DIABETES SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS

Presented By

Sumit Ku. Bain & Sambit Ku. Behera

1st MBBS (Batch of 2012)

Diabetes Easy To Miss.........

• According to recent stats diabetes affects 24 million people in U.S but only 18Million know they have it.

• About 90 % of those people have type 2 diabetes.

• Diabetes is often called the silent killer because of its easy to miss symptoms..

Definition Of Symptoms And Signs

• Symptoms are what a patient experiences• Signs are what a doctor sees,

• A symptom can be defined as one of the

characters of a disease. • Meanwhile, sign is the definite indication of a

specific disease.

• Actual cause of diabetes is a mystery

• Environmental factors play a large role – lack of exercise – and obesity, – as well as genetics.

• Three basic types of diabetes,– Type 1, – Type 2, and– Gestational Diabetes.

• Type I Diabetes • Type II Diabetes

• TYPE 1 DIABETES

• Type 1 diabetes is caused by an auto-immune reaction, where the body's defense system attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.

Type 1 diabetes often develops suddenly and can include symptoms such as:

• abnormal thirst and dry mouth

• frequent urination

• extreme tiredness/lack of energy

• constant hunger

• sudden weight loss

• slow-healing wounds

• recurrent infections

• blurred vision

• TYPE 2 DIABETES

• Most common type of diabetes.

• The body is able to produce insulin– But it is either not sufficient or the body is not

responding to its effects,– Leading to a build-up of glucose in the blood.

Common Symptoms Of Diabetes Mellitus

• Increased thirst (POLYDIPSIA)• Frequent urination. (POLYURIA)• Increased hunger.(POLYPHAGIA)

POLYDIPSIA

• Polydipsia is the medical term for excessive thirst.

• Large volume of water being lost through the kidneys due to sugar spillage

• The body is at a chronic water deficit. This leads to excessive thirst.

POLYURIA• In Diabetes Mellitus - too much glucose in

the blood (hyperglycaemia).

• Tubules in the kidney do not reabsorb glucose - so some glucose in the urine.

• This increases the osmotic pressure of the urine - it is harder for water to leave the urine back into the body. Hence polyuria (increased volume of urine) is experienced by the diabetic.

POLYPHAGIA

• This is a condition where a person have an enormous feeling of hungriness.

• The body's cells does not get enough glucose or sugar.

• This is due to body being resistant to insulin.

• The cells cannot absorb sugar which makes a person feel hungry

Some Other Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus Itching of the skin (usually around the vaginal or groin area)

Velvety dark skin changes of the neck, armpit and groin, called acanthosis nigricans

Numbness and tingling of the hands and feet

Impotency

GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

• Women - first diagnosed with diabetes during pregnancy are said to have gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

• It normally occurs later in pregnancy and arises because the body is unable to make and use enough insulin needed for pregnancy.

IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND IMPAIRED FASTING GLUCOSE

• IGT is defined as high blood glucose levels after eating,

• whereas IFG is defined as high blood glucose after a fast.

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