Post on 07-May-2015
transcript
STRESS AND MENTAL STRESS AND MENTAL ILLNESSILLNESS
DR LOKESH BABUNEURO PSYCHIATRISTSNEHA MANO VIKASA KLENDRA ANDCHETAN B V BPSYCHOTHERAPISTSNEHAMANOVIKASA KENDRATUMKUR
WHAT IS STRESS?
IT CAN BE DEFINED AS A DEMAND ON A HUMAN BEING.THE DEMAND CAN BE BIOLOGICAL OR PSYCHOSOCIAL IN NATURE AND IT NEGATIVELY INFLUENCES ON THE HOMEOSTASIS OF BODY,MIND AND PERSONALITY
STRESS IS NEGATVE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO THE SITIUATIONS AND EVENTS
WHAT IS STRESSOR?
STRESS AND STRESSOR IS ALWAYS CONFUSING
STESSOR REFERS TO THE IGNITING AGENT,STRESS TO THE RESPONSE
STRESSSELYE IS (1936) IS CONSIDERD AS FATHER OF STRESS
RESEARCH AND HE MADE IT POPULAR
HE DISCOVERED THAT VARIETY OF THE PHYSICAL STIMULS SUCH AS REMOVING KIDNEY,OVARY OR ANY OTHER ORGAN AND PHYSICAL STIMULI THAT PROVOKED BY COLD ,HEAT IS LED TO ULCERATION OF THE GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT AND INCREASED ACTIVITY IN ADREANAL CORTEX.
ACCORDING TO HIM STRSS IS HAVING THREE PHASEALARAM PHASES HOMEOSTAIC PROCESS ARE DISRUPTED AND
RAPID CHANGS OCCUR IN BLOOD PRESSURE,HEART RATE,GLUCOSE LEVALS AND
ELECROLYTE BALANCERSISTANCE PHASE
HERE ORGANISM WOULD ACHIEVE ADAPTATION TO THE HARMFULL EFFECTS OF STRESS
EXHAUSTION PHASE FURTHER EXPOSURE TO THE STRESSOR LEADS PATHOLOGICAL CHAGES LIKE ULCEAR,IMMUNE SYSTEM.
STRESS AND BRAIN
LIVING ORGANISM STRIVE TOWARDS DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM
CALLED
HOMEOSTASIS
IT CAN BE THREATENED BY VARIETIES OF BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL VAIRIABLES
LIMBIC BRAIN [ HIPPOCAMPUS,AMYGDALA AND FRONTALCORTEX ] ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR STRESS RESPONSE
STRESS INCREASES THE PRODUCTION OF CORTICOCORTITROPHIN HORMONES AND CHANGES THE LEVAL OF SEROTONIN AND DOPOMINE
BIOLOGICAL COPING SYSTEM
PHYSIOLGICALLY THER ARE TWO WAYS
ALLOSTASISALLOSATIC LOAD
THE ABILITY TO RE ESTABLISH HOMEOSTSIS THROUGH CERTAIN CHANGES
EXCESSIVE OR PROLONGED STRESS DISTURBS HOMEOSTASIS AND ULTIMATLEY LEADS TO DISEASE
ADAPTIVE
SELF PRESERVATIVE
SHORT LASTINGSELF DESTRUTIVE
LONG LOSTING
COPING WITH STRESS
INTO ACTION TO PREVENT,REDUCE AND AVOID STRESSORCOPING MECHANISM ARE BROUHHT
ACCORDING TO LAZARUS PSYCHOLOGICALLY THERE ARE TWO WAYS
FIGHT OR FLIGHT CONSERVATIVE OR
WITHDRAWL
ACTIVE PASSIVE
GOAL ORIENTED
FIND COMPENSETATION
GET SOCIAL SUPPORT
EVADES
SUBMITS OR RESIGNS
DENIAL
DISTANCESSUPRESSION
LAZARUS (1966) LATER INVENTED THAT PSYCHOSOCIAL EVENTS,DEMANDS AND SITUATIONS ALSO IFLUENCES ON THE HOMEOSTSIS OF AN ORGANISM
EXAMPELS
FAILURES IN EXAMS,BUSINESS,LOVE ETC
LIVING ALONE,DIVORCE,DEATH OF A FAMILY MEMBER
FINANCIAL CRISIS,DEPENDENCE,
JOB DISSATISFACTION,LOSS,DEPROMOTION
THESE STRESSORS INFLUENCES THE EMOTIONS
JOY TO DESPONDENCY
TRANQULITY TO ANXIETY ,MELLOWNESS TO ANGER
INWARD PEACE TO GUILT,GENEROSITY TO ENVY
SELF CONFIDENCE TO SHAME,CONTENTMENT TO BITTERNESS
STRESS AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
STRESS EVOKE PSYCHIC TENSION AND IFLUENCES ON BEHAVIOUR
STRESSED SUBJECTS MAY BE
IRRITABLE
TENSE
AGGRESSIVE
DISTRACTED
DISINTRSTED
ANXIOUS
AGITATED AND SLEEPLESSNESS
ANXIETY DISORDERS
ANXIETY DISORDER IS MOST PREVALENT MENTAL DISORDER IN THE GENERAL POPULATION
EVERY ONE EXPERIENCES ANXIETY AND ANXIETY IS ALERTING SIGNAL;IT WARNS OF IMPENDING DANGER AND ENABELS A PERSON TO TAKE MEASURE TO DEAL WITH A THREAT.ANXIETY IS A RESPONSE TO A THREAT THAT IS UNKNOWN,INTERNAL,VAGUE OR CONFLICTUAL.
FEAR IS A RESPONSE TO A KNOWN,EXTERNAL,DEFINITE, OR NON CONFLICTUAL THREAT;
FEAR VERSUS ANXIETY
BIOLOGICAL CAUSES
ACCORDING TO SIGMUND FREUD,CONFLICTS BETWEEN ID,EGO AND SUPER EGO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ANXIETY
ACCORDING TO BEHAVIOURAL AND LEARNING THEORIES ,ANXIETY IS CONDITINAL RESPONSE TO SPECIFIC ENVIORNMENTAL STIMULUS
EXISTENTIAL THEORY IS THAT, ANY PERSON EXPERIENCE FEELINGS OF LIVING IN PURPOSLESS LIVING AND ANXIETY RESPONSE IS TO PERCIEVED VOID IN EXISTENCE AND MEANING
BIOLOGICALLY; STIMULATION IN AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM CAUSES CORDIVASCULAR (PALPITATION), MUSCULAR(HEAD ACHE, GASTRI INTESTINAL(DIARRHEA) AND RESPIRATORY CHANGES
NEURO TRANSMITTERS LIKE NOR EPINEPHRINE, SEROTONIN, GAMA AMINO BUTYRIC ACID ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ANXIETY
PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSES
SOCIAL CAUSES
FAULTY PARENTING
HOSTILE ENVIORNMENT & PEOPLE
UNRESOLVED CONFLICTS
DEFFECTIVE LEARNING PROCESS
COPING SKILLS
HIGH TARGETS AND PRESSURE
LIMITED SOURCE OF MONEY,TIME,SUPPORT
CERTAIN JOBS - DRIVING,BUSINESS, LEADERS,EXECUTIVES,POLICE, ARMY ETC
SYMPTOMS IN ANXIETYPSYCHOLOGICAL
APPREHENSION, VAGUE FEAR (FEAR OF SOMETHING), LACK OF ATTENTION
POOR CONCENTRATION AND LEARNING
IMPAIRED MEMORY
IN ABILITY TO TAKE PROPER DECISION
IRRIATABILTY SHORT TEMPER
ILLUSION IMPULSIVE
BIOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS
INCREASED HEART BEATS MISSED HEART BEAT
BREATHING DIFFICULTY CONSTRICTON IN CHEST
TREMORS IN HAND LACK OF APPETITE
INDIGESION
NAUSEAVOMITTING
DIARRHOEA
FREQUENT URINATION
SLEEP DISTURBANCE
NIGHTMARE
BEDWETTINGINABILTY TO SIT AND STAND
PREMATURE EJACULATION
LACK OF SEXUAL PERFORMANCEINTREST AND SATISFACTION
WEAKNESS AND FATIGABILITY
TYPES OF ANXIETY DISORDES
PANIC DISORDER WITH OR WITHOUT AGROAPHOBIA
AGORIPHOBIA WITH OR WITHOUT PANIC DISORDER
SPECIFIC PHOBIA
SOCIAL PHOBIA
OBCESSIVE CIMPULSION DISORDER( O C D )
POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD)
ACUTE STRESS DISORDER
GENEARALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER
Feared situationsFeared situations
Social(where one may be judged)
Performance(where a public performance is required)
Attending functions Attending functions (weddings* / parties)(weddings* / parties)
• Conversation in a Conversation in a groupDatinggroupDating
• Speaking on the telephoneSpeaking on the telephone• Meeting peopleMeeting people• Eating in a restaurantEating in a restaurant
•PUPLIC SPEAKING
• Using a keyboard in Using a keyboard in publicpublic
• Playing sportsPlaying sports• Using a public toiletUsing a public toilet• Taking a testTaking a test• Trying on clothes in a Trying on clothes in a
shopshop
SOCIAL PHOBIA
PANIC ATTACKA DISCRETE PERIOD OF INTENSE FEAR OR DISCOMFORT IN WHICH FOLLOWING SYMPTOMS DEVELOP ABRUPTLY
PALPITATIONS,POUNDING HEART OR ACCELERATED HEART RATE
SWEATING
TREMBLING AND SHAKING
FEELING OF CHOKENESS
CHEST PAIN AND DISCOMFORT
NAUSEA AND ABDOMINAL DISTRESS
FEELING DIZZY,UNSTEADY,LIGHTHEADED OR FAINT
FEAR OF DYING
FEAR OF LOOSING CONTROL OR GOING CRAZY
NUMBENESS AND TINGLING
CHILLS AND HOT FLASHES
Anxiety disorder in children
EXCESSIVE CRYING
NOT TAKING PROPER FOOD
VOMITTING AND DIARRHOEA
SLEEP DISTURBANCE
NIGHTMARES
BED WETTING AND LOSS OF BLADDER CONTROL
EXCESSIVE THUMB SUCKING
PLAYING WITH GENITALS
IRRATIONAL FEARS
SPEECH DISTURBANCE
STAMMERING
CONDUCT DISORDERS
DRUG ABUSE,SEXUAL PROMISCUITY
PSYCHOSOMATIC ILLNESS; HEADACHE ABDOMINAL PAIN
DYSENTRY ASTHAMA OBESITY
TREATMENT
DRUGSANXIOLYTICS
DIAZEPAM CHLORO DIAZEPAM NITRIZEPAM
LORAZEPAMALPROZOLAMPROPRANOLOL
PSYCHOTHERAPY COUNSELLING
FAMILY THERAPY
&
BEHAVIOUR THERAPY
BIOFEEDBACK, MBT
PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION,
YOGA,PRANAYAMA
MEDITATON
(SILENT SUFFERING)DEPRESSED
Mood disordersMOOD IS A FEELING PART OF THE MIND ,IT IS PERVASIVE AND SUSTAINED FEELING TONE THAT IS EXPERIENCED INTRNALLY AND INFLUENCES A PERSON’S BEHAVIOUR AND PERCEPTION OF THE WORLD
AFFECT IS EXTERNAL EXPRESSION OF THE MOOD
MAINLY THREE TYPES OF MOODS ARE THERE
NORMAL ELEVATED
NORMAL PERSON SENSES CONTROL OVER THE MOODS AND AFFECTS
ABNORMAL PERSON SENSES LOSS OF CONTROL AND EXPERIENCES GREAT DISTRESS
TYPES OF MOOD DISORDER
MOOD EPISODE
MOOD DISORDER
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE
MANIC EPISODE
MIXED EPISODE
HYPOMANIC EPISODE
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
DYSTHYMIC DISORDER
BIPOLAR DISORDER
BIPOLAR II DISORDER
DEPRESSIVE
MOOD DISORDER DUE TO MEDICAL CONDITION
SUBSTANCE INDUCED MOOD DISORDER
DEPRESSIVE DISORDER NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
BIPOLAR I DISORDER
CYCLOTHYMIC DISORDER
NOT OTHERWISESPECIFIED
depression
DEPRESSION IS INTERNAL SADNESS AND DISTRESSED FEELING AND EPISODE MUST LAST AT LEAST TWO WEEKS
(SUFFERING)
MAIN FEATURES OF DEPRESSION
FEELING OF SADNESS,CRYING SPELLS
SELF BLAMING
INFERIROTY
GUILT
HOPLELESSNESS
WORTHLESNESS
LACK OF INTRESTS IN MAJOR ACTIVITES
DECREASED APPETITE AND SLEEP
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS
SUCIDAL THOUGHTS,WISHES AND ATTEMPTS
MULTIPLE AND VAGUE BODY ACHES
TYPES OF DEPRESSIVE DISORDES(UNIPOLAR DEPRESSION)
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER DYSTHYMIC DISORDER
DEPRESSIVE DISORDER NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
(ENDOGENEOUS)(NEUROTIC)
(DSM 4)
TWO TYPES OF DEPRESSION
ENDOGENEOUS NEUROTIC DEPRESSION
LOW LEVAL DOPAMINE AND SEROTONIN
WITH OR WITHOUT STRESS FACTOR
RESTLESS AGITATED
AVOID PEOPLE
GUILT FEELING
SUCCESSFUL ATTEMPTS OF SUCIDE
CAUSES OF DEPRESSIONBIOLOGICAL CAUSES
HIGH BP
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
HYPO THYROIDISM
PARKINSON’S DISEASE
FRONTAL LOBE TUMORS
VIRAL INFECTIONS
DECREASED NOREPINEPHRINE,SEROTONIN,DOPAMINE LEVALS
GENITIC FACTORS
GROWTH HORMONE
ACCORDING TO SIGMUND FREUD DISTURBANCE IN THE INFANT-MOTHER RELATIONSHIP DURING ORAL PHASE IS VULNERABLE TO DEPRESSION
PSYCHOSOCIAL CAUSES
EARLY ATTACMENTS,TRAUMATIC SEPERATION,VICTIMIZED BY PARENTS,LIVING UNDER DOMINATION,EXTRODINARY HIGH IDEALS.
PERSONALITY DISORDERS LIKE OCD ,HISTRIONIC AND BORDERLINE
LOSS OF MONEY,PEOPLE,STATUS ETC
UNEXPECTED LIFE EVENTS;DEATH,ACCIDENTS ETC
NEEDS ARE NOT FULLFILLED,
SOCIAL CAUSES
UNEXPECTED LFE EVENTS; DEATH,ACCIDENT ETC
LOSS OF MONEY ,PEOPLE ,STATUS,ETC
SEPERATION FROM LOVED ONES,LOVE FAILURES,
DISTURBED INTERPERSONEL RELATIONSHIPS
SIGNIFICANT PERSON DOES NOT RECIPROCATING LOVE,AFFECTION,TRUST ,COOPERATION
JOB RELATED PROBLEMS; LACK OF RECOGNITION, NO INCRIMENTS,UNWANTED TRANSFERS,HOSTILE ENVIORNMENT
COURT CASE,POLICE HARASMENT,UNEMPLOYMENT,INJUSTICE,
EXPLOITATION,CHEATING,INFIDIELITY OF SPOUSE,DIVORCE
PAINFULL AND LONG LOSTING DISEASES
TREATMENT FOR DEPRESSION
ANTI DPRESSANTDRUGS
IMIPRAMINE
AMITRIPTYLINE
DOXEPIN
FLOXETINE
SERTALINE
ELECTRO CONVULSIVE
THERAPY
INDUCING ELECTRICAL SHOCK FOR 0.5 SECONDS
MBT
PSYCHOTHERAPY AND COUNSELLING
BRAIN POLARAISER
FAMILY
COGNITIVE
PSYCHO ANALYSIS
REGRESSION
FIRST AID IN DEPRESSION
DO NOT BE ALONE
SHARE YOUR THOUGHT
DO NOT REMAIN IDLE
CHANGE THE PLACE AND SITIUATION
ALLOW POSITIVE THOUGHT
ACCEPT REALITY
TRY TO GET SUPPORT AND LOVE
DIVERT YOUR ATTENTION BY INVOLVING CREATIVE ACTIVITES
PRAY
&
MEDITATE
LOOK AT BRIGHTER SIDES OF THE LIFE AND PERSONALITY