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Involve to Solve Copyright © 2012 TNB Research
CARBON FOOTPRINT INITIATIVE - DEVELOPMENT OF A METHODOLOGY ON CARBON INVENTORY FOR TNB
POWER PLANTS
Presented by: Radin Diana R. Ahmad
Environment Unit TNB Research Sdn. Bhd.
Stakeholder Consultation Workshop for National Carbon Disclosure
Programme 12 July 2012
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Outline of Presentation
Introduction
Objective
Methodology
Carbon Footprint Assessment for TNB
Conclusion
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TNB’s Drive
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By FY2015 (Growth,Global,Green):TNB to be a regional ESI player
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TNBR role
• Provide technical advisory services to TNB group
• Becomes the Coordinating body to execute carbon footprint project development through R&D funding
– Conduct carbon footprint assessment for G,T,D.
– Identify operational boundary and sources of emissions.
– Establishment of baseline on carbon footprint for TNB.
– Analysis of carbon footprint and developing strategies/mitigation measure in GHG reduction.
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INTRODUCTION
• In 2010, TNB corporate planning has requested Generation Division to embark on the estimation of carbon footprint from its power plants.
• TNB Research was asked to conduct this study to preliminary assess the carbon inventory and develop the methodology to determine the carbon footprint for all TNB power plant.
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The main objectives of this project are as follows: 1. To do the preliminary assessment of Carbon Inventory for
TNB Thermal Power Plants
2. To recommend the most suitable methodology of measuring Carbon Footprint for TNB power plants based on International accepted practices
Objective
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How To Measure?
The following internationally-recognised guidelines are used:
• GHG Protocol, and
• 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
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Emission Scopes
• Emissions are categorised by ‘scope’ as defined in the GHG Protocol:
– Scope 1, direct emissions
– Scope 2, indirect emissions
– Scope 3, other indirect emissions
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Scope 1 – Direct Emissions
• From sources that are owned or controlled by the company
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Key steps in calculating CO2 Emissions
Steps Description
Step 1 Collect data on the quantity of fuel combusted on a volume, mass or energy basis
Step 2 If necessary, collect data on the fuel's density and/or calorific/heating value and convert fuel data to a common volume, mass, or energy content basis. The fuel consumption data from Step 1 and the carbon content data from Step 2 should be a common basis before calculating emissions.
Step 3 Estimate carbon content of each of the fuels combusted.
Step 4 Collect data to determine oxidation fraction.
Step 5 Check to ensure that all units are consistent and converted correctly across parameters and facilities.
Step 6 Estimate CO2 emissions
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GHG Estimation Formula
• The most common approach used to calculate GHG emissions is to apply documented emission factors to known activity data
GHG Emissions = Activity Data x Emission Factor x GWP
•The GHG estimations will be calculated in the unit of tCO2e
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Stationary Combustion
Fuel Use (Volume) Density Fuel Use (Mass)
Litres kg/Litres kg
Fuel Use (Mass) NCV Fuel Use (Energy)
kg TJ/kg TJ
Fuel Use (Energy) Emission Factor Fuel Use (Emissions)
TJ kg GHG/TJ kg GHG
Activity Data = Fuel Consumption from each power plant
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Carbon Footprint Assessment for TNB
• TNB needs to develop a carbon footprint assessment.
• This will allow TNB to have an accurate assessment of GHG emissions from its operational activities.
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Develop methodology on Carbon Footprint Assessment for
G,T,D
Develop template and procedure in
data collection and analysis
Develop GHG Monitoring Tool
to track and report emissions
Validation/ Verification of
data
G,T,D Carbon Footprint Assessment
Carbon Footprint Process Flow
•Identify the largest source of emissions •Recommendation of mitigation measures
1 2 3
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Overall Research Methodology
1. Literature review (Articles, journals etc.) and Technical Discussion.
2. Operational boundary and sources of emission setting
3. Conduct CF Assessment: Data analysis and results
4. Develop database for GHG monitoring tool for CF
• Literature review on distribution CF • Review of IPCC 2006, CDM methodologies,
GHG Protocol and ISO standard • Establish methodology for CF assessment
• Identification of boundary • Identification of sources of emissions i.e.
mobile combustion, fugitive emissions and others
• Data collection • Data input and analysis • Data validation/verification • Results – Comparison with other companies,
countries and etc.
5. Recommendations for mitigation potentials and improvement of CF
6. Awareness on results and findings
Stage 1
Stage
2
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Sco
pe
1(D
irec
t):
• Stationary combustion – Boilers , Back-Up Fuel Generator and etc.
• Mobile combustion –TNB’s owned vehicles
• Fugitive emissions – SF6 of the electrical equipment, HFCs from air conditioning and refrigeration systems, HFCs and PFCs from fire suspension equipment, CO2 emissions from fire extinguisher.
• GHG Covered (CO2, HFC,SF6)
Sco
pe
2 (
Ind
irec
t): • Transmission/
Distribution losses
• Electricity used in TNB’s - owned buildings
• GHG Covered (CO2)
Sco
pe
3 (
Op
tio
nal
):
• Staff commuting
• Raw material transportation
• Waste disposal
• GHG Covered (CO2,CH4,N2O)
• CF Assessment for TNB Generation, Transmission and Distribution
•GHG Included: CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFC, PFC
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Identify Boundaries and Source of Emissions
Stationary
Combustion
Mobile
Combustion
Fugitive Emission
Other Indirect
Emission
An
alys
is o
f Fu
el D
ata
and
Est
ablis
hm
en
t o
f EF
val
ue
Analysis of Operational Data by using fuel-based analysis method (E
= A x EF (CV x CC x OF) x GWP)
CO2 CH4 Other GHGs:
SF6
Monthly and/or Annual Fuel
Consumption x Carbon
Emission Factor x 44/12
Monthly and/or Annual
Fuel Consumption x CH4 Emission
Factor x 21 GWP
Monthly and/or
Annual Fuel Consumption
x Emission Factor x GWP
GH
G E
mis
sio
ns
= Σ
Act
ivit
y D
ata
x Em
issi
on
Fac
tor
Scope 1
Data Input and Analysis
GHG Emissions Database
Scope 2 and 3
A GHG data processing and assessment as shown below:
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Oversight Committee
Deliverables Current efforts & gaps.
Project TOR and scope
Project Deliverables
FY2011
Q3
1st GREENER Meeting (7th Apr 2011)
Quarter
Financial Year
Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
FY2012
2nd GREENER Meeting (4th Aug 2011)
1st Carbon Footprint Meeting (16th Aug 2011)
3rd GREENER Meeting (Q1 FY2012)
4th GREENER Meeting (Q2 FY2012)
5th GREENER Meeting (Q3 FY2012)
6th GREENER Meeting (Q4 FY2012)
Project Stages
• Assessment of current efforts & gaps
•Determination of project TOR & scope
Stage 1
• G,T,D Carbon Footprint Study
Stage 2
• Way forward • Mitigating action to reduce carbon emission
Stage 3
G,T,D baseline carbon
footprint
2nd Carbon Footprint Meeting (Q2 FY2012)
3rd Carbon Footprint Meeting (Q4 FY2012)
Carbon Footprint Initiative: Proposed Plan
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Conclusion
• TNB needs to develop a carbon footprint assessment. On the other hand, TNB’s would have a complete data set on CO2 or GHG emissions which enables the company to track the GHG emissions and manage its GHG programs.
• This will allow TNB to have an accurate assessment of GHG emissions from its operational activities.
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Contacts:-
Radin Diana R. Ahmad (diana@tnbr.com.my)
Ir. Mohd Noh Ahmad (mohdnoh@tnbr.com.my)
Ahmad Rosly Abbas (rosly@tnbr.com.my)
Md. Fauzan Kamal (zan@tnbr.com.my)
TNB Research Sdn. Bhd.
No. 1, Lorong Ayer Itam,
Kawasan Institusi Penyelidikan,
43000 Kajang, Selangor, MALAYSIA
Tel: +603-89225000 Fax: +603-89268828 / 29