Soil of Russia in Global Programs

Vladimir Stolbovoy1

Luca Montanarella1

Freddy Nachtergaele2

1European Soil Bureau, EC Joint Research Center, Ispra;2United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.

Conference: ““Scientific Session on Fundamental Soil Science” ” Moscow State University, 30 November-2 December, 2004

Outline • Need for Russia to be seen globally.• Soil of Russia in global projects:

– Global (revised FAO);– Intercontinental (Circumpolar Soil

database);– European and Northern Eurasia

(SOVEUR; ESDB).

• Land resources of Russia.• What is next?

IGBP space-derived Land Cover (1Х1km)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Пашня и пастбища Леса Болота Травы и кустарники

106

га

IIASA CD-ROM IGBP

Comparison of areas

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0 - .17 .17 - .35 .35 - .52 .52 - .7 > .7

IIASA Global

Comparison of areas

IIASA on ground Land Cover (1X1 km) IIASA on ground NPP

Model-derived Global NPP

Foley et al., 1996

Source: CD-ROM “Land Resources of Russia”, 2002.

Source: CD-ROM “Land Resources of Russia”, 2002.

Cropland&pastures

ForestsWetlandsGrasses and shrubs

a.

b.

c.

d.

Кг углерода м2 в год< 0.1

0.1 – 0.210.21 – 0.280.28 – 0.4

0.4 – 0.610.61 – 0.87

> 0.87Воды

Shortcomings in global estimates

Patterns of warming

Mosaic of changes in temperature and precipitations (source: IPCC, 2001)

Patterns of wetting

Changes have great spatial diversity and do not following climate zones in Russia

Russia representation in global soil collections

Global soil sampling (Batjes et al, 1996)

New EU Soil Database (Stolbovoi et al., 2001)

Underestimate of carbon reserves in soils of Russia

Layer,

cm

Global pool, Pg

(Batjes, 1996)

Portion of Russia

proportional to the country area

Real contribution of Russia

soils

Pg % of global Pg % of global 0-30 724 87.9 12 167.3 23

0-100 1548 185.8 12 297.5 19

Soil carbon pool (based on Stolbovoi, 2002)

IIASAInternational. Inst. for

Applied Systems Analysis

ESBEuropean Soil Bureau

FAOUN Food & Agriculture

Organization

IUSSSInternational. Union of Soils

Science SocietiesISRIC

Internat. Soil Reference Information Center

EURASIAGlobal Land&Environment

Resource AnalysisCustomers: International Agencies and programsProduct: CD-ROM

Circumpolar Soil DatabaseCollaboration: Canada, USA, Northern Europe, and Russia

Applications: Arctic Monitoring, Carbon mitigation strategy in permafrost zone

Soil Vulnerability in Central&Eastern Europe

Collaboration: FAO, Netherlands and Central&East European Countries

Customers: FAO, UNEP, EEA

International Programs

European Soil DatabaseCollaboration: ESB, Belorus, Moldova, Russia, and

Ukraine

Applications: European Crop Growth Monitoring, Carbon sequestration potentials, Land&Environment

analysis

Reproduction of national soil typological units (STU) in International systems

SMR* and NIS**

WRB, 1998 FAO, 1988 FAO, 1974

Number of STU

205*/165** 88 69 75

Percent of Russia STU

100 43*/53** 34*/42** 37*/45**

49% new

39 % same FAO, 1988

12 % renamed

* 1:2.5 M soil

map **1:5 M soil map

1995 FAO produces a CD ROM with a global vector map and derived soil properties with a 5’ x 5’ resolution as raster.

1998 FAO-UNESCO re-issues the digital version with derived soil properties

More information on this product is available at http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/AGRICULT/AGL/lwdms.htm

World soils

Eurasian soils

More information on this product is available at http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/AGRICULT/AGL/lwdms.htm

Central and Eastern European soils

More information on this product is available at http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/AGRICULT/AGL/lwdms.htm

Circumpolar soils

Soils of Europe and Northern Asia

More information on this product is available at http://eusoils.jrc.it/

Soil Regions of EuropeR. Hartwich - BGR

Source: Stolbovoi, 2001. In CD-Rom “Land Resources of Russia”, Laxenburg, Austria.

Source: Stolbovoi, 2001. In CD-Rom “Land Resources of Russia”, Laxenburg, Austria.

Source: Stolbovoi, 2001. In CD-Rom “Land Resources of Russia”, Laxenburg, Austria.

Correlation as a tool to transfer soil information

Re-a

ssoci

ati

on

Reclassification

Conversion Conversion

Reclassification

WRB DatabaseST Database

What is next: Soil Atlas of Europe

What is next: EU-SOIL COMMUNICATION 2002 (COM(2002)179)

“Towards a Thematic strategy for Soil Protection”

Definition of:

- 5 Soil Functions

• Food and other biomass production• Storing, filtering and transformation• Habitat and gene pool• Physical and cultural environment for humankind• Source of raw materials

- 8 Main Threats to Soil• Erosion• Decline in organic matter• Soil contamination (local and diffuse)• Soil sealing• Soil compaction• Decline in soil biodiversity• Salinisation• Floods and landslides

Thank you