Post on 31-Dec-2015
transcript
Slike su stare 18,500 g., nalaze se u Grotte Cosquer, (Marseille).
Ulaz je 37 m ispod razine mora
Opabinia Ctenophore
Hallucigenia
Earth Life Timetable
This geological and biological time scale is based on fossil finds in the different rock stratas. The first 5/6th of earth time are devoid of fossils and based only on rock dating.
This time is also called Pre-Cambrian or Cryptozoic (hidden life) eon but nowadays (also used here) split into 2 separate time divisions, the Archean and Proterozoic eons.
The Phanerozoic (obvious life) eon is divided in 3 eras, which furthermore are divided in periods and epochs. Further smaller units, called systems, series and stages are used but
are not considered here.
EON ERA PERIOD EPOCH TIME Holocene
Humans start to dominate the world. Sea levels rise after end of ice age
drowning large areas of land.
10.000 yrs ago till present
Quaternary
Humans appear Pleistocene
First primitive humans appear. 1/4th of land covered by ice.
1.7 million - 10. 000 years
Pliocene
Human-like apes make appearance. Climates cools as Ice Age nears.
Galapagos islands rise from the sea. Panama land bridge emerges 3 million connecting South with North America.
5 - 1.7 million
Miocene
Camel, cat, horse, raccoon, weasel and rhinoceros dominate.
23 - 5 million
Oligocene
True Primates make first appearance. Horses and tapir on American soil.
35 - 23 million
Eocene
Mammals adapt to marine life. Formation of Andes end.
57 - 35 million
CENOZOIC
Modern world with animals,
plants and geographical features as we know it today,
came into being. Tertiary
Mammals become
the dominant larger animals replacing the
reptiles.
Paleocene
Marsupials, carnivores, ungulates. Modern continents start to form.
65 - 57 million
Cretaceous
65 million years ago, mass extinction of dinosaurs. Flowering plants and modern trees appear.
Formation of the Andes begin.
145 - 65 million years
P H A N E R O Z O I C
MESOZOIC
Age of Reptiles Jurassic
Birds make appearance, reptiles dominate sea and land.
Cycads, conifers, ginkgoes and seed ferns.
210 - 145 million years
K-T boundary
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Glomar Challenger 1968-1983
1818O – T - relationshipO – T - relationship
18O from surface snow samples (red dots) and measured 2m-air temperature (solid line) 1981-2000
1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
T2m
(°C)
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
-50
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-10
0
18
(‰)O
-50
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0
Figure 6.3
Figure 6.1
The Younger Dryas cold interval as viewed from central
Greenland
Dansgaard-Oechser events
Heinrich events
Milutin Milanković (Paja Gregorić, 1930)
Relative sea level rise for Fennoscandia in the 20th century derived from 70 very long-term tide-gauge records. The contours, measured in millimeters per year, roughly match the position and mass of the ice sheet that covered the region during the last glacial maximum.