konsulebis mmar-Tvelobis an maTi xelisuflebaSi mosvlis peri-odebis mixedviT;13
7 pirovneba, romelsac werilebis weris funqcia akisria.
8 romis omperatori Cveni welTaRricxvis 306-337 wlebSi.
9 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_law_notary
10 bizantiis (aRmosavleT romis) imperatori Cveni welTaRricxvis
527-565 wlebSi. 11
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_law_notary 12
ix. iqve. 13
ix. iqve.
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Tavi I: laTinuri notariati
17
“eskaTokolis”14 damateba, romliTac “tabelios” (aqtis Semdgenis) pasuxismgeblobis xarisxi izrde-boda dokumentis Seqmnisas;15
dokumentis Seqmnamde misi teqstis mosamarTlis winaSe wakiTxva.16
zemoaRniSnuli zomebidan zogierTis ganxorciele-
ba SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda da “administratorebis” (anu, zedamxedveli da ganmaxorcielebi pirebis) naklebobi-sa da imperiis teritoriebis naxevris dakargvis gamo
(VII saukuneSi), notariusebi “saqalaqo fenomenebad” (urban phenomenon) gadaiqcnen, praqtikuli gamocdilebis dabali standartiT. Tumca, isini mainc rCebodnen ma-Rali rangis iuristebad da mniSvnelovan rgolad sa-samarTlo da samarTlebriv procesebSi, radganac im
droisaTvis “germanuli tipis” zepiri procedurebi ucnobi iyo da jer kidev SenarCunebuli iyo dokumen-tebis legalizaciis romauli tradiciebi. VI saukunis Sua xanebidan gasuli wlebis samarTlebrivi dokumen-tebis udides nawils kanonis Zala mieniWa da am faq-tma maTi farTod gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba Seqmna. Sedegad, amiT, erTi mxriv, sasamarTlo moxeleebis (law court officials) mniSvneloba Semcirda, iseve, rogorc iklo samarTebrivi davebis regularul samoqalaqo sasamarTloebSi warmoebis interesma, xolo meore mxriv, aman farTod gauxsna gza, SedarebiT dabal fa-
14
nawarmoebia berZn. sityvisgan ―eschaton‖ da niSnavda “daskvniT oqms” (closing protocol), romliTac sruldeboda yvela oficialuri (klasikuri) sajaro Tu samarTlebrivi dokumentis Sedgena Sua-saukuneebSi. “eskaTokoli”, rogorc wesi, moicavda iseT komponen-tebs, rogoricaa mag.: ficis teqsti, xelmowerebi, xelmoweris dro da adgili, xelomwerTa vinaoba, xelmomwerTa Tanamdeboba da a.S. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eschatocol 15
ix. iqve. 16
ix. iqve.
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