Post on 08-Feb-2019
transcript
250 kg of N to produce
3.000 kg of grains. (an equivalent of 600 kg of ureia)
The Soybean needs a high quantity of
Nitrogen
stoller.com.br
500
400
300
200
100
0
N s
up
ply
(kg/h
a)
15 DAE
NODULE FORMATION
BEGINS 5 TO 8 DAYS
AFTER EMERGENCE
BNF STARTS 15 DAYS
AFTER EMERGENCE
BNF PEAK IN
FLOWERING UNTIL
GRAINS FILL.
SOURCE: ZOTARELLI (2000) - EMBRAPA
(R5)
Grain fill
NITROGEN SUPPLY OVER CROP CYCLE
(R1/R2)
Flowering
V6
The Biological Nitrogen Fixation – BNF is the most
economical, profitable, efficient and environmentally
friendly way to obtain N for soybean crops.
Therefore, a good inoculant and a good inoculation
are essencial to obtain high yield levels.
Pictures: Adenilson Santana.
stoller.com.br
On the other hand
The bacteria on seed start do die
immediately.
WHY A NEW INOCULANT?
stoller.com.br
The bacteria on seed start do die
immediately.
WHY A NEW INOCULANT?
Fungicides, inseticides and other
products greatly increase the stress of
bacteria.
On the other hand
stoller.com.br
The bacteria on seed start do die
immediately.
WHY A NEW INOCULANT?
Fungicides, inseticides and other
products greatly increase the stress of
bacteria.
In the time between inoculation and
sowing, mortality increases.
On the other hand
stoller.com.br
The bacteria on seed start do die
immediately.
WHY A NEW INOCULANT?
Fungicides, inseticides and other
products greatly increase the stress of
bacteria.
In the time between inoculation and
sowing, mortality increases.
Bacteria on adverse soil take time to
reproduce, delaying the onset of nodulation.
On the other hand
stoller.com.br
A bactéria sobre as sementes
começa a morrer imediatamente.
POR QUE UM NOVO INOCULANTE?
Fungicidas, inseticidas e outros produtos
aumentam em muito o stress da bactéria.
No tempo que decorre entre a inoculação
e a semeadura a mortalidade aumenta.
A bactéria caindo em solo adverso demora a
se reproduzir, atrasando o início da nodulação.
Por outro lado
Therefore
We need an inoculant with much more
resistant bacteria.
stoller.com.br
TRADICIONAL CONCEPTS OF A GOOD INOCULANT
Specialized in stablish nodulation
Not only number,
But also good bacteria
STRAINS
CONCENTRATION
stoller.com.br
I MEAN...
Larger size of bacteria
Large production of storage material, polyssacharides
Increase survival under adverse conditions, even
with 10 days pre inoculation (treated seeds)
Longer shelf live= 18 months
Thicker layer of polysaccharides for protection and
energy store
stoller.com.br
To evaluate the viability of Masterfix Premier
for pre-inoculation up to 10 days
MASTERFIX PREMIER EXPERIMENTS (SOYBEAN)
Researcher:
Krisle da
Silva
Institution:
EMBRAPA
Place:
Boa vista/RR
Researcher:
Alessandro Braccini
Institution:
UEM
Place:
Maringá/PR
Researcher:
Edson Souchie
Institution:
IFGO
Place:
Rio Verde/GO
Researcher:
Alessandro Braccini
Institution:
UNESP
Place:
Jaboticabal/SP
stoller.com.br
MASTERFIX PREMIER EXPERIMENTS (SOYBEAN)
TREATMENTSSEED TREATMENT
(Sowing day)
SEED TREATMENT(10 Days before sowing)
Control -- --
Standart inoculant 2 ml/kg --
Masterfix Premier® -- 2 ml/kg
Treatments
All treatments received two packages of pesticide from Bayer and Syngenta
stoller.com.br
MASTERFIX PREMIER EXPERIMENTS (SOYBEAN)
TREATMENTSMaringá
(PR)
Rio Verde
(GO)
Jaboticabal
(SP)
Boa Vista
(RR)AVERAGE
Control 3,013 2,762 2,932 1,828 2,762
Standart
inoculant
(2 mL/Kg)
on sowing day
3,813 3,020 3,415 2,609 3,020
Masterfix
Premier®
(2 mL/Kg)
10 days before
sowing
4,119 3,036 3,293 3,000 3,036
Results
stoller.com.br
To evaluate the viability of Masterfix Premier on the
day of sowing and for pre-inoculation of up to 10
days
MASTERFIX PREMIER FIELD TRAILS (SOYBEAN)
Place:
Iporã/PR
Place:
Luis Eduardo
Magalhães/BA
stoller.com.br
Results
MASTERFIX PREMIER FIELD TRAILS (SOYBEAN)
Place:
Luis Eduardo
Magalhães/BA
2675
2857 2876
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000+201kg/ha+182kg/ha
2 ml/kg
(sowing day)
2 ml/kg
(Sowing day)
2 ml/kg
(10 days before
sowing day)
Standart inoculant
stoller.com.br
Results
MASTERFIX PREMIER FIELD TRAILS (SOYBEAN)
Place:
Iporã/PR4131
4506
4191
3850
3950
4050
4150
4250
4350
4450
4550
4650
+60kg/ha
+375kg/ha
2 ml/kg
(sowing day)
2 ml/kg
(Sowing day)
2 ml/kg
(10 days before
sowing day)
+14%Number of nodes
on the main root
Standart inoculant
stoller.com.br
NºNodules/Princ
ipal root
Nº Nodules/Principal
root
Mario Kuroda - LEM/BA
15/16 Season
Sowing day
10 days before
USE OF BACTERIAL PHYSIOLOGICAL ENHANCERS
HIGHER SURVIVAL RATE(greater number of bacteria in a better physiological state)
Higher resistance to defensives
Higher resistance toadverse conditions
Superior to inoculants(to be used on the day of sowing)
Allows pre-inoculation(up to 10 days before sowing)
stoller.com.br
NODULE ACTIVATION AND NITROGENASE ACTIVITY
CoLEG-HEMOGLOBINE
COMPOUND
(B12 VITAMIN)
OXYGEN
REGULATION
MoCO-FACTOR OF
NITROGENASE
ENZYME
NITROGEN
FIXATION
+
Co-Mo SUPPLY
stoller.com.br
Source: Mariangela Hungria (Embrapa - Londrina/PR)
Without Inoculant
Inoculant (I)
2.310 kg/ha
Inoculant (I) + Co + Mo
Inoculant (I) + 200 Kg de N
2.420 kg/ha
2.912 kg/ha
3.051 kg/ha
BIOLOGICAL FIXATION OF NITROGEN
RED NODULES:
Active
GREEN NODULES:
Inactive
stoller.com.br
Iron deficiency in European Soils
2ml/kg of seed or less (1ml/kg) in poor iron soils
Possibility to move from the seed treatment into to foliar Spray (V4 –V6)
This procedure also avoid bacteria mortality
stoller.com.br
SYMBIOTIC
BACTERIASASSOCIATIVE FREE
LIVING BACTERIAS
Azospirillum brasilense
Legume plants(soybean, peanuts and dry beans)
RhizobiumBradyrhizobium
Various
crops
DIAZOTROFIC BACTERIA
Co-inoculation with Azospirillum and Bradyrhizobium results in
the early formation of nodules, and increases the number of
roots available to be infected by rhizobia, increasing the
number and weight of nodules.
(HUNGRIA et al., 2015) ”“
Auxin: AIA providing greater cell elongation
of nodules.
Roots development
Azospirillum is capable of producing AIA
in concentrations of the order of 10 to
100x lower than that required for the
plant.
+
stoller.com.br
CO INOCULATION EXPERIMENTS
To evaluate co-inoculation efficiency on
soybean nodulation and yield
Researcher:
Prof. Alessandro Braccini
Institution:
UEM
Place:
Maringá/PR
stoller.com.br
CO INOCULATION EXPERIMENTS
TREATMENTS DOSAGE (IN FURROW)
1 Control --
2 Masterfix®¹ 300 ml/ha
3
Masterfix®¹
+
Masterfix
Gramíneas®²
300 ml/ha¹ + 100 ml/ha²
4 300 ml/ha¹ + 200 ml/ha²
5 300 ml/ha¹ + 300 ml/ha²
6 300 ml/ha¹ + 400 ml/ha²
Treatments
stoller.com.br
CO INOCULATION EXPERIMENTS
TREATMENTSDOSAGE
IN FURROW
NUMBER OF
NODULES
(MAIN ROOT)
1 Control -- 10.25
2 Masterfix®¹ 300 ml/ha¹ 21.5
3
Masterfix®¹
Masterfix® Gramíneas²
300 ml/ha¹
100 ml/ha²23.8
4300 ml/ha¹
200 ml/ha²24.5
5300 ml/ha¹
300 ml/ha²26
6300 ml/ha¹
400 ml/ha²26.3
Results
+11%
+12%
+21%
+22%
stoller.com.br
CO INOCULATION EXPERIMENTS RESULTS
36094030
4380 4341 4458 4425
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
Source: Prof. Braccini,2013 (Maringá/PR)
Control
300 ml/ha (furrow)
100 ml/ha
(furrow)
200 ml/ha
(furrow)
300 ml/ha
(furrow)
400 ml/ha
(furrow)
+350kg/ha
+428kg/ha
+395kg/ha
Yie
ld(K
g/ha)
+311kg/ha
Max. yield Average
Yield
Average losses
(Kg/Ha)
abiótic
losses
Crop (Kg/Ha) (Kg/Ha) Biotics Abiotics (% max.
yield)
Corn 19.300 4.600 1.952 12.700 65,8
Wheat 14.500 1.880 726 11.900 82,1
Soybean 7.390 1.610 666 5.120 69,3
Sorgum 20.100 2.830 1.051 16.200 80,6
Oat 10.600 1.720 924 7.960 75,1
Barley 11.400 2.050 765 8.590 75,4
Potato 94.100 28.300 17.775 50.900 54,1
Sugar bet 121.000 42.600 17.100 61.300 50,7
Adaptado de: Buchanan, Gruissem and Jones. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants, 2000.
COBALT
STRESS
S-Adenosil-
metionina
ETHYLENEÁcido 1-aminociclopropano-
1-carboxílico (ACC)
ACC sintase ACC oxidase
Epinasty (leaves face down)
Quickly senescence
Leaves, flowers and pods abortion
Root growth inhibition
x
stoller.com.br
Ethylene production even in “normal conditions”
Wheeler et al, 2004
Ethylene is 10.000 x more toxic to plants than the
CO (carbono monoxide) is to human beings
To plants the damage level is 5 ppb
Metodologia: Contagem de 5 plantas aleatórias por tratamento (70 dias após a aplicação)
4
grãos/vage
m
3
grãos/vage
m
2
grãos/vage
m
Control
Evaluation
+ 1,4 sc/ha
stoller.com.br
Conclusion
1. Inoculation can provide 100% of N for soybean crop, therefore the inoculante must be a good inoculant;
2. Some nutrients, like Co-Mo, can increase nodule activity and BNF eficiency;
3. The synergistic effect between Bradyrhizobium and Azospirilumprovides earlier and increased nodulation;
4. Stressful conditions reduce yield substancially, physiological tools increase flower and pod fixation..
stoller.com.br
Stoller’s soybean portfólio
600ml/90kg of
seed 1st year
áreas*
*It is posible to reduce the dosage year after year inoculation
150ml/ha
or
1-2ml/kg seed 0,5 – 1L/ha