Scrapbook Science

Form 3

Human Blood

Muhammad Khairuzzaman Bin Kassim

3 USM

2015

Objective State the constituents of blood and their functions.

State the blood groups.

Match the blood group of the donor with its compatible receipient.

Justify the importance of blood donation.

Describe how donated blood is stored and handled.

Information collected

Constituents of the blood and their functions

The blood groups The blood groups of the

donors and the recipients Importance of blood

donation The storage and handling of

donated blood

Constituent of the blood

And its Functions

CellsThree type of cell contain in the blood :

Red blood cell : contains haemoglobin and distribute oxygen.

White blood cell : part of human’s immune system, destroy and remove old or aberrant cells and cellular debris, as well as attack infectious agents (pathogens) and foreign

substances. Can cause leukemia.

Platelets : take part in blood clotting (coagulation). Fibrin from the coagulation cascade creates a mesh over the platelet plug.

Plasma55% of blood is plasma

Straw-yellow in color.An aqueous solution containing 92% water, 8% blood plasma proteins, and trace amounts of other materials.

Plasma circulates dissolved nutrients, such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids

and removes waste products, such as carbon dioxide, urea, and lactic acid.

Blood Groups

Blood group is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells.

These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system.

Some of these antigens are also present on the surface of other types of cells of various tissues.

Several of these red blood cell surface antigens can stem from one allele (or very

closely linked genes) and collectively form a blood group system.

Blood types are inherited and represent contributions from both parents.

Red blood cell compatibility

Blood group AB

Blood group AB individuals have both A and B antigens on the surface of their RBCs, and their blood plasma does not contain any antibodies against either A or B antigen.

An individual with type AB blood can receive blood from any group (with AB being

preferable), but cannot donate blood to any group other than AB.

They are known as universal recipients.

Blood group a

Blood group A individuals have the A antigen on the surface of their RBCs, and blood serum containing

IgM antibodies against the B antigen.

A group A individual can receive blood only from individuals of groups A or O (with A being preferable), and can donate blood to individuals with type A or AB.

Blood group b

Blood group B individuals have the B antigen on the surface of their RBCs, and blood serum containing IgM antibodies against the A antigen.

A group B individual can receive blood only from individuals of groups B or O (with B being preferable), and

can donate blood to individuals with type B or AB.

Blood group o

Blood group O individuals do not have either A or B antigens on the surface of their RBCs, and their blood

serum contains IgM anti-A and anti-B antibodies against the A and B blood group antigens.

A group O individual can receive blood only from a group O individual, but can donate blood to individuals of any ABO blood group (i.e., A, B, O or AB).

Recipient

DonorO-

O+

A-

A+

B-

B+

AB-

AB+

O-O+A-A+

B-B+AB-AB+

Importance of blood donation

A blood donation occurs when a person voluntarily has blood drawn and used for transfusions and/or made into biopharmaceutical medications by a process called fractionation (separation of whole-blood components).

Donation may be of whole blood or of specific components directly.

Blood banks participate in the collection process as well as the procedures that follow it.

The only way to obtain blood is through donation.

Each donation helps up to three people- provides three different blood component that help different patients.

Transfusions of blood and blood components have become an essential part of healthcare. The increase in life expectancy and the essential and ongoing needs of certain patients suffering diseases that were previously considered to be incurable, mean that the demand for blood continues to grow.

Storage and handling donated blood

Blood and its component :Red blood cell concentrates can be stored for 48 hours.

Plasma can be stored for a year.

Platelets can be kept for five days.

The temperature the blood component is stored:Red blood cell : 1 – 6 Celsius

Plasma : -18 Celsius or colder

Platelets : 20 – 24 Celsius

Conclusion

Blood is important to our body.

It transport oxygen, digested food and

water.

It also transport waste products such as urea,

mineral salts and excess water.

Blood donation is essential as blood has

no substitute.

Reference

Sources

TeacherTextbook Form 3

Reference Book ( SPS )

Internet ( Wikipedia )