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©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Science Teaching Junkie
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Thank you for your purchase. I hope you enjoy the Force and Motion for Interactive Science Notebooks! It includes 30 pages of foldables and flippables for student notebooks. Many pages also include a Teacher Answer Key. Please don’t hesitate to contact me with
any questions, comments or concerns. My email: shayna_rose@yahoo.com Science Teaching Junkie blog: www.TeachingJunkie.blogspot.com Teachers Pay Teachers Store: www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Science-Teaching-Junkie
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Admit and Exit Tickets
3 2 1 things I learned things that were
surprising question I still
have
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Force
What is force? How is it
measured?
What 2 things does
every force have?
How can forces
affect an object?
Describe and give examples of:
Balanced Forces Unbalanced Forces
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Motion Represented Graphically
Show how the motion is graphically represented (include units for both the distance and the time). On the back, give a real-world example of the motion and add any additional description (optional).
No movement - At rest
Dis
tance
Time
Constant speed
Dis
tance
Time
Positive Acceleration
Dis
tance
Time
Negative Acceleration
Dis
tance
Time
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Force Ne
t For
ce =
____
___
____
___
__
Net F
orce
= __
____
___
___
____
Ne
t For
ce =
____
___
____
___
__
Net F
orce
= __
____
___
___
____
Ne
t For
ce =
____
___
____
___
__
Net F
orce
= __
____
___
___
____
3N
3N
3N
2N
5N
6N
5N
Net F
orce
= __
____
___
___
____
5N
4N
3N
4N
4N
3N
6N
COMB
ININ
G FO
RCES
De
term
ine th
e net
forc
e (s
ize an
d dire
ction
)
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Newton’s Laws
Third Law of Motion - Law of Action—Reaction
Second Law of Motion - Law of Force & Acceleration
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Cut out each rectangle. Stack on top of each other, slightly raising each one so that the law title shows. Glue in notebook.
First Law of Motion - Law of Inertia
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Inertia
Inertia
Example
Non-Example
Illustration
Definition/Description
The center square may be cut out completely and glued into the notebook to become the center of the template; or only 3 sides of the square may be cut, leaving it attached to one of the tabs.
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Inertia
Explain Newton’s First Law in terms of why we wear seatbelts.
You
are
driv
ing
dow
n th
e ro
ad a
t 50
mile
s pe
r ho
ur.
Wha
t for
ces
are
pres
ent?
Wha
t has
iner
tia?
What will happen?
Why? Law
of
Iner
tia
What is the relationship
between inertia and
mass?
You suddenly slam on the brakes to avoid a deer.
Explain what happens to y
our body and why. W
hy do w
e wear seatbelts?
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
How
well
do I
underst
and N
ew
ton’s
Second L
aw
: Law
of F
orce a
nd A
ccele
rati
on?
A toy car pulled by a little boy has an acceleration of
3.0 m/s2. What is the mass of the car if the net force on the car is
10 N? Show your work.
Why is it harder to throw a bowling ball than
it is to throw a baseball?
Explain the relationship between force, mass
and acceleration.
Newton's Second Law of Motion: Law of Force and Acceleration
Second Law of Motion
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Newton's Third Law of Motion: Law of Action-Reaction
Action Desc
ribe
the
forc
e pa
irs
pres
ent w
hen
a ro
cket
laun
ches
.
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Newton's Third Law of Motion: Law of Action-Reaction
What do I understand about… Newton's Third Law of Motion:
Law of Action–Reaction?
Question 1
How does the third law help a swimmer swim through the water?
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Newton's Third Law of Motion: Law of Action-Reaction
If force pairs are always opposite, explain why they don’t always cancel each other out.
Question 3
Describe the action and reaction forces at work when a volleyball player serves the ball.
Question 2
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Newton's Third Law of Motion: Law of Action-Reaction
There are many forces that we can’t see acting on objects all the time. List as many “invisible” forces as you can.
Question 4
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Newton’s Laws at Work
Second Law
at Work
Describe a play in your favorite
sport.
First Law at Work
Newton at Work in Sports
New
ton at Work in Sp
orts N
ewto
n at
Wor
k in
Sp
orts
Newton at Work in Sports
Third Law at Work
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Defi
ne, giv
e e
xam
ple
s &
unit
s fo
r each
Speed, Velocity, & Acceleration
Speed
Acceleration
Velocity
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Physical Science Equations
Equation in symbols:
F = m · a Equation in words:
SI Units of Measurement:
meters per second,
m/s (speed) meters, m (distance) seconds, s (time)
SI Units of Measurement:
joules, J (work) newtons, N (force) meters, m (distance)
Equation in symbols: W = m · g
Equation in words:
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Calculating Work C
alc
ula
ting
Work,
Force &
Dis
tance
A f
orc
e o
f 10
0
New
tons
was
necess
ary
to lif
t a r
ock. A
tota
l of
150
joule
s of
work
was
done.
How
far
was
the
rock lif
ted?
If A
rnold
lif
ts t
he
weig
ht
bar
5
mete
rs a
nd d
oes
60
jo
ule
s of
work
, how
m
uch d
oes
the b
ar
weig
h?
(H
int:
The
weig
ht
of
an o
bje
ct
is
consi
dere
d t
o b
e a
fo
rce.)
Imagin
e t
hat
you
push
a larg
e b
ox
wit
h a
forc
e o
f 10
N
ew
tons,
but
because
the b
ox is
so h
eavy,
it
doesn
’t b
udge.
How
much w
ork
have
you
done?
Imagin
e t
hat
you
push
that
sam
e
box w
ith a
forc
e
of
30
New
tons
over
a d
ista
nce
of
2 m
ete
rs.
How
much w
ork
have y
ou d
one?
Work
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Force - KEY
A force is a push or pull. It is
measured in units called Newtons (N).
Every force has
a magnitude (strength)
and a direction.
Forces can set a stationary object in motion, change a
moving object’s speed and/or direction, or act on a stationary object by changing it’s shape. (like when you sit on an inner tube and the sides
bulge out).
Describe and give examples of:
Balanced Forces Unbalanced Forces
These forces cause no change in motion. And object that is moving will maintain its speed and direction if balanced forces are acting on it. An object that is not moving will stay motionless. Ex: A book on a table will stay at rest.
These forces cause a change in the motion of an object. A motionless object will begin to move, while an object that is already moving will change its speed and/or direction Ex: A ball rolling on the ground will come to rest because friction between the ball and the ground creates an unbalanced force.
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Motion Represented Graphically
Show how the motion is graphically represented (include units for both the distance and the time). On the back, give a real-world example of the motion and add any additional description (optional).
No movement - At rest
Dis
tance
Time
Constant speed
Dis
tance
Time
Positive Acceleration
Dis
tance
Time
Negative Acceleration
Dis
tance
Time
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Force Ne
t For
ce =
9N
; rig
ht
Net F
orce
= 0
N; n
o m
o-
Net F
orce
= 3
N; r
igh
t
Net F
orce
= 1
N; r
igh
t Ne
t For
ce =
8N
; rig
ht
Net F
orce
= 0
N; n
o m
o-
3N
3N
3N
2N
5N
6N
5N
Net F
orce
= 9
N; u
p
5N
4N
3N
4N
4N
3N
6N
COMB
ININ
G FO
RCES
De
term
ine th
e net
forc
e (s
ize an
d dire
ction
)
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Newton’s Laws
Third Law of Motion - Law of Action—Reaction
Second Law of Motion - Law of Force & Acceleration
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Cut out each rectangle. Stack on top of each other, slightly raising each one so that the law title shows. Glue in notebook.
First Law of Motion - Law of Inertia
An object at rest will stay at rest and an object in
motion will stay in motion at a constant velocity (same speed and same direction) unless acted upon by an
unbalanced (outside) force.
The acceleration of an object by a force is
inversely proportional to the mass of the object and directly proportional to the
force.
F= ma
For every action, there is an equal
but opposite reaction. Forces
come in pairs.
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Inertia
Inertia
It is harder to push an
elephant than to push a ladybug.
Accept all reasonable responses
The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion.
The greater an object’s mass, the greater its inertia and the larger the force needed to
overcome the inertia.
The center square may be cut out completely and glued into the notebook to become the center of the template; or only 3 sides of the square may be cut, leaving it attached to one of the tabs.
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Inertia
Explain Newton’s First Law in terms of why we wear seatbelts.
Ever
ythi
ng in
the
car,
inclu
ding
the
driv
er, a
re tr
avel
ing
at a
spe
ed o
f 50
mph
. Th
e tir
es a
re p
ushi
ng b
ack
on
the
road
, whi
le th
e ro
ad p
ushe
s th
e tir
es f
orw
ard.
What will happen?
Why?
Law
of
Iner
tia The great-
er the mass, the greater
the inertia.
The card will fly away and the coin will fall into the cup.
This will happen because Newton’s First Law states that an object at rest will remain at rest, unless an unbalanced force acts upon it. In this case, everything is at rest until your finger flicks the card. If the force is great enough, only the card will go flying (and not the coin) because the card is the only thing that received the force. Note: If the force applied to the card is not great enough, the friction between the card and the coin will be greater causing both objects to move together.
When you slam
on the brakes, your body and everything in the car continues to travel straight dow
n the road at a speed of 50 mph. This
is why w
e wear seatbelts. The seatbelt is intended to stop the forw
ad m
otion of your body, so that you don’t go flying through the w
indshield.
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
How
well
do I
underst
and N
ew
ton’s
Second L
aw
: Law
of F
orce a
nd A
ccele
rati
on?
m = F ÷ a m = 10N ÷ 3.0 m/s2 m = 3.3 kg
Because a bowling ball has more mass, it also has more inertia. Therefore, it takes
more force to overcome the inertia of the
bowling ball than the baseball.
The acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to the mass of the object meaning that as one increases, the other decreases by the same ratio. (Ex: The greater the mass of
an object, the less acceleration it will have (assuming the force remains the same). The acceleration of an object is directly
proportional to the force which means that as one increases, the other increases. (ex: The harder you throw a ball, the greater the
acceleration.)
Newton's Second Law of Motion: Law of Force and Acceleration
A given force exerted on a small mass
produces a greater acceleration than the same
force exerted on a large mass.
Second Law of Motion
Teacher note: Fold this flap down
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Newton's Third Law of Motion: Law of Action-Reaction
Action Desc
ribe
the
forc
e pa
irs
pres
ent w
hen
a ro
cket
laun
ches
.
the combustion products from the burning
propellants accelerate rapidly out of the engine
downwards (Rocket pushes gases
downward.)
The rocket, in turn, is forced skyward and slowly accelerates.
(Gases push the rocket upward.)
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Newton's Third Law of Motion: Law of Action-Reaction
What do I understand about… Newton's Third Law of Motion:
Law of Action–Reaction?
Question 1
How does the third law help a swimmer swim through the water? As the swimmer pushes the water backwards, the water pushes the swimmer forwards.
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Newton's Third Law of Motion: Law of Action-Reaction
Question 3
If force pairs are always opposite, explain why they don’t always cancel each other out. The reason is that action and reaction forces act on dif-ferent objects. For example, think about throwing a ball. When you throw a ball, you apply the action force to the ball, creating the ball’s acceleration. The reaction is the ball pushing back against your hand. The action acts on the ball and the reaction acts on your hand. The forces do not cancel because they act on different objects. You can only cancel forces if they act on the same object
Describe the action and reaction forces at work when a volleyball player serves the ball. As the player’s hand pushes forward on the ball, the ball pushes back on her hand.
Question 2
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Newton's Third Law of Motion: Law of Action-Reaction
There are many forces that we can’t see acting on objects all the time. List as many “invisible” forces as you can. Gravity, friction, air resistance, magnetism
Question 4
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Defi
ne, giv
e e
xam
ple
s &
unit
s fo
r each
Speed, Velocity, & Acceleration
Distance traveled
by an object in a
given amount of time
Change in an object’s speed or direction (its
velocity) over time. If an object is speeding
up, slowing down, or changing direction, it is
accelerating. Scientists refer to speeding
up as positive acceleration and slowing
down as negative acceleration.
An object’s speed and
direction at a given
instant (ex: the car is
traveling 50 m/s north.)
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Physical Science Equations
Equation in symbols:
F = m · a Equation in words:
Force equals mass times acceleration
SI Units of Measurement:
meters per second,
m/s (speed) meters, m (distance) seconds, s (time)
SI Units of Measurement:
joules, J (work) newtons, N (force) meters, m (distance)
Equation in symbols: W = m · g
Equation in words:
Weight equals mass times acceleration due to gravity
SI Units of Measurement:
Newtons, N (force) Kilograms, kg (mass) meters per second
squared, m/s2 (acceleration)
Equation in symbols:
s = d ÷ t Equation in words:
Speed equals distance divided by time
Equation in symbols:
W = F · d Equation in words:
Work equals force times distance
SI Units of Measurement:
Newtons, N (weight) Kilograms, kg (mass) meters per second
squared, m/s2 (acceleration)
©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com
Calculating Work C
alc
ula
ting
Work,
Force &
Dis
tance
D =
W ÷
f
D =
150
J ×
10
0 N
D
= 1
5,0
00
m
You h
aven’t
done a
ny
work
(0
joule
s). In
ord
er
for
work
to b
e
done, a f
orc
e m
ust
be
applied t
o a
n o
bje
ct
and t
he o
bje
ct
must
m
ove a
dis
tance.
W =
F ×
d
W =
30
N ×
2 m
W
= 6
0 J
oule
s
F
= W
÷ d
F
= 6
0J ÷
5 m
F
= 1
2 N
or
2.7
pounds
(There
are
4.4
48 N
in
one p
ound)
Work
Work is accomplished when force is applied to an object and the object moves a distance. Work is measured in newton-meters, more commonly called joules (J).