THE SECONDARY SECTOR: INDUSTRY María Jesús Campos Fernández. learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com

Secondary Sector

Industry

Construction

Industry

Industry Definition Historical development of industry Elements of the Industrial Process Types of Industry:

Base industry Capital goods industries Consumer goods industries Volume of raw materials: Light /Heavy Industry Number of employees: small, medium, large

Factors for industry location Traditional factors Current factors

Industrial Areas: Original, Modern, New Industrial Areas Environmental Problems Spain

Historical Development of Industry

First In

dustrial Revolution

• 18th century

• Energy: Coal

• Types of Industries: Metal and Textile

• Countries: United Kingdom; USA; France; Germany

Second In

dustrial Revolution

• 1870-1970• Energy: Oil and

electricity• Types of

Industries: Automobile, Chemicals, Iron and Steel, Household Appliance Industries.

• Innovations: Combustion Engine; Assembly Line Production

• Countries: Japan and Russia

Informati

on and Aut

omation Rev

olution

• 20th-21st century

• Energy: Oil, Nuclear Energy, New Reneawable Energy.

• Industries: Electronics, Information, Technology, Biotechnology

• Innovations: Automation, Telecommunications, the Internet.

First Industrial Revolution

Second Industrial Revolution

Third Industrial Revolution

Elements of Industry

•Natural resources or intermediate products are the raw materials that industry transforms into usable productsRaw materials and sources of

energy

•Labour is required to produce goods. Employees earn a salary in return for their work.Workforce

•Equipment, materials needed and skills required to manufacture a productTechnology

•Financing and investment. The retail price of a product has to be higher than production costs in order to generate profits and cover investment.Capital

Investment

•To guarantee that these elements function efficiently and ensure that high-quality goods are produced that can be sold at competitive prices

Management

Raw Materials and Sources of Energy

Workforce Unskilled Semiskilled Highskilled

Technology

Capital Investment

Management

Types of Industry: According to the origin of materials and the end user of a product

Base Industries:- Raw materials

into energy- Raw materials into half-finished

products for other industries

Capital Goods

Industries:- Second changes

to prepare products to supply

tools to other industries

(machinery, electrical

equipment, electronics, information

technology…)

Consumer Goods

Industries:- Products to be

sold directly to the consumer

(pharmaceutical, textile, footwear, food industries…)

Base Industries

Capital Goods Industries

Consumer Goods Industries

Types of Industry: According to the volume of raw materials

Heavy Industries:- Large quatities of

resources (raw materials, labour, captial and space)

Iron, Steel and Cement Industries

Light Industries:- The size of the

production sites tends to be relatively small.

Types of Industry: According to the number of employees

Small Industries:- Less than 50 employees

Medium Industries:- From 50 to 100 employees.

Large Industries:- More than 1000 employees

Factors for Industry Location Traditional factors:

Proximity to raw materials and energy sources

Proximity to market centres and consumption

Proximity to ports and transport routes

Abundance of low-skilled labour

Availability of capital to finance the infrastructure for industry (factores, equipment, motorways, railways, canals…)

Current factors: Access to raw materials

and energy sources Aboundance of cheap

labour but also of high-skilled workers

Availability of good communications: transport routes but also the Inernet

Access to a global market Support from the

govenrments to ease and foster the conditions for location, financing, acces to innovation, taxes…

Evolution of Industrial Areas Original industrial

areas: Mining areas Ports and rivers Urban areas

Modern industrial areas

New Industrial Areas:

Centres for advanced technology

Automated and high tecnology industries

Chinese industry

Environmental Impact

The Industrialisation Crisis Deindustrialisation Industrial Relocation:

Traditional Industries have relocated to cheaper areas: Developing Countries Industrial estates in the

outskirts of cities Innovative and High-

Technology Industries: Established in Science

Parks in economically flourishing cities to have acces to qualified workers, infrastructures and advanced services

Developed by María Jesús Camposlearningfromgeography.wikispaces.comChusteacherWikiteacher

Sources: rocio Bautista Slidehare ppt