Post on 01-Jan-2016
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(c) gsc - dyads, triads 1
Contains ‘overlay’ animations: Please download and save to your hard disk, then
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‘Silver Dyads, Golden Triads’
Dyads and Triads (and ‘structural graphics’ as a generic form) were concepts of which I initially saw some
examples way back in 1979, in a few pages of Warfield’s book, “Societal Systems: Planning, Policy and
Complexity” (Wiley, 1976). It was in fact just those few pages showing me
examples of structural graphics that IMPELLED me to study the whole difficult book intensively (along with
several other ‘subsidiary’ things besides) and extensively – which then “led to” the OPMS.
Note: Work in progress. This presentation will be modified considerably in due course
Some practical Tools for “Thinking Out Of The Box”
Next: Develop into several different presentations - March 09
“A picture is worth a thousand words”
Let’s look at some apparently very simple pictures that COULD be literally worth many more than thousands of words!
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A ‘monad’:
A single idea standing on its own
IDEA
We represent it like this: OR
IDEA
One really cannot do much with just a single idea (unless one already knows how to handle many ideas!)
The concept is here just to help kick-start the process!
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Now: consider the effect of the prose definition alone on your mind - versus the effect (next) when the structure
representing the prose is available to explain it.
Definition: A “SILVER DYAD” is a set of two ideas
applied collectively and integratively
Idea 2Idea 1
And that is precisely why we recommend the ‘prose + structural graphics’ mode !
If the above definition is clear to you,
would some of you like to
make it clear to everyone
else?
Relationship(s) should be specified when ideas are specified
Structural Graphics
Representation
Now, here’s a suggestion that I believe does help to clarify the definition of “Silver Dyad”:
Silver Dyad
Would you agree that the structural graphics representation enables us to understand the prose with significantly enhanced clarity?
Prose:
Is this definition clear to
you”The relationships
MUST be specified clearly!
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‘Prose + structural graphics’ (p+sg) could help us clearly understand complex systems as it helps explain the relationships between
factors in those systems!
Golden Triad
A set of THREE ideas that are applied collectively and integratively
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Graphical Representation of Golden Triad
I1 I2
I3
I have found dyads and triads to add significant clarity to my thinking when used in conjunction with the processes embedded in the OPMS
I understand it has been mathematically proven that any ‘clustering’ of idea-elements more
than three in number can be reduced to a logical combination
of monads, dyads &/or triads!
In any case, dyads and triads do seem to be powerful tools to enable and enhance
clarity of thought
The next slide presents anecdotal evidence that the mathematical theorem referred earlier may well be true - but we believe
that this claim does not really require to be proved in detail for our day-to-day work.
Using the concepts of ‘Dyad’, ‘Triad’ and OPMS ‘collectively and integratively’, you can
simultaneously get an ‘overview’ of any situation AND the details as required!
At least, this has been my experience. The process could add great power to your thinking
– it has certainly added enormously to mine!Here are some examples of
Silver Dyads and Golden Triads At the end of this presentation, we illustrate with a picture of a dyad and a triad that may
help convince! (Slides 50-52)
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Some real-life examples of ‘Silver Dyads’
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MindBrain
Examples of ‘Silver Dyads’:
The ‘stuff’ of Cognitive Research
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SynthesisAnalysis
This dyad is, I believe, at the heart of logic development...
Standard logic tools largely enable only ‘analysis’ – synthesis is rarely if ever formally a part of the process. OPMS enables and ensures the iterative
process of the dyad ‘a+s’
Prose shorthand title of above dyad: “a+s” – ‘Analysis’ + ‘Synthesis’ + Relationships between these elements
The process of analysis by itself is generally not iterative
The ‘a+s’ process ensures that the needed iteration and re-iteration will happen because of the following:
A little analysis leads to a need for synthesis (as well as an ability to synthesize various elements of the
analysis), which in turn could lead to further analysis,… and so on. The OPMS process actually
enforces iteration and reiteration quite strongly!
“leads to” (both directions)
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WrongRight
This dyad studied since 1979 led to the concept of OPMS
in 1983, and all the development subsequently
HardwareSoftware MindBody AdultChild ReasonIntuition StructuralGraphics
Prose TeacherStudent WomanMan
More Examples of Silver Dyads…
CLAIM: The whole IT industry has grown through the exploration and real-life development of just this silver
dyad! (And, there are plenty more dyads to explore in this connection!)
Explained a bit more, later…
The “intuition” is BUILT INTO each of the elements as they occur to the enquiring mind – the “reason” is BUILT INTO the way appropriate relationships help us ‘organize’ the elements!
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StructuralGraphics
Prose
The ‘p+sg’ dyad: we separate the arrows, in order to show the model’s different meanings
in the different directions of the arrow:
“Prose implicitly contains
Structural Graphics”
“Structural Graphics help to explain Prose (through relationships implicitly
contained in that Prose)”
“implicitly contains”
“helps explain”
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UserS/WDeveloper
QUESTION: HOW to apply them collectively and
integratively?
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Here’s a quick overview of the process of Software Development as a whole:
• User articulates ‘user needs’ (with help as needed from the s/w development team)
• S/W Developers respond with SRS
• User okays the SRS as adequately representing his/her needs as user
• S/W Developers respond with S/W that should satisfy (perhaps over iterations) the user needs…
Next slide, we take a look at the process in terms of some simple ‘structural graphics’
The process as a graph, next slide:
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S/w User: Articulate Needs
S/w Developer: Produce SRS
S/w User: Okay SRS
S/w Developer: Produce S/w to satisfy specifications in
approved SRS
“leads to”
Iterations
The process as a graph (ISM):
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UserS/w
Developer
Define & Explore Relationships…
What Is the Crucial Step?
User NeedsSRS
Precisely what OPMS enables and ensures!
It’s the detailed elaboration of this dyad in real life that leads
to ALL your software!
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ApplicationsTheory
Here’s another very useful Silver Dyad
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Here are some real-life examples of
‘Golden Triads’
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Body Mind
Spirit
One:
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IntuitionReason
Before we look at the next Golden Triad, let’s recall the ‘Silver Dyad’ we had initially seen:
…which leads to…
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Reason Intuition
Reality
…this Golden Triad Define & Explore Relationships!
It has to be an
ongoing process!
Here’s a partial (very small part) translation of the Triad: “continuingly explore intuition through reason
– checking both regularly against reality…”
Intuition being the ideas one gets…
…and reason being the exploration of appropriate
relationships between ideas!
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View System – Examine Relationships – Study Structure.
Understand System
System Relationships
Structure
Click for another
Golden Triad:
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For instance, a good bit of what I do in my workshops is simply to try and explain some
aspects of this particular Golden Triad!
Intent Structure
Lowest Level El.
Trigger Questions Define & Explore Relationships!
Some of these are Triads that I’ve been exploring in depth over the years– and I
can certify that the process works!
Another very useful Golden Triad:
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…it happens via the structure below:
Continuing re-articulation of ‘lowest level element’ in an Intent Structure based
on “contributes to”
“leads to”
Effective Action Plan to accomplish Mission!
(Check out the ‘actioning process’ in OPMS)
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DeveloperUser
A software development organization’s primary focus might arise from this Dyad and
then related Triads and other structures. We need to arrive at the proper understanding of what the Dyad
means (and everything that develops from it):
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Possible example for S/w Co.
Define & Explore Relationships!
Marketing group of S/w Co.
Developer User
Software
These are very general – they will need to be made very specific!
Marketing Need
S/w Product/Service
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BDMs* User Needs
Marketing the software
Is this a useful triad for Software Marketing?
*BDM stands for: ‘Business Development Manager’
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PMs* ???
S/w development
team
Could such a triad be defined for this group – and then more specifically for each PM?
*‘PM’: Project Manager
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ObjectClass
Is this a ‘Silver Dyad for programmers?
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Class Object
Component
And is this a ‘Golden Triad’ for them?
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DeveloperUser
This Dyad (if it is ‘Silver’) …
…may lead to …
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Requirement Design
Construction
…this Triad:
Is it ‘Golden’??
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Procedures & Processes
Templates
Quality Policy
Could this Triad be ‘Golden’?If it is ‘Golden’, let’s call it “A”
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Functional Requirements
Technical Specs
System
Could this Triad then be ‘B’?
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Coding
Could this perhaps be ‘C’?
System Testing
Design
Coding
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Functional Testing
Customer Satisfaction
Requirements Analysis
And could this be ‘D’?
Question:Now, can we put all of that
together in some useful and usable way for the software development organisation?
My claim is: using the OPMS approach, we certainly could!
(but the people in the organisation should generate realistic elements –
and then explore in detail the relationships between them)…
A D C B(This is a dummy
structure, of course!)
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“leading to”
User Requirements
Customer Satisfaction
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Trigger Question(s) Ideas
Structures
And here’s an example that could possibly help people overcome ‘start-up difficulties’
(in using OPMS):
This requires more elaboration – shall do in due course…
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Difficulties and how to overcome them
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…and your mind will of itself – almost automatically - suggest one or more ways to
overcome that difficulty!
Means to overcome difficulty!
Difficulty
Check out the silver dyad below describing this feature of the human mind:
For instance, just WRITE down any difficulty on any issue in which your have real interest…
The OPMS process ensure systematic capture, crystallization and proper direction all the
significant ideas your mind naturally generates!
In fact, ISMs constructed in the ‘THINGS TO DO’ Dimension of the OPMS contains a very specific set of procedures to ensure that ‘ways to
overcome DIFFICULTIES/ BARRIERS/ WEAKNESSES, etc’ are automatically integrated into the Action Planning developed to accomplish
the Mission!
Here’s some evidence illustrating the fact that your mind is a powerful tool that could be used
to help overcome difficulties…
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Of course, we do also have the ‘reverse’ happening, so to speak: If one mind provides
what appears to it to be a “good idea”…
…other minds will – almost automatically - suggest one or more difficulties to show why that idea does not work!
Difficulties hindering/ preventing that idea!
Good Idea
Check out this dyad describing this feature of ‘how minds interact’:
Again, the OPMS process is most useful to help us handle this characteristic of human minds
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Using these concepts (integrated with OPMS proper) , the difficulties listed below can be overcome:• Difficulties in getting ideas in response to
trigger questions (continuingly)
• Difficulties in changing the mode of work one is accustomed to…
• Difficulties in interpreting models – and
finding out what to do next… Just write down your difficulty encountered…and everything
else will surely follow – i.e. your mind will find ways to get over that difficulty! (If you actually write down elements, do
needed modeling, and so on)
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Here’s a ‘teaser’ about some other closely related concepts – also
very useful to enable and enhance ‘thinking out of the box’…
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Element A Element B
Satisfaction & Frustration Cycles
Arrows mean “contributes to”
or “hinders”
Ramesh Pai Holool
Arrows mean “contributes
significantly to Mission of”
The Primary Satisfaction Cycle that has to be built at workplace
Example:
One needs to be quite familiar with the tools comprising the OPMS to use these cycles in a practical way. (I had first seen pictures like these in Warfield’s book on “Societal Systems” in 1979 – though it took me
many, many years to learn how to use them in practice)
Ramesh Pai Holool
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By the way, any of the dyads and triads illustrated could well become a suitable
subject for a life-time of study and practical work. For instance, it could be claimed that
the dyad below in one way more or less ‘encapsulates’ all of ‘Ethics’
WrongRight
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For another example, the following Silver Dyad could become the focus of studies of the human being in many different ways:
AdultChild
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Adult
Growth of ‘mind + body’
Child
Consider, for instance, the following ‘Golden Triad’:“Mens sana in corpore sano”
Difficulties are likely to arise if we break up the complex and then try to treat the part as the entire
whole (next two slides):
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Adult
Growth of ‘body’
Child
An unbalanced adult:
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Adult
Growth of ‘mind’
Child
Also unbalanced:
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To conclude: here is a very useful Golden Triad
(sketched earlier in prose [at slide No. 8])
Dyad ‘S’ Triad ‘G’
OPMS
The ‘complex’ Golden Triad below has in fact motivated the whole OPMS project ever
since 1983, when the OPMS concept was invented
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IntuitionReason
Reason Intuition
Reality
Triad ‘G’ Dyad ‘S’
OPMS
Leading to:Dyad ‘S’ is:
(which we’ve encountered earlier)
Triad ‘G’ is:
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It’s our claim that, properly interpreted and used, the triad
illustrated in the previous slide could be worth as many words as you want
to make it!
It could become, in fact, the initiator of an Action Plan to help you
accomplish ANY feasible Mission that you’re interested in…
Just name your Mission, and I can demonstrate to you, conclusively,
how OPMS can help to make it happen on the ground!
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Sl.No.
Name and action of Triad
Triad
1 Action Situation Content, context, process
2 Bases of Generic Design Science
Anthropological, Formal Logical, Technological
3 Bases of Human Action
Facts, Presuppositions, Suppositions
4 Basic Language Types Graphics, Mathematics, Prose
5 Classical Definition Types
Extension, Intension, by Relationship
6 Cosmos Components Library, Phaneron, Residue
7 Design Perspective Types
Gradation, Limits, Outcome (Success & Failure)
8 Design Process Needs Parsimony, Saliency, Variety
9. Design Science Types General, Generic, Specific
10 Education Goals (Perry)
Contribution, Inheritance, Participation
Twenty Golden Triads (Warfield)
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11 Generic Science Components
Foundations, Methodology, Theory
12. Generic Science Gradation
Idea (Unit), Set (Module), Structure (Pattern)
13 Human Action Types Analysis, Design, Synthesis
14 Inference Types (Peirce)
Abduction, Deducation, Induction
15 Key Idea Action Clarify, Generate, Structure
16 Key Management Functions
Intelligence, Design, Choice
17 Planning Foci Change, Idea, Situation
18 Question Types Generic, Triggering, Undesigned
19 Structural (Pattern) Types
Cycle, Hierarchy, Hybrid
20 Time Blocks Future, Past, Present
Sl.No.
Name and action of Triad
Triad