Solar Energy - Securing Energy for

Tomorrow Today Dr. Vinay Hasabnis

THE CONCEPT

What is Energy Security - Concept

The need & urgency for action

Role of Renewable Energy Resources

Solar Energy - Specific to Photo-Voltaics

Qualitative & Quantitative Analysis through Case Studies

Challenges

Conclusion - Open

Every 15 minutes, the amount of Energy from the Sun,

that strikes the EARTH, is sufficient enough to supply

the Energy requirement of the whole World for One year !

Perhaps most alarmingly, Peak oil expert Mike Ruppert has claimed

that for every calorie of food produced in the industrial world, Ten

calories of oil and gas energy are invested in the forms of fertilizer,

pesticide, packaging, transportation, and running farm equipment.

ENERGY SECURITY

5 S supply (having resources, such as fossil fuels and renewable energy)

sufficiency (adequate quantity of fuel and services from these sources)

surety (having access to them)

survivability (resilient and durable sources of energy)

sustainability (reducing waste and limiting damage to the environment)

4 A availability

accessibility

affordability

acceptability

ENERGY SECURITY THREATS ?

Energy Dependence Transportation to Communication

National Security to Health Services

Crude Oil forms the largest form of Source of Energy

World’s Large dependence on Supply of Oil from few counties

Disruption in supply of Oil - Direct Economic & Political Impact

1973 Oil Crises initiated the worlds attention on Energy Security

GLOBAL ENERGY SCENARIO - SOME FACTS ?

Global Oil Supply : 40 Billion Barrels per Year

Oil Producing Counties : 10 Counties commend 75 % production

Oil Trading Turn-Over : 4 Trillion US $ per Year

CO2 Emission Oil, Gas & Coal : 12 + 8 + 15 = 35 Billion Metric Tonnes

Oil Import : 1.6 Billion Barrels per Year

Oil, Gas & Coal Import Cost : 185 Billion US $ per Year

India’s GDP : 1,850 Billion US $

India’s Fiscal Deficit % of GDP : 4.8 % ( Cause for Inflation)

CO2 Emission Oil, Gas & Coal : 0.5 + 0.1 + 1.4 = 2.0 Billion Metric Tonnes

INDIA ENERGY SCENARIO - SOME FACTS ?

ENERGY RESOURCE AVAILABILITY IN INDIA

Source Capital cost

(Crores/MW) Emissions

(T CO2 – eq / Mwh) Reserves Longevity

Coal 4-5 1.1 10,5820 MT 70 years

Oil 2.5 0.62 1,200 MT ~ 10 years

Gas 3.5 0.47 1.5 TCM ~ 20 years

Hydro 6 - 20 (Site and size

dependant) 0 148.7 GW NA

Nuclear 8-13 0 70,000 Tonnes of

Uranium ~ 200 Tonnes of Pu

40 years with Uranium

Source : BP Statistical Review Report, NHPC,NTPC

ELECTRICAL ENERGY STATUS IN INDIA Current Capacity : 173,855 MW (utility)

Energy Generation : 600 Billion KWHrs

– 5th largest in the world

Low per capita electricity consumption

–India 717 kWh

–US 14,000 kWh

–China 2500 kWh

–World 2800 kWh

Peak shortage ~ 15%

800,000 MW in 2030 – 40

–~ 25,000 MW per year

Environmental concerns

–India 3rd largest emitter of CO2 behind China and US

–38% of emissions from power sector

Energy security concerns

–67% power from coal-based thermal plants - need to depend on imports

–Prototype breeder reactors to exploit thorium reserves

PROJECTED FUEL MIX BY 2020

Required capacity in 2020 assuming 8% growth = 387,280 MW in BAU scenario

HOW TO GROW AND BE SUSTAINABLE ?

• How do we grow to ~ 2,000 billion kWh by 2020 • How do we get 3,00 billion kWh of low-carbon power?

• What fuel options & technologies?

• Wind • Nuclear • Solar • Hydro • Bio-fuels • Hydrogen & fuel cells

• Investments, research, policies?

THE SOLAR ENERGY OPTION

Photo - Thermal

Use of Thermal Component of Solar Spectrum Heating Applications

Photo - Voltaics

Use of Visible Light Component of Solar Spectrum Electricity Generation

WHY SOLAR PV ?

Highly Matured & Proven Technology ( 30 Years !)

India has abundant Solar Insolation - One of the best in the world !

It is highly Consistent & Reliable - about 300 Clear days per year

SPV Plants are stationery - No moving parts

Scalable from KWp to MWp - Capacities can be added

Non-Polluting & Localized

SOLAR ENERGY - POTENTIAL Land Available : 305 Million Hectors

Roof-top & Barren Land Area Available : 30 Million Hectors

Solar Usable Area Available : 15 Million Hectors

Approx. Solar Insolation receivable area : 100 Billion Sq. Meters

Solar Insolation Receivable per Year : 150 Trillion KWhrs

Approx. Electricity Generation : 22.5 Trillion KWHrs

10 % potential tapped : 2.25 Trillion KWHrs

India’s Entire Energy Consumption : 600 Billion KWhrs

THE SOLAR SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

SOLAR PHOTO-VOLTAIC MODULE

INVERTER

CATEGORIES OF SOLAR PV SYSTEMS On-Grid :

It is the on-line generation of DC electricity from Solar PV Modules,

which is converted into AC by means of a smart Grid-tie Inverter.

This power is evacuated into power Grid by way of synchronization. Thus

one does not need the Solar Energy Generated to be stored into battery.

ON GRID ROOF-TOP SOLAR SYSTEM IN MUMBAI

CATEGORIES OF SOLAR PV SYSTEMS Off-Grid :

The DC Energy generated from Solar PV Modules, is stored into a

battery bank.

This stored energy power, whenever needed is converted into AC power

to power the load.

This technique is very much useful in remote areas where Grid is not

available.

OFF-GRID SOLAR SYSTEM AT HILL-TOP

CASE STUDIES

GETTING REDDY TO SECURE ENERGY

1. MOBILE TOWERS

No. of Towers : 7,00,000 Numbers

Average Energy Consumption per Tower/Day : 70 KWHrs

Total Energy Consumption per Year (All Towers) : 10 Billion KWHrs

Average Diesel Consumption per Tower per Year : 8,000 Liters

Approx. Diesel Consumption for 4,00,000 Towers : 3.2 Billion Liters

Cost of Diesel : 3.2 Billion US $

2. CELL PHONES

No. of Cell-phones : 800 Million

Average Energy Consumption per Charging/Day : 4 Million KWHrs

Total Energy Consumption per Year : 1.5 Billion KWHrs

Cost of Solar Mobile Charger @ 5 WHr : INR 500

Cost of Energy Saved per Year : 200 Million US $

3. RURAL ELECTRIFICATION

RURAL ELECTRIFICATION - FACTS

No. of Un-Electrified Villages in India : 50,000

Average Cost of Laying Grid Line per Village per : ₹ 12.00 / KWHr

KWHr @distance of 25 KM from Grid

Actual Cost of Energy delivered : ₹ 16.00 / KWHrs

Cost of Energy of Stand alone Solar small Local Grid: ₹ 10.00 – 12.00/ KWHrs

Benefits like No Transmission & Theft losses, No Power Outage

4. RAILWAY STATION ROOF-TOPS

No. of Railway Stations in India : 8,000

Total Roof-top area available : 100 Million Sq. Mtr.

Approx. Estimate of Energy Generation : 20 Billion KWHrs

Saving of Diesel on account of Powering of : 100 Million Ltrs

the Station @ 15,000 Ltrs/ Year

Cost of Diesel saved per Year : 100 Million US $

Benefits like No Theft losses, No Power Outage

5. BANKS

No. of Bank Branches in India : 2,00,000

Energy requirement per branch (UPS) : 20 KWHr/Day

Approx. Estimate of Energy saving per Year : 1.5 Billion KWHrs

Saving of Diesel on account of Powering of : 450 Million Ltrs

the Branch @ 3,000 Ltrs/ Year (1,50,000 Br)

Cost of Diesel saved per Year : 450 Million US $

Benefits like No Theft losses, No Power Outage

6. SOLAR WATER PUMPING - AGRICULTURE

Irrigated Farm Land in India : 50 Million Hectors

Approx. Estimate of Energy for Water Pumping : 100 Billion KWHrs

Saving of Diesel on account of pumping of water : 10 Billion Liters

where no grid power is available (30%)

Approx. Forex Savings : 10 Billion US $

Benefits like No Theft losses, No Power Outage

7. TELEPHONE EXCHANGE

No. of Telephone Exchanges in India : 27,000 Numbers

No. of Land Line Wired Telephones in India : 30 Million

Average Energy Consumption per Day (All Ex) : 3 Million KWHrs

Total Energy Consumption per Year : 1 Billion KWHrs

Approx. Diesel Consumption for exchanges : 250 Million Liters

per Year on account of Grid Power Outage

Cost of Diesel : 250 Million US $

8. SOLAR WATER HEATING (INDIA SPECIFIC)

Water Heating for General Residential use

Average Energy consumed to heat water par day : 100 Million KWHrs

Average Energy Consumption per Year : 30 Billion KWHrs

Oil Equivalent Cost saving : 10 Billion US $

9. SOLAR COOKING (INDIA SPECIFIC)

Cooking for General Residential use

Consumption of Kerosene per Year for Cooking : 8 Million Tonnes

Consumption of LPG for Cooking : 14 Million Tonnes

Cost of Kerosene & LPG per Year : 25 Billion US $

Amount of Subsidy offered by Govt. of India : 12 Billion US $

Energy Generation Equivalent to Subsidy Investment : 18 Billion KWHrs

CHALLENGES - SOLAR PV TECHNOLOGY

Cost Reduction - Anticipated Grid Parity by 2016-17

Technology - Improvisation

Net Metering - Smart Grid

Optimization on Power Consumption

Spread of Awareness & Education

ENERGY OF FUTURE

THANK YOU !

Your Reactions, Comments & Suggestions are most welcomed

Mail ID : vinay.hasabnis@hotmail.com

Cell-phone : +91 - 81083 22279