AcknowledgementI _____________, very thankful to the Almighty Allah

because of the grace and mercy to me to complete this Science folio entitled Classification of Animals without facing any problems.

I would like to express my thanks and appreciation to my teacher,__________________, who never tired of providing me with encouragement and guidance on how to make a review according to the criteria set. She also helped me to check the data, reports and rebuke me so that I will achieve good results and excellent research.

In addition, I also want to wish thanks to both of my parents,_________________ and ______________, who helped to prepare this work. Without their support, I probably could not finish this work. This is because this folio requires energy, ideas and money to finish it.

Not to forget, my fellow friends,_____________________________________, who had helped me to complete this folio. They had also corrected my spelling errors and channelled the appropriate information for the preparation of this scrapbook smoothly.

Classification of AnimalsClassification of animal is the grouping of objects into sets

according to one or more common properties or characteristic. Common characteristics are characteristics that are possessed by two or more types of species. Common characteristics in animals include methods of reproduction, types of food, habitats and physical features. Scientific have classified living organism into different major groups and subgroups to make it easier to study living organisms in more systematic manner. The classification is based on common characteristics and distinctive features such as their structures, development and life style.

Classification of OrganismsA classification system is required to group living things

methodically because of their large number and types. Living organism is classified into two groups; animals and plant kingdoms. Animal kingdom is classified into two groups to make it easier. The two groups are vertebrates and invertebrates. Vertebrates are animals that have backbones whereas invertebrates are animals that without backbones. They possess common characteristics which differentiate them from other species. Classification is important to enable more in-depth scientific studies to be carried out for the improvement of the species themselves.

Introduction

Objective• To classify various animals based on the common characteristic• To classify vertebrates into five groups and invertebrates into two groups• To study the characteristic of each of vertebrates and invertebrates• To understand move about the living things such as vertebrates and invertebrates

Vertebrates(with backbones)

Mammals

Birds

Reptiles

Fish

Amphibians

Invertebrates(without backbones)

With jointed legs

Without jointed legs

Classification of Animals

Mammals

Warm-blooded animals

Giving birth

except duck-billed platypus,

spiny anteater and scaly anteater

External fertilization

Live on land

Covered with hair or

fur

Fed their young with

milk produced

by the mother’s

mammary glands

Breathe using lungs

Reptiles

Cold-blooded animals

Covered with dry

and scaly skin

Internal fertilization

Live in water and

on landLay eggs

Have two pairs of limbs

except snakes

Breathe using lungs

Birds

Warm-bloode

d animal

sBreathe using lungs

Live on land

Internal

fertilization

Lay eggs with

shells

Have beaks and

wings

Covered with

fur

Fish

Cold-blooded animals

Breathe through

gills

External fertilization

Live in water

Lay eggs except sharks

Bodies are streamlined

Have fins and tails

Covered with hard protective

scales

amphibians

Young: Breathe through

gills

Cold-blooded animals

Adult: Breath through

lungs and loose moist

skin

Covered with

smooth and moist

skin

Have two pairs of limbs Lay jelly-

covered eggs

without shells

Live on land and in

water

External fertilization

With jointed

legs

Have segmented

bodies

Have differing numbers of

legs; 6 pairs, 8 pairs and more than 8

pairs

Have a hard skin on the

outside called exoskeleton

With 6 legs

With 8 legs

With more than 8 legs

Without jointed

legs

Worm-like – Some have segmented bodies

Non-worm-like – Some have shells

Worm-like

Non-worm-like

Vertebrates• There are about 47 000 kinds of vertebrates.• Vertebrates is classified into five smaller groups; fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.• Some of the common characteristics used in classifying vertebrates are: - Habitats- Body temperatures- Types of movement- The outer covering of bodies- Types of respiration that take place- Reproductive methodInvertebrates• Invertebrates account for more than 90% of the species in the animal kingdom.• Many of the invertebrates are small in size and have simple body structures. They cannot grow too big because they do not have a backbone to support their weight.• This group includes insects, scorpions, molluscs, worms, crabs and prawns.• Invertebrates may be broadly divided into those with jointed legs and those without jointed legs

Discussion

ConclusionI would like to thank my Science

teacher for her guidance. I also would not forget my friends that had given me enough support that I need. Thank you once more.

By doing this scrapbook, I know more about classification of animals. Other than that, I also know how to classify various animals based on their common characteristics. In conclusion, I have learned a lot of about classification of animals by doing the scrapbook.

References• Science Textbook Form 2 Volume 1 Tho Lai Hoong and Hasnah Binti Abu Samah, Science Form 2, Selangor: Sasbadi SDN. BHD• Longman Essential Science PMR Yeap Tok Kheng, Science PMR, Selangor: PEARSON MALAYSIA SDN. BHD• SUCCESS Science PMR Ooi Soi Tai, Science PMR, Selangor: OXFORD FAJAR SDN. BHD•Internet