Post on 19-May-2015
transcript
Presented By:Akhilesh VermaRoll No-122601
ME (ECE) Regular
SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL
INTRODUCTION CONCEPT MANAGEMENT COMPONENTS• SMI• MIB SNMP MESSAGES UDP PORTS APPLICATIONS ADVANTAGES REFERENCES
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CONTENTS
The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an application layer protocol used to manage network resources. This standardization gives network administrators the ability to monitor network performance.
Defines the format of packets exchanged between a manager and an agent.
It reads and changes the status (values) of objects(variables) in SNMP packets.
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INTRODUCTION
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fffffffff CONCEPT
AGENT
AGENT VARIABLES
Here is a very simplified picture.
Network manager contact to the agent through TCP/IP protocol.
The agent resides in the managed devices and this agent have some agent variables which should be available to this manger for monitoring.
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CONCEPT
AGENT:
• A router or host that runs the SNMP server program.
• Keep the performance information in a data base.
• Can send a trap to the manager if something unusual occurs.
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v CONCEPT
MANAGER:
• A host that runs the SNMP client program.• Has access to values in the agent database.
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CONCEPT
A manager checks an agent by requesting information that reflects the behaviour of the agent.
A manager forces an agent to perform a task by resetting values in the agent database.
An agent contributes to the management process by warning the manager of an unusual situation
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CONCEPT
MANAGEMENT COMPONENTS
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Management
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MANAGEMENT COMPONENTS
SNMP
SMI MIB
This is the actual SNMP protocol itself.
It defines how information is exchanged between SNMP agents and network management stations.
The SNMP protocol operations define the various SNMP messages and how they are created and used.
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SNMP
SNMP transport mappings describe how SNMP can be used over various underlying internetworks such as TCP/IP,IPX and others.
It simply an application program that has a client on the manager and a server on the agent.
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SNMP
STRUCTURE OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
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SMI defines the general rules for naming objects, defining object type (including range and length), showing how to encode object and values.
SMI does not define the number of objects, an entity should manage or name the objects to be managed or define the association between the objects and their values.
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SMI
To name objects.
To define the type of data that can be stored in the object.
To show how to encode the data for transmission.
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SMI FUNCTION
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION BASES
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Creates a collection of named objects, their types, and their relationships to each other in an entity to be managed.
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MIB
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OBJECT ATTRIBUTES
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OBJECT IDENTIFIER
All objects managed by SNMP are given an object identifier.
The object identifier always starts with 1.3.6.1.2.1.
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OBJECT IDENTIFIER
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DATA TYPE
Integer32
Unsigned32
Counter32
Counter64
Gauage32
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SIMPLE TYPE
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CODES FOR DATA TYPE
Sequence (like structure)• Combination of simple data types,not of
same type.
Sequence of (like array)• Combination of simple data types all of
same type.
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STRUCTURED DATA TYPE
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CONCEPTUAL DATA TYPES
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ENCODING FORMAT
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HOW TO DEFINE INTEGER -14
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HOW TO DEFINE OBJECT IDENTIFIER
1.3.6.1(iso.org.dod.internet)
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HOW TO DEFINE IP ADDRESS 131.21.14.8
Sequence (like array)
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MIB2
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UDP GROUP
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UDP VARIABLE AND TABLES
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INDEXES FOR UDP TABLE
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LEXICOGRAPHIC ORDERING
Five messages of SNMP
1.Get Request ->Sent by manager requesting specific
data from agent
2.Get Next Request ->Retrieves the next value of the next
lexical MIB variable.
3.Get Response ->Agent respond with data for get and set
requests from the manager. April 12, 2023 35
SNMP MESSAGES
4.Set Request->Initializes or changes the value of
network element
5.Trap->Alarm generated by an agent
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SNMP MESSAGES
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TYPES OF ERRORS
• Traps are unrequested event reports that are sent to a management system by an SNMP agent process
• When a trappable event occurs, a trap message is generated by the agent and is sent to a trap destination (a specific, configured network address)
• Many events can be configured to signal a trap, like a network cable fault, failing Hard Drive, a “General Protection Fault”, or a power supply failure
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WHAT IS TRAP
• Traps can also be throttled -- You can limit the number of traps sent per second from the agent
• Traps have a priority associated with them -- Critical, Major, Minor, Warning, Marginal, Informational, Normal, Unknown
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WHAT IS TRAP
(0).coldStart -agent has been booted
(1).warmStart -agent has been rebooted
(2).linkDown -interface has gone down
(3).Linkup -interface has come up
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TRAP TYPES
4.authenticationFailure -invalid community
5.egpNeighbourLoss -router has gone to down state
6.enterpriseSpecific -other messages
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TRAP TYPES
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PORTS NUMBERS FOR SNMP
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COMMERCIAL SNMP APPLICATIONS
Here are some of the various SNMP Management products available today
• http://www.hp.com/go/openview/ HP OpenView
• http://www.tivoli.com/ IBM NetView
• http://www.novell.com/products/managewise/ Novell ManageWise
• http://www.sun.com/solstice/ Sun MicroSystems Solstice
• http://www.microsoft.com/smsmgmt/ Microsoft SMS Server
• http://www.compaq.com/products/servers/management/ Compaq Insight Manger
• http://www.redpt.com/ SnmpQL - ODBC Compliant
• http://www.empiretech.com/ Empire Technologies
• ftp://ftp.cinco.com/users/cinco/demo/ Cinco Networks NetXray
• http://www.netinst.com/html/snmp.html SNMP Collector (Win9X/NT)
• http://www.netinst.com/html/Observer.html Observer
• http://www.gordian.com/products_technologies/snmp.html Gordian’s SNMP Agent
• http://www.castlerock.com/ Castle Rock Computing
• http://www.adventnet.com/ Advent Network Management
• http://www.smplsft.com/ SimpleAgent, SimpleTester
Standardized
Universally supported
Extendible
Portable
Allows distributed management access
Light weight protocolApril 12, 2023 44
ADVANTAGES OF USING SNMP
TCP/IP protocol suite by Behrouz A. Forouzan.
Internetworking with TCP/IP,principles,protocols and architectures by Douglas E. Comer.
Network management principles and practices by mani Subhramanian.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Network_Management_Protocol
http://www.erlang.org/doc/apps/snmp/snmp.pdf
http://www.hit.bme.hu/~jakab/edu/litr/SNMP/snmp_basics.pdf
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REFERENCES