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Page - 1April 7th 2003hp-ux & Tru64 SysAdmin Overview.ppt © 2003
26th DECUS Symposium
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HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX®
Side-by-Side
Standalone Administration and
Overview
Jan Mark HolzerSenior Member of Technical Staff
Enterprise UNIX® Divisionjmh@hp.com
April 7th, 2003
http://www.tru64.org/~jmh/decus2003/
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agenda
• road maps for HP UNIX® offerings
• how different or alike?
– common "UNIX is UNIX" core
– functionally equivalent enterprise features
– differentiating value-add features
• device management and storage
– journal file systems
• administrative frameworks and installation
– system administration framework
– SMP and platform partitioning
– resource management -frameworks
• clustering
– TruCluster Server and MC/Service Guard
• latest enterprise features
agenda
HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX® –A Side-by-Side Comparison
Actual company and product names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners.
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#1 scalability#1 reliability, availability and
serviceability#1 systems management#1 internet and web
application services#1 directory and security
services
hp-ux 11i is ranked #1 in all five categories
Tru64 UNIX® is ranked #1 in scalability and systems management
hp-ux 11i
(DH Brown 2002)
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title text
• strong leadership
• high-end scalability
• mission-critical availability
• manageability
• workload management
• security
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UNIX® operating system roadmap(HP-UX and HP Tru64 UNIX)
02 03 04 05
V5.1B• Scalability• System Mgmt
11i• RAS• Internet Web• Directory/Security• Scalability• Manageability
HP-UX
HP Tru64 UNIX
HP-UX withTru64 UNIX features
11i v4
• Self tuning, self adapting vertically and horizontally
customer value—investment protection and a better HP-UX
V5.Vail• Common
System Mgmt
V5. Utah
** Sales thru at least 2006, support thru at least 2011
11i v1.5 11i v1.6• McKinley
11i v2Begin the migration
11i v3Scalability/Mgmt
• TruCluster technology
• AdvFS (16 TB)• Migration tools
Phase II• Common System
Mgmt
• Migration tools Phase I
• Common System Mgmt
Planning and Pilots Itanium® Phase In
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Best-in-Class TruCluster/Storage Components
Cluster File SystemAdvFS File System and UtilitiesCluster Volume Manager (under discussion)
Cluster Storage with cluster-wide device namesCluster Application Availability (CAA)
High bandwidth, low latency, interconnect independent DataBase Messaging API (RDG)
Cluster Alias
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o/s release history
1st ReleaseDEC OSF/1
~’88 DEC OSF/1 1.2
Mar. ‘93
DEC OSF/1 2.0
Mar. ‘94Digital UNIX
3.0Aug. ‘94
Tru64 UNIX 4.0
Jun. ‘96
Tru64 UNIX5.0
Aug. ‘99Tru64 UNIX
5.1Aug. ‘00
1st Release~’82
HP-UX9.04
Nov. ‘93HP-UX10.01Jul. ‘95
HP-UX10.10
Feb. ‘96HP-UX10.20
Aug. ‘96
HP-UX10.30
Aug. ‘97HP-UX11.0
Nov. ‘97
HP-UX11i
Jun. ‘00
Tru64 UNIX® on AlphaServer
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processor release history
PA 1.032-bit 1986
PA 1.1 – 32-bit1989
PA 7x00 PA 2.0 – 64-bit1994
PA8000, PA8200,PA8500
EV7 – 2136464-bit2002
PA 2. 0 – 64-bit2001
PA8600, PA8700
Itanium ®2001
EV68 – 64-bit2001
EV6 – 2126464-bit1998
EV56 – 2116464-bit1995
EV4 – 2106464-bit1992
Itanium ® 22002
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UNIX® historiesTru64 UNIX® ~1990
replaced Digital’s earlier BSD based UNIX - Ultrixstarting point - Open Software Foundation’s (OSF) OSF/1
low level kernel services – CMU Machhigher level kernel services – BSD UNIXcompatibility APIs, libs and tools for SysV UNIX
continued Digital/Compaq enterprise enhancementsHP-UX ~1982
starting point – mix of BSD and AT&T’s UNIX technologycontinual enhancements and infusions
System V releases BSD APIs and toolsOSF HP enterprise enhancements
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common “UNIX® is UNIX” coreTru64 UNIX® and HP-UX share a common core of basic programming, user and admin interfaces around UNIX traditions and standards
– user/group accounts– shells– file and directory commands– rooted tree and basic file system
directory layout– process/job control including
cron and at
• common history in UNIX traditions and development• UNIX standardization efforts begun around ~90, POSIX, X/OPEN
and standards group define a core of APIs and functionality that both O/Ss adhere to
• examples:– system ASCII message and error logs– system startup, run-levels and shutdown – basic IP network Interface and services
configuration– kernel building
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users, groups and shells
/usr/bin/csh[/usr]/bin/cshC shell/usr/bin/sh[/usr]/bin/posix/shPOSIX shell/usr/bin/ksh[/usr]/bin/kshkorn shell(removed with 11i 1.5)[/usr]/bin/shbourne shellman 1 sh/etc/shells, man shshell information
/etc/profile/etc/profilesystem-wide shell startup file
useraddadduser, useraddcommand-line utilities to add a user
/etc/skel/usr/skeldefault user account definition
/etc/passwd
/etc/group
/etc/passwd
/etc/group
user and group filesHP-UX 11i v1.6Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A
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manipulating files and file systems
df, bdfdflist mounted file systems
/etc/fstab
/sbin/bcheckrc
/etc/fstab
/sbin/bcheckrc
boot time mounted file systems
mount, umountmount, umountmounting/unmountingfile systems
ls, cd, find, …ls, cd, find, …user file and dir commands
HP-UX 11i v1.6Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A
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file system directory hierarchy
No – cluster file system
/clustercluster member specific files
/var/var
/lib/usr/lib, /usr/shliblibraries
/usr/usr
/tmp/tmp
/stand/vmunix /stand/vmunix, /subsys, /syskernel and kernel builds
/sbin/sbinsystem binaries
/opt, /var/opt/opt,/usr/opt,/var/optoptional software
/netremote NFS mount
/mnt/mnttemporary mount
/lost+found/lost+found
/home/home, /usr/usersdefault user home dirs
/exportdiskless file sharing
/etc/etcconfiguration files
/dev/dev, /devicesdevice special files
//
HP-UX 11i v1.6Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A
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basic processes and jobs
/var/spool/cron/atjobs/var/spool/cron/atjobs
/var/adm/cron/log/var/adm/cron/log
/var/spool/cron/crontab/var/spool/cron/crontab
/var/adm/cron/var/adm/cron
/usr/sbin/cron/usr/sbin/croncron, at, batch
ps (ps UNIX95), kill, nice, renice
ps, kill, nice, reniceprocess control
HP-UX 11i v1.6Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A
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system logs
/var/adm/kl.KLOGXX/var/adm/binary.errlog
klbinlogd
/etc/nettlgen.conf/etc/binlog.confBINARY logs
/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log/var/adm/syslog.dated/
XXX/
[kern|daemon,].log
syslogdsyslogd
/etc/syslog.conf/etc/syslog.confASCII Logs
HP-UX 11i v1.6Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A
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startup and shutdown
shutdown, rebootshutdown, rebootshutdown
/etc/rc.config.d/XX/etc/rc.config
/sbin/rc[0|2|3|4].d/sbin/rc[0|2|3].d
/sbin/rc/sbin/rc[2|3]
/etc/inittab
(initdefault 3)
/etc/inittab
(initdefault 3)
initinitstartup
HP-UX 11i v1.6Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A
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Example - NFS startup scripts
HP-UX 11i v1.6# find /sbin/rc* -name "*nfs*" -print
/sbin/rc1.d/K600nfs.core
/sbin/rc1.d/K570nfs.client
/sbin/rc2.d/S400nfs.core
/sbin/rc2.d/S430nfs.client
/sbin/rc2.d/K900nfs.server
/sbin/rc3.d/S100nfs.server
# ls /sbin/init.d/*nfs*
/sbin/init.d/nfs.client/sbin/init.d/nfs.core
/sbin/init.d/nfs.server
#
Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A# find /sbin/rc* -name "*nfs*" -print
/sbin/rc0.d/K30nfs
/sbin/rc0.d/K35nfsmount
/sbin/rc2.d/K35nfs
/sbin/rc2.d/K40nfsmount
/sbin/rc3.d/S19nfs
/sbin/rc3.d/S20nfsmount
# ls /sbin/init.d/*nfs*
/sbin/init.d/nfs/sbin/init.d/nfsmount
#
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Example, NFS settings - Tru64 UNIX®/etc/rc.config#!/bin/sh
…
#
. /etc/rc.config.common
DISPLAYTYPE=
MAX_NETDEVS=
NETDEV_2=
NETDEV_3=
…
IFCONFIG_7=
PAGEMINSZ=0
PAGEMAXSZ=0
COLLECT_AUTORUN="0"
COLLECT_COMPRESSION="1"
COLLECT_ARGS=
export DISPLAYTYPE HOSTNAME …
…
/etc/rc.config.common#!/bin/sh…NUM_NFSIOD="7"export NUM_NFSIODAUTOMOUNT="1"export AUTOMOUNTAUTOMOUNT_ARGS="-v -D MACH=alpha”export AUTOMOUNT_ARGSNFS_CONFIGURED="1"export NFS_CONFIGUREDNFSSERVING="1"export NFSSERVINGNFSLOCKING="1"export NFSLOCKINGMOUNTOPTS="-i"export MOUNTOPTSNONROOTMOUNTS="0"export NONROOTMOUNTS…
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Example, NFS settings – HP-UX (1 of 2)/etc/rc.config…
for CFG_FILE in /etc/rc.config.d/* /etc/TIMEZONE
do
fname=${CFG_FILE##*/} # get file basename
if [ -f $CFG_FILE -a "$fname" != "core" -a "${fname##*[.,~\#]}" = "$fname" ]
then . $CFG_FILE # source a valid config file
fi
done
#
/etc/rc.config.dLANG crashconf hpfcmsconf nddconf swconfig
Rpcd cron hpgelanconf netconf syncer
acct dce hpintl100conf netdaemons syslogd
audio desktop kl nettl tps
auditing ems kminit nfsconf vt
cde emsagtconf list_mode omni xfs
clean fc_td_conf lp ptydaemon
clean_tmps hparamgr mailservs pwgr
clean_uucp hparray mwa savecrash
comsec hpetherconf namesvrs set_date
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Example, NFS settings – HP-UX (2 of 2)/etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf##********************** NFSCONF ******************************
#
…
NFS_CLIENT=1
NFS_SERVER=1
NUM_NFSD=16
NUM_NFSIOD=16
PCNFS_SERVER=1
…
LOCKD_OPTIONS=""
STATD_OPTIONS=""
MOUNTD_OPTIONS=""
# automount configuration
#
…
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network interfaces and services
Auto Port Aggregation (APA)Link Aggregation (LAG)aggregation between physical NICs
LAN MonitorNetRAINfailover between physical NICs
/etc/services/etc/servicesnetwork services config file
/etc/inetd.conf/etc/inetd.confnetwork services daemon config file
/usr/sbin/inetd/usr/sbin/inetdnetwork services daemon
lanscan
ifconfig interfaceifconfig -ashow configured
interfaces
/etc/rc.config.d/hpetherconf
/etc/rc.config.d/netconf
/etc/rc.configinterface settings
lanXlnX, eeXinterface names
HP-UX 11i v1.6Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A
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kernel builds and configuration
Kmsystem, kmtunesysconfig, /etc/sysconfigtab
dynamic interfaces
Configure, sysdef, system_prep, mk_kernel
doconfigtools
/stand/system/sys/conf/HOSTbuild definition file
/stand/build/sys/HOSTkernel build area
/stand/vmunix (HFS –stand)
/vmunixlocation of kernel
HP-UX 11i v1.6Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A
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Tru64 UNIX® Kernel Info/Tuning Framework
# sysconfig –s
cm: loaded and configured
hs: loaded and configured
ksm: loaded and configured
psm: loaded and configured
generic: loaded and configured
io: loaded and configured
ipc: loaded and configured
proc: loaded and configured
rt: loaded and configured
sec: loaded and configured
socket: loaded and configured
uipc: loaded and configured
bsd_tty: loaded and configured
…
# sysconfig -q vm
vm:
ubc_minpercent = 10
ubc_maxpercent = 100
ubc_borrowpercent = 20
vm_max_wrpgio_kluster = 32768
vm_max_rdpgio_kluster = 16384
vm_cowfaults = 4
vm_segmentation = 1
vm_ubcpagesteal = 24
vm_ubcfilemaxdirtypages = 4294967295
vm_ubcdirtypercent = 40
…
Example – vm tunable settings
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HP-UX Kernel Tuning Framework# kmtune –l
Parameter: NSTRBLKSCHED
Current: -
Planned: 2
Default: 2
Minimum: -
Module: -
Version: -
Dynamic: No
Parameter: NSTREVENT
Current: -
Planned: 50
Default: 50
Minimum: -
Module: -
Version: -
Dynamic: No
…
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HP-UX Kernel Information (1 of 3)# lsdev
Character Block Driver Class
0 -1 cn pseudo
1 -1 asio0 tty
2 -1 LCentIf ext_bus
3 -1 mm pseudo
4 -1 dev_acpi pseudo
5 -1 acpi_node acpi_node
6 -1 keybd_ps2 ps2
7 -1 ipmi ipmi
8 -1 devkrs pseudo
…
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HP-UX Kernel Information (2 of 3)#ioscan -f
Class I H/W Path Driver S/W State H/W Type Description
===============================================================================
root 0 root CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS
ioa 0 0 sba CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS System Bus
ioa 1 0/16 sba CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS F16 Port
ba 0 0/16/1 lba CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS lba Bridge
ba 1 0/16/1/3/0 legacyio CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS Legacy IO C
tty 0 0/16/1/3/0/1 asio0 CLAIMED INTERFACE Built-in RS
tty 1 0/16/1/3/0/2 asio0 CLAIMED INTERFACE Built-in RS
ext_bus 0 0/16/1/3/0/3 LCentIf CLAIMED INTERFACE Built-in Pa
ps2 0 0/16/1/3/0/4 keybd_ps2 CLAIMED INTERFACE Built-in Ke
ipmi 0 0/16/1/3/0/5 ipmi CLAIMED INTERFACE IPMI Contro
acpi_node 0 0/16/1/3/0/6 acpi_node CLAIMED INTERFACE ACPI Device
sideba 0 0/16/1/3/1 side_ba CLAIMED INTERFACE Intel IDE c
…
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HP-UX Kernel Information (3 of 3)# sysdef
NAME VALUE BOOT MIN-MAX UNITS FLAGS
acctresume 4 - -100-100 -
acctsuspend 2 - -100-100 -
allocate_fs_swapmap 0 - - -
bufpages 210272 - 0- Pages -
create_fastlinks 0 - - -
dbc_max_pct 50 - - -
dbc_min_pct 5 - - -
default_disk_ir 0 - - -
dskless_node 0 - 0-1 -
eisa_io_estimate 768 - - -
file_pad 10 - 0- -
fs_async 0 - 0-1 -
hpux_aes_override 0 - - -
maxdsiz 65536 - 0-655360 Pages -
maxdsiz_64bit 262144 - 256-1048576 Pages -
maxfiles 60 - 30-2048 -
…
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functionally equivalent enterprise featuresTru64 UNIX® and HP-UX share a common set of “functional equivalent” features to meet enterprise computing needs
• UNIX vendors added competing enterprise features during the 90’s• paradigms often the same• interfaces different and vendor specific• examples
– journal file systems– volume management, HP-UX with LVM– hardware management– centralized management with GUI capability– graphical, automated and cloned installations– CPU resource management – assuming Aurema ARMtech™ with Tru64
UNIX– using multiple NICs for a single network interfaces– event management systems
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differentiating value-add features
In some areas, Tru64 UNIX® and HP-UX have relative competitive advantages through differentiating features•examples
– Tru64 UNIX– TruCluster Single Image Clustering – build-in multi-pathing storage
– HP-UX– integrated resource/workload management– RAS – OLAR, resiliency functions, partitioning– built-in Security Functions
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storage
HFSUFSlegacy Berkley file system
VxFS (Third party from Veritas Software)
AdvFS (owned and developed by Compaq)
journal file system
LVM of IBM/OSF heritageVxVM (third party from Veritas)
LSM - licensed port of Veritas VxVM
volume manager
pvlinks - extension to LVM, must be configured for each disk,
built-in to single system and cluster, auto-configured and automatically used on all storage
multi-pathing
physical location dependent
physical location independent
device naming
HP-UX 11i v1.6Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A
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scaling
1X1 (NXM soon)NXMthreading
64 with legacy 3264 Cleanbits
256GB256GBmemory
64 32CPUs
2 TB16 TBfile system size
2 TB16 TBfile size
HP-UX11i v1.6
Tru64 UNIX®
V5.1A
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hardware management – Tru64 UNIX® hwmgr
# hwmgr -view hierHWID: hardware hierarchy--------------------------------------------------------
1: platform AlphaServer 1000A 5/4002: cpu CPU06: bus pci09: connection pci0slot828: bus pci129: connection pci1slot039: scsi_adapter isp040: scsi_bus scsi048: disk bus-0-targ-1-lun-0 dsk049: disk bus-0-targ-4-lun-0 cdrom050: disk bus-0-targ-14-lun-0 dsk131: connection pci1slot141: scsi_adapter pza042: scsi_bus scsi151: disk bus-1-targ-1-lun-0 dsk2
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hardware management – HP-UX ioscan# ioscanH/W Path Class Description===========================================================
root0 ioa System Bus Adapter0/16 ioa F16 Port0/16/1 ba lba Bridge0/16/1/3/0 ba Legacy IO Core I/O Adapter0/16/1/3/0/1 tty Built-in RS-232C0/16/1/3/0/2 tty Built-in RS-232C0/16/1/3/0/3 ext_bus Built-in Parallel Interface0/16/1/3/0/4 ps2 Built-in Keyboard0/16/1/3/0/5 ipmi IPMI Controller0/16/1/3/0/6 acpi_node ACPI Device0/16/1/3/1 sideba Intel IDE controller0/16/1/3/1.0 ext_bus ide_ch0/16/1/3/1.0.0 target0/16/1/3/1.0.0.0 disk MATSHITALS-120 SLIM4 000/16/1/3/1.0.7 target0/16/1/3/1.0.7.0 ctl Initiator0/16/1/3/1.1 ext_bus ide_ch0/16/1/3/1.1.0 target
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HP-UX disk device special namingc#t#d#[s#]• c# card instance
– class and instance number can be seen in the first two columns of /usr/sbin/ioscan -f output.
• t# target address of the device on the interface bus– The address can range from 0 to 7 for a single-ended device, and
from 0 to 15 for a fast wide device.
• d# device number– and can range from 0 to 7 maximum. On SCSI devices, d# is the
SCSI LUN. Except for multi-function devices, d# is typically d0.
• s# section number (aka partition) – optional; made available for backward compatibility– section 0 now represents the entire disk
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What disk devices do I have? – Tru64 UNIX® # hwmgr -view devices
HWID: Device Name Mfg Model Location
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3: /dev/dmapi/dmapi
4: /dev/scp_scsi
5: /dev/kevm
27: /dev/disk/floppy0c 3.5in floppy fdi0-unit-0
48: /dev/disk/dsk0c DEC RZ1CB-CA (C) DEC bus-0-targ-1-lun-0
49: /dev/disk/cdrom0c DEC RRD46 (C) DEC bus-0-targ-4-lun-0
50: /dev/disk/dsk1c DEC RZ1CB-CA (C) DEC bus-0-targ-14-lun-0
51: /dev/disk/dsk2c DEC RZ1CB-CS (C) DEC bus-1-targ-1-lun-0
52: /dev/disk/dsk3c DEC RZ1CB-CA (C) DEC bus-1-targ-2-lun-0
53: /dev/disk/dsk4c DEC RZ1CB-CA (C) DEC bus-1-targ-3-lun-0
54: /dev/disk/dsk5c DEC RZ1CB-CS (C) DEC bus-1-targ-4-lun-0
55: /dev/disk/dsk6c DEC RZ1CB-CS (C) DEC bus-1-targ-5-lun-0
56: /dev/disk/dsk7c DEC RZ1CB-CS (C) DEC bus-1-targ-6-lun-0
57: /dev/disk/dsk8c DEC RZ1CB-CS (C) DEC bus-2-targ-1-lun-0
58: /dev/disk/dsk9c DEC RZ1CB-CS (C) DEC bus-2-targ-2-lun-0
59: /dev/disk/dsk10c DEC RZ1CB-CS (C) DEC bus-2-targ-3-lun-0
60: /dev/disk/dsk11c DEC RZ1CB-CS (C) DEC bus-2-targ-4-lun-0
61: /dev/disk/dsk12c DEC RZ1CB-CA (C) DEC bus-2-targ-5-lun-0
62: /dev/disk/dsk13c DEC RZ1CB-CS (C) DEC bus-2-targ-6-lun-0
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What storage devices do I have? – HP-UX# ioscan -fn -C disk
Class I H/W Path Driver S/W State H/W Type Description
==============================================================================
disk 0 0/16/1/3/1.0.0.0 sflop CLAIMED DEVICE MATSHITALS
/dev/floppy/c1t0d0 /dev/rfloppy/c1t0d0
disk 1 0/16/1/3/1.1.0.0 sdisk CLAIMED DEVICE HITACHI DV
/dev/dsk/c2t0d0 /dev/rdsk/c2t0d0
disk 2 0/18/1/2/0.0.0.0 sdisk CLAIMED DEVICE QUANTUM AT
/dev/dsk/c3t0d0 /dev/dsk/c3t0d0s2 /dev/rdsk/
/dev/dsk/c3t0d0s1 /dev/rdsk/c3t0d0 /dev/rdsk/
disk 3 0/18/1/2/0.0.1.0 sdisk CLAIMED DEVICE QUANTUM
/dev/dsk/c3t1d0 /dev/dsk/c3t1d0s2 /dev/rdsk/
/dev/dsk/c3t1d0s1 /dev/rdsk/c3t1d0 /dev/rdsk/
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device special file location
/dev/vgXX/dskLVM volumes
/dev/vx/dsk/dev/vol/XX/LSM / VXM volumes
/dev/rmt/dev[ices]/rtape
/dev[ices]/ntape
Tapes
/dev/floppy
/dev/rfloppy
/dev[ices]/disk
/dev[ices]/rdisk
Floppies
/dev/dsk
/dev/rdsk
/dev[ices]/disk
/dev[ices]/rdisk
disks, cdroms
HP-UX 11i v1.6Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A
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Special Files and Misc.HP-UX 11i v1.6• mksf, lssf, rmsf
• mknod
# lssf /dev/rdsk/c3t1d0
sdisk card instance 3 SCSI target 1 SCSI LUN 0 section 0 at address 0/18/1/2/0.0.1.0 /dev/rdsk/c3t1d0
# diskinfo –v /dev/rdsk/c3t1d0
SCSI describe of /dev/rdsk/c3t1d0:
vendor: QUANTUM
product id: ATLAS_V_36_SCA
type: direct access
size: 35861388 Kbytes
bytes per sector: 512
rev level: 0230
blocks per disk: 71722776
…
Tru64 UNIX V5.1A• dsfmgr,file
• mknod,
# file /dev/rdisk/dsk0c
/dev/rdisk/dsk0c: character special (19/22) SCSI #0 "RZ1CB-CA" disk #0 (SCSI ID #1) (SCSI LUN #0)
# hwmgr -get attributes -id 48
48:
name = SCSI-WWID:04100024:"DEC RZ1CB-CA (C) DEC184728759717"
category = disk
sub_category = generic
architecture = SCSI
phys_location = bus-0-targ-1-lun-0
dev_base_name = dsk0
…
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listing disks, Tru64 UNIX®# hwmgr -view devicesHWID: Device Name Mfg Model Location----------------------------------------------------------------
3: /dev/dmapi/dmapi4: scp (unknown) (unknown)5: /dev/kevm
29: /dev/disk/floppy0c 3.5in floppy fdi0-unit-037: /dev/disk/dsk0c Maxtor 5T020H2 bus-0-targ-0-lun-038: /dev/disk/cdrom0c COMPAQ CD-224E bus-1-targ-0-lun-039: /dev/disk/dsk101c COMPAQ BD009635C3 bus-2-targ-0-lun-040: /dev/disk/dsk102c COMPAQ BD009635C3 bus-2-targ-1-lun-041: /dev/disk/dsk103c COMPAQ BD03664553 bus-2-targ-2-lun-0
. . .
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listing disks, HP-UX# ioscan -fn -C disk
Class I H/W Path Driver S/W State H/W Type Description
==============================================================================
disk 0 0/16/1/3/1.0.0.0 sflop CLAIMED DEVICE MATSHITALS-120
/dev/floppy/c1t0d0 /dev/rfloppy/c1t0d0
disk 1 0/16/1/3/1.1.0.0 sdisk CLAIMED DEVICE HITACHI DVD-ROM
/dev/dsk/c2t0d0 /dev/rdsk/c2t0d0
disk 2 0/18/1/2/0.0.0.0 sdisk CLAIMED DEVICE QUANTUM ATLAS IV 9
/dev/dsk/c3t0d0 /dev/dsk/c3t0d0s2 /dev/rdsk/c3t0d0s1
/dev/dsk/c3t0d0s1 /dev/rdsk/c3t0d0 /dev/rdsk/c3t0d0s2
disk 3 0/18/1/2/0.0.1.0 sdisk CLAIMED DEVICE QUANTUM ATLAS_V_36_
/dev/dsk/c3t1d0 /dev/dsk/c3t1d0s2 /dev/rdsk/c3t1d0s1
/dev/dsk/c3t1d0s1 /dev/rdsk/c3t1d0 /dev/rdsk/c3t1d0s2
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unique identification with “WWID”
# hwmgr -show scsi -did 0 -full
SCSI DEVICE DEVICE DRIVER NUM DEVICE FIRST
HWID: DEVICEID HOSTNAME TYPE SUBTYPE OWNER PATH FILE VALID PATH
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
17: 0 ernie disk none 2 2 dsk0 [0/3/0]
WWID:0410004c:"DEC RZ26 (C) DECPCB=412225056947(ZG25056947 ); HDA=0000030635357245"
BUS TARGET LUN PATH STATE
------------------------------
0 3 0 valid
2 3 0 valid
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Standard Disk Device Drivers
wwid pathsxxx yyy,zzz
/dev/dsk11
/dev/vg02/dsk5
/dev/dsk/c4t0d0
Volume Manager (LVM)
/dev/dsk/c6t0d0
Tru64 UNIX® Multi-Pathing HP-UX pvlinks Multi-Pathing
Volume Manager, File System or end-user
Standard Disk Device Drivers
File System or end-user
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multi-pathing in TruCluster Server
Cluster Interconnect
Public Network Access
Alpha1 Alpha2
Memory ChannelHub
Memory ChannelHub
Public Network AccessNetRAINConfiguredAdapters
Storage ControllerStorage Controller
Storage ControllerStorage Controller
Fibre ChannelSwitch
Fibre ChannelSwitch
RAID 0+1 Storage Arrays RAID 0+1 Storage Arrays
“Build”disk
HSG80Controllers
/dev/disk/dsk101[a-c] anywhere in the cluster through any adapter
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Volume Manager (LSM) Devices? – Tru64 UNIX®# volprint
Disk group: rootdg
TY NAME ASSOC KSTATE LENGTH PLOFFS STATE TUTIL0 PUTIL0
dg rootdg rootdg - - - - - -
dm dsk2g dsk2g - 1783808 - - - -
v vol1 fsgen ENABLED 204800 - ACTIVE - -
pl vol1-01 vol1 ENABLED 204800 - ACTIVE - -
sd dsk2g-01 vol1-01 ENABLED 204800 0 - - -
v vol2 fsgen ENABLED 204800 - ACTIVE - -
pl vol2-01 vol2 ENABLED 204800 - ACTIVE - -
sd dsk2g-02 vol2-01 ENABLED 204800 0 - - -
…
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Volume Manager (VxVM) Devices? – HP-UX# vxprint
Disk group: rootdg
TY NAME ASSOC KSTATE LENGTH PLOFFS STATE TUTIL0 PUTIL0
dg rootdg rootdg - - - - - -
dm disk01 c3t1d0 - 35860236 - - - -
dm rootdisk01 c3t0d0s2 - 8864672 - - - -
v homevol fsgen ENABLED 20480 - ACTIVE - -
pl homevol-01 homevol ENABLED 20480 - ACTIVE - -
sd rootdisk01-05 homevol-01 ENABLED 20480 0 - - -
v optvol fsgen ENABLED 2097152 - ACTIVE - -
pl optvol-01 optvol ENABLED 2097152 - ACTIVE - -
sd rootdisk01-06 optvol-01 ENABLED 323083 0 - - -
sd disk01-01 optvol-01 ENABLED 1774069 323083 - - -
…
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LSM VxVM Feature ComparisonHP-UX 11i v1.6
VxVM 3.2Tru64 5.1A LSM
(VxVM 2.3 Code Base)Layered Volumes Yes NoRAID 5 Yes Yesvmsa GUI Yes lsmsaOnline Relayout (vxrelayout) Yes NoDirty Regoin Logging Yes YesDisassociating a plex for backup (volpex dis plex)
Yes Yes
Snapshot volumes (volassist snapshot …)
Yes Yes
Non-Persistant Fast Resync (Fast Mirror Resynchronization (FMR))
Yes No
Persistant Fast Resync (Data Change Object (DCO))
Yes Wildcat 5.1B (Smash and Resilvering Log (SRL))
SmartSync Recovery Accelerator for Databases
Yes No
Hot Spares / Relocation Yes YesDynamic MultiPathing (DMP) Yes NA - base OS handles in
SCSI/CAMResize coordinated with FileSystem (vxresize)
Yes NA - AdvFS has addvol model
Power Fail Timeout vxpft Yes NA - handled in SCSI/CAMTask Management vxtask Yes NoAutoconfig Yes YesConfig load balancing Yes YesDyamic IO Sizes Yes YesConfiguration Saving Yes (dgcfgbackup,
dgcfgrestore)Yes (volsave, volrestore)
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Veritas volume manager commandsTru64 UNIX® V5.1A# man lsmvolintro(8) volintro(8)
…
volassist, vold, voldg, voldiskadm, voledit, volencap, volinfo, volinstall,
voliod, vollogcnvt, volmend, volnotify, volplex, volprint, volrecover, vol-
reconfig, volrootmir, volsd, volsetup, volstat, voltrace, volume, volwatch
…
# man lsmsa
HP-UX 11i v1.6# man vxintrovxintro(1M) VERITAS Volume Manager vxintro(1M)
…
vxassist, vxconfigd, vxdctl, vxdg, vxdisk, vxdiskadd, vxdiskadm,
vxedit, vxevac, vxinfo, vxiod, vxmake, vxmend, vxmirror, vxnotify,
vxpfto, vxplex, vxprint, vxr5check, vxreattch, vxrecover, vxrelayout,
vxrelocd, vxresize, vxsd, vxsparecheck, vxstat, vxtask, vxtrace,
vxvmconvert, vxvol
…
# man vmsa
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journal file systems
fsadmdefragmenton-line defragmentation
snapshots (mount –F vxfs –o snapof=…)
clones (clonefset, mount)
read-only file system copies
(volume mgr cmds),fsadm
addvol, rmvolon-line resize
external tool fsck, run in bcheckrc
automatic on mountRecovery
extentsextentsallocation abstraction
meta-datameta-dataoptional – user file data, Atomic Data Logging
journalssingle volumemulti-volumestorage model
HP-UX 11i v1.6JFS (VxFS)
Tru64 UNIX® V5.1AAdvFS
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file systems – exampleTru64 UNIX® V5.1A# df -kFilesystem 1024-blocks Used Available Cap Mounted oncluster_root#root 196608 110184 79592 59% /root1_domain#root 262144 38063 219120 15% /cluster/members/member1/
boot_partitiondata_domain#data 8380080 5038071 3334232 61% /dataroot2_domain#root 262144 38056 219112 15% /cluster/members/member2/
boot_partitioncluster_var#var 1996712 122815 1866160 7% /varcluster_usr#usr 1996712 715025 1265288 37% /usr/proc 0 0 0 100% /proc
HP-UX 11i v1.6# bdfFilesystem kbytes used avail %used Mounted on/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/rootvol 204800 79376 117635 40% //dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/standvol 307200 63626 228402 22% /stand/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/varvol 2516067 713390 1691210 30% /var/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/usrvol 1093938 869330 210725 80% /usr/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/tmpvol 2097152 823990 1193607 41% /tmp/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/homevol 20480 14694 5786 72% /other/home/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/optvol 2097152 1933605 153379 93% /opt
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system administration framework
consistent management• command line (CLI), Character, X11/Motif, and web-based management tools
(Java)• common single system and cluster management• Java-based Management Station• management from a PC
HP-UX 11i V1.6• system administration manager (SAM)• service control manager• OpenViewTru64 UNIX® V5.1A• Sysman• Insight Manager
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# sysman
Use the following keys when working with SysMan applications on a terminal:
Field Navigation:
Use the Tab key or the arrow keys to move from field to field.
Scrolling:
Use Page Up/Page Down (or Prev/Next) to scroll.
Selection:
Use the space bar to:
- toggle the selection in a list box
- choose an item in a radio box
- enable or disable a check box (toggle button)
Activation:
Use the enter (return) key or the space bar to click on the current button.
Pressing enter when a list box item is selected acts like a double-click;
it invokes the default button for the list box.
Note that OK, Cancel, Apply, and Help can always be invoked using the
Escape key and the underlined letter in the button (e.g. Esc-O for OK)
Help:
The Help key or the F1 key displays the help for the current window.
Esc-H works as well.
For detailed help on the keyboard bindings, please refer to the on-line help.
Tru64 UNIX® Sysman
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SysMan Menu on opsone.zk3.dec.comTru64 UNIX system management tasks:+------------------------------------------------------------------+|>+ Accounts || + Hardware || + Mail || + Monitoring and Tuning || + Networking || + Printing || + Security || + Software || + Storage || + Support and Services || + TruCluster Specific || + General Tasks || || |+------------------------------------------------------------------+
Select Find... Help On Item=========== <CTRL-G> FOR KEYBOARD HELP =============Exit Options... Help
Tru64 UNIX® Sysman
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Tru64 UNIX® sysman -menu
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HP-UX SAM# sam
Starting the terminal version of sam...
To move around in sam:
- use the "Tab" key to move between screen elements
- use the arrow keys to move within screen elements
- use "Ctrl-F" for context-sensitive help anywhere in sam
On screens with a menubar at the top like this:
------------------------------------------------------
|File View Options Actions Help|
| ---- ---- ------- ------------------------------- ---|
- use "Tab" to move from the list to the menubar
- use the arrow keys to move around
- use "Return" to pull down a menu or select a menu item
- use "Tab" to move from the menubar to the list without selecting a menu item
- use the spacebar to select an item in the list
On any screen, press "CTRL-K" for more information on how to use the keyboard.
Press "Return" to continue...
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HP-UX SAM┌ === System Administration Manager (carly.zk3.dec.com) (1) ┐│File View Options Actions Help ││ Press CTRL-K for keyboard help. ││SAM Areas ││──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────││ Source Area ││┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │││ SAM Accounts for Users and Groups -> ^ │││ SAM Auditing and Security -> │││ SAM Backup and Recovery -> │││ SAM Disks and File Systems -> │││ SAM Kernel Configuration -> │││ SAM Networking and Communications -> │││ SAM Performance Monitors -> │││ SAM Peripheral Devices -> │││ SAM Printers and Plotters -> │││ SAM Process Management -> │││ Other Resource Management -> │ │││ SAM Routine Tasks -> │ │││ SAM Run SAM on Remote Systems │ │││ SD-UX Software Management -> v ││└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ││ │└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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HP-UX SAM
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installation and software package tools
software distributor (swlist, swinstall,…)software subset management (setld)
Ignite-uxbootable tape
Ignite-uxremote installation service
Ignite-uxinstallation cloning
Ignite-uxgraphical installation
instant ignitionfactory installed software (FIS)
HP-UX 11i v1.6Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A
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installation and software package tools detail – 1 of 2
ignite-uxcollection of command line, curses (RIS) and sysman sub-menus
centralized GUI installation management interface
installation serving
graphical install from boot
pre-installed software
when installing manually on-platform, will be curses based until configuration stage
graphical installation – detects graphics head as console and starts an x-server on media boot
ignite-ux•graphical•push or pull•integrated with cloning
remote installation service (RIS)•curses•pull only•not integrated with cloning
instant ignitionfactory installed software (FIS)
HP-UX 11i v1.6Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A
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installation and software package tools detail – 2 of 2
software installation tool
bootable tape
installation cloning
software distributor (swlist, swinstall,…)
software subset management (setld)
supported in ignite-ux bootable tape feature supported
ignite-ux server “config files”: allows definition of configuration options to be set as well as software components to be loaded on clientgolden image/OS archive: mechanism to create a binary “tar” ball of a system’s installation for re-installation or cloning
installation cloning: can create definition text files to be read by installation engine to customize the system being installed
HP-UX 11i v1.6Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A
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software packaging hierarchy
filefiles
filesetsubset
productproduct
Bundleno equivalent
operating environmentno equivalent
HP-UX 11i v1.6Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A
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pre-packaged OS software options– o/s environments
HP-UX has o/s environments• distribution has 5 ”meta” subset groupings based on platform role to
simplify pricing, distribution, installation and configuration• commercial operating environments
– 11i Mission Critical Operating Environment– 11i Enterprise Operating Environment– 11i Operating Environment
• technical operating environments– 11i Minimal Technical Environment– 11i Technical Computing Operating Environment (TCOE)
Tru64 UNIX® - no equivalent, pick and choose from one distribution
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hp-ux 11i operating environments
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Tru64 UNIX® graphical installation
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HP-UX installation screen
Welcome to the HP-UX installation/recovery process!
Use the <tab> key to navigate between fields, and the arrow keys
within fields. Use the <return/enter> key to select an item.
Use the <return> or <space-bar> to pop-up a choices list. If the
menus are not clear, select the "Help" item for more information.
Hardware Summary: System Model: 9000/800/L2000-44
+---------------------+----------------+-------------------+ [ Scan Again ]
| Disks: 20 (329.9GB) | Floppies: 0 | LAN cards: 9 |
| CD/DVDs: 1 | Tapes: 0 | Memory: 8192Mb |
| Graphics Ports: 0 | IO Buses: 10 | CPUs: 4 | [ H/W Details ]
+---------------------+----------------+-------------------+
[ Install HP-UX ]
[ Run a Recovery Shell ]
[ Advanced Options ]
[ Reboot ] [ Help ]
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Tru64 UNIX® remote installation server (RIS)# ris
Checking accessibility of RIS areas.... done
*** RIS Utility Main Menu ***
a) ADD a client
d) DELETE software products
i) INSTALL software products
l) LIST registered clients
m) MODIFY a client
r) REMOVE a client
s) SHOW software products in remote installation environments
x) EXIT
Enter your choice:
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HP-UX Ignite – ignite-ux server
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event systems
polling emphasis – detecting when something changes
logging emphasis – notifying and logging when a change is reported
heavily used in clustering, made available on stand-alone, less part of core os infrastructure
integrated into and highly used in base system as well as clustering
Integrated with UNIX ASCII and binary logs
programming API, graphical monitoring tool (SAM)
programming and scripting APIs, graphical monitoring tool (sysman)
works cluster wideworks cluster wide
framework to define, post, wait for and log “events”
framework to define, post, wait for and log “events”
event monitoring service (EMS)event management system (EVM)
HP-UX 11i v1.6Tru64 UNIX® v5.1A
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where technology is headed why things connect becomes more
important than how they connect.where information technology
capabilities are going:
• SMP and platform partitioning…• resource management frameworks…• OLAR/RAS...• clustering…• disaster tolerance…
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SMP and platform partitioning
Vpars (soft)
Npartitions (hard)hard partitionsplatform partitioning
mpsched, psrsetrunon, pset_xxx
processor setsprocessor sets
soft processor affinity with binding options
soft processor affinity with binding options
SMP scheduling
HP-UX 11i v1.6Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A
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resource management - frameworksTru64 UNIX® V5.1A• class scheduler
– maximum– cpu only
• Aurema ARMtech™– ShareExpress- built in– ShareExtra/ShareEnterprise – extra
– reservations or shares– cpu – others planned
HP-UX 11i v1.6• Process Resource Manager (PRM)
– minimum and or maximum share– cpu, diskio, memory– prmconfig, xprm– /etc/prmconf
• Workload Manager WLM– extension to PRM– prioritized service level objectives– resource adjustment to meet
application objectives (feedback)– adjusts to admin specified
schedule,application input,..• WebQoS
– plug in for WebServers
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OLAR/RAS
Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A• OLAR CPUs• memory troller• automatic off-line bad CPUs• multi-path storage I/O
– automatic/transparent– performance/HA
HP-UX 11i v1.6• OLAR PCI I/O devices• memory error detection and recover• notify and manual off-line bad cpus• storage path failover – pvlinks,
– part of cluster, not base O/S– no load-balancing
– iCOD
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clustering
TruCluster Serversingle image cluster for failover or parallel applications (Oracle OPS/Oracle9i RAC) using single cluster wide rooted-tree filesystem
MC/ServiceGuard Extension for Oracle9i®
Real Application Clusters (SG eRAC) (formally MC/LockManager and MC/ServiceGuard OPS Edition)
was ASE Production Server (PS) – now superseded by TruCluster Server
failover clustering with selected hooks for parallel applications (OPS/RAC) on raw devices
MC/ServiceGuardwas Available Server Environment (ASE) – now superseded by TruCluster Server
failover clustering
HP-UX 11i v1.6Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A
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HP-UX 11i v1.6 MC/ServiceGuard extension for Oracle9i® RAC (SG eRAC) with Oracle9i Real Application Clusters
Node 1
Oracleexecutables
public network
Node 2
Oracleexecutables
system root,/usr, and /var
system root,/usr, and /var
Node 3
Oracleexecutables
system root,/usr, and /var
Oracle data files(raw)
Node n
Oracleexecutables
system root,/usr, and /var
cluster interconnect
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Tru64 UNIX®/TruCluster Server V5.1Awith Oracle9i® Real Application Clusters
node 1
public network
node 2 node 3 node n
cluster interconnect
Oracle data files(AdvFS filesystem)
Oracleexecutables
cluster commonroot, /usr, & /var
memberspecific
“boot” area(/vmunix, swap, ...)
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Sun or Veritas Clustering with a Cluster File System
Node 1
Oracleexecutables
public network
Node 2
Oracleexecutables
system root,/usr, and /var
system root,/usr, and /var
Node 3
Oracleexecutables
system root,/usr, and /var
Node n
Oracleexecutables
system root,/usr, and /var
cluster interconnect
/dataapplication data and executable can be on common shared CFS file system
performance constraints can exist in immature CFSs
RAC on Veritas can use CFS for data
RAC on SunCluster must use raw for data
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disaster toleranceHP-UX 11i v1.6 DT• MC/ServiceGuard based with
either:– hardware support in HP XP disk
arrays or EMC Symmetrix disk arrays
– software based MirrorDisk/UX– Oracle Standby Database (called
DataGuard in Oracle9i)• Standard Products
– Extended MC/ServiceGuard clusters (a.k.a. Campus Clusters)
– MetroCluster– ContinentalClusters
Tru64 UNIX® V5.1A DT•TruCluster Server based with either:
– hardware based mirroring using StorageWorks data replication manager (DRM)
–Oracle Standby Database (called DataGuard in Oracle9i)
•Custom systems (CS) integrates solution as DT Campus
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TruCluster Server disaster-tolerant solutions
Local TruCluster
Serversingle clusterunattendedfailoversame data center
CampusCluster
single clusterunattendedfailoversame sitesystems up to 6km apart
distance
flexibility,functionality
DTS GeoPlex (future)
separate clusters“push-button” failoverinitially 100km distancesingle mgt domain
System failure,Certain SW bugs,
Certain human error
FireBuilding damage
Power outage,Tornado, Fire,
Localized flooding
Hurricane,Earthquake,
Flood
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ServiceGuard disaster-tolerant solutions
Local MC/SGCluster
single clusterunattendedfailoversame data center
single clusterunattendedfailoversystems up to 100km apart
distance
flexibility,functionality
MetroClustersingle clusterunattendedfailoversame city/regionhp Continuous Access or EMC SRDFdata centers up to 100KM apart
Continental Clusters
separate clusters“push-button” failoverdata sites at unlimited distance!
System failure,Certain SW bugs,
Certain human error
FireBuilding damage
Power outage,Tornado, Fire,
Localized flooding
Hurricane,Earthquake,
Flood
Extended MC/SGCluster
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ReferencesTru64 UNIX® doc set on-Iine
http://www.tru64unix.compaq.com/docs/pub_page/doc_list.html
HP 11i doc set on-linehttp://docs.hp.com/hpux/11i/index.html
Operating Environmentshttp://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/os/11i/hpwoldfullpres.pdf
Configuring Peripheralshttp://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/B2355-90698/B2355-90698.html
Managing Systems and Workgroups: A Guide for HP-UX System Administratorshttp://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/B2355-90742/B2355-90742.html
Ignite-UX Administration Guide (Installation)http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/B2355-90749/B2355-90749.html
HP-UX System Administration Taskshttp://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/B2355-90672/B2355-90672.html