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TEACHING ADVANCED PHONICS WITH THE SEVEN SYLLABLE TYPESCynthia Santosuosso
October 17, 2013
OBJECTIVES
Examine the seven syllables types Choose appropriate cutting patterns when
teaching syllabication Determine how learned skills will be applied
in the classroom setting
AGENDA
Background on syllables The seven syllable types and 5 cutting
patterns Classroom application
BACKGROUND
SOUND/SYMBOL ORGANIZATION
20 Vowel Sounds+24 Consonant Sounds 44 Total Speech Sounds
FACTS ABOUT PREDICTABILITY IN SPELLING
50% of words are predictable by rule. 36% of words are predictable by rule with
one error. 10% of words will be predictable with word
origin and morphology taken into account. Fewer than 4% of words are true oddities.
From Hanna, Hanna, Hodges, and Rudorf (1966)
WHY TEACH SYLLABLES?
To “chunk” unfamiliar words accurately and quickly: reincarnation; accomplishment
To distinguish similar words:scarred – scaryripping – ripeningslimmer – slimy
To remember spelling:written, writinggrapple, maplemisspelled,
accommodate
SPEECH AND WRITING ARE DIFFERENT
The syllable breaks that seem natural in speech do not guide conventions for dividing written syllables.
Syllable spelling patterns are cues to vowel pronunciation (short, long, diphthong).
scared /scarred biter/ bitter
K-1 PHONICS
Consonants Digraphs Short vowels Silent e Initial and final consonant blends R-controlled vowels Vowel teams Dipthongs Open/closed syllables Multi-syllable words
WHAT IS A SYLLABLE?
WHAT IS A SYLLABLE?
“A syllable is a word or a part of a word with one talking vowel.”
-Project Read
RULES ABOUT SYLLABLES
Every syllable has one vowel sound
The number of vowel sounds in a word equals the number of syllables.
A one syllable word is never divided. weak, feet, choice
HOW MANY SYLLABLES DO THESE WORDS HAVE?
napkin Atlantic
bandit distinct
frantic fantastic
HOW MANY SYLLABLES???
napkin (2) Atlantic (3)
bandit (2) distinct (2)
frantic (2) fantastic (3)
THE SEVEN SYLLABLE TYPESTHE FIVE “CUTTING PATTERNS”
SYLLABLE TYPE: CLOSED
SYLLABLE TYPE: CLOSED
A closed syllable is a syllable that ends in a consonant sound or sounds. It usually has a short vowel sound.
Sample words with closed syllables: staff ab / sent kit / ten it
Closed syllables account for almost half of the syllable types in text! This skill is introduced first, in grade 1.
We mark a the short vowel in a closed syllable with a breve ˘
EXAMPLE:
cat
WHICH ARE CLOSED SYLLABLES?USE A BREVE (˘) TO MARK THE CLOSED SYLLABLES.
pem raiz at
ve stips mi
ep utch prau
WHICH ARE CLOSED SYLLABLES?
pem raiz at
ve stips mi
ep utch prau
CUTTING PATTERN: VCCV
VCCV
The vccv pattern is usually cut between the two consonants.
1. Underline the talking vowels and mark them with a (v).2. Swoop between the vowels and pull down the consonants between the vowels.3. Cut the word according to the pattern.4. Check the position of the vowel in each syllable and mark the vowel.5. Read the word a syllable at a time and blend the syllables together.
EXAMPLE
combat
LET’S PRACTICE!
picnic attic
fantastic frantic
Atlantic drastic
HOW DO WE SYLLABICATE VCCV?
pic/nic at/tic
fan/tas/tic fran/tic
At/lan/tic dras/tic
SYLLABLE TYPE: OPEN
SYLLABLE TYPE: OPEN
An open syllable is a syllable that ends in a long vowel sound spelled with a single vowel letter.
Sample words with open syllables
me no she i / dol ri / val ti / tle
We mark a long vowel sound with a macron ¯
EXAMPLE:
she
WHICH ARE OPEN SYLLABLES? USE A MACRON (¯) TO MARK THE OPEN SYLLABLES.
ro me eam
pro strupe eng
du si hupe
OPEN SYLLABLES
ro me eam
pro strupe eng
du si hupe
CUTTING PATTERN: VCV
VCV
The vcv pattern is often divided after the first vowel. It can also divide after the consonant.
1. Underline the talking vowels and mark them with a (v).2. Swoop between the vowels and pull down the consonant between the vowels.3. Cut the word according to the pattern, place a dotted line after the first vowel.4. Check the position of the vowel in each syllable and mark the vowel.5. Read the word a syllable at a time and blend the syllables together, adjust if necessary.
VCV EXAMPLE
menu
LET’S PRACTICE
prevent acrobat
rapid robot
request lavish
HOW DO WE SYLLABICATE VCV?
pre/vent ac/ro/bat
rap/id ro/bot
re/quest lav/ish
SYLLABLE TYPE: SILENT E
SYLLABLE TYPE: SILENT E
A Vowel-Consonant-e syllable includes a vowel immediately followed by one consonant and the silent letter e.
Sample words with Vowel-Consonant-e syllables:
tune com / plete in / side note / book
Vowel-Consonant-e syllables generally have long vowel sounds. To mark the silent e syllable, mark the long vowel with a macron, ¯, and slash the silent e, /.
EXAMPLE
swipe
WHICH ARE SILENT E SYLLABLES?USE A MACRON (¯) TO MARK THE LONG VOWEL AND SLASH (/) THE SILENT E.
Also known as the “magic e.”
zope bame throigecupe stoove zinepake beace
SILENT E
zope bame throigecupe stoove zinepake beace
SYLLABLE TYPE: R-CONTROLLED
SYLLABLE TYPE: R-CONTROLLED
A vowel -r syllable includes vowels immediately followed by the letter r in the same syllable. ar, or, er, ir, ur
Sample words with vowel -r syllables:car / pet mem / ber thir / sty im / port The pronunciation of vowels within vowel -r
syllables can be difficult for students.
To mark the r-controlled syllable, use a tilde, ~.
EXAMPLE:
corn
WHICH ARE R CONTROLLED SYLLABLES?USE A TILDE (~) TO MARK THE R-CONTROLLED SYLLABLE.
nar pert morfire Cairo ferur zor irksire four
R-CONTROLLED
nar pert morfire Cairo ferur zor irksire four
SCHWA-AN ADDED BONUS
SCHWA
Schwa rules: It makes a syllable weak. It makes the short u sound. It is marked with
Examples:labelcanyonpedalbaconpilot
SYLLABLE TYPE: -CLE
SYLLABLE TYPE: -CLE
A consonant -le syllable ends with a consonant immediately followed by -le.
Sample words with consonant -le syllables: lit / tle puz / zle spar / kle mud / dle The pronunciation of consonant -le syllables
helps students improve pronunciation and spelling.
To syllabicate, count back three from the end and mark.
To mark –cle, insert the schwa symbol and slash the silent e (/).
EXAMPLE:
apple
WHICH ARE –CLE SYLLABLES?INSERT THE SCHWA ___ AND SLASH THE SILENT E (/) TO MARK THE -CLE SYLLABLES.
stable giggle
funnel lettuce
wrinkle brittle
-CLE
stable giggle
funnel lettuce
wrinkle brittle
CUTTING PATTERNS: VCCCV, VCCCCV
VCCCV AND VCCCCV The VCCCV and VCCCCV is usually cut after the first
consonant. If VCCCV or VCCCCV is in a compound word, divide
between the words.
1. Underline the talking vowels and mark them with a (v).2. Swoop between the vowels and pull down the consonant between the vowels.3. Cut the word according to the pattern, mark after the first consonant. Adjust if the word is compound and divide between the words.4. Check the position of the vowel in each syllable and mark the vowel.5. Read the word a syllable at a time and blend the syllables together.
EXAMPLE
hundred
LET’S PRACTICE:
comprehend landslide
construct pilgrim
instrument subtract
VCCCV/VCCCCV
com/pre/hend in/fre/quent
con/tract pil/grim
com/press sub/tract
SYLLABLE TYPE: VOWEL TEAMS
SYLLABLE TYPE: VOWEL TEAMS
A vowel team has two vowels. In a vowel team, only one vowel speaks. Four
of the five vowels have vowel teams. The vowel u does not team. Each vowel has a certain number of teams. The pronunciation of vowels within vowel team
syllables is usually long. To mark a vowel team, underline the team, and
mark the talking long vowel with a macron.
Sample words with vowel team syllables:boat hay re / main fel / low
VOWEL TEAMS BY THE NUMBERS
1. i: -ie2. a: ai -ay3. o: oa -ow -oe4. e: ee ea ie -ey
VOWEL TEAMS
play
VOWEL TEAMSUNDERLINE THE VOWEL TEAMS AND MARK WITH TALKING VOWEL WITH A MACRON.
eat stow
dume cho
oac pray
WHICH ARE VOWEL TEAM SYLLABLES?
eat stow
dume cho
oac pray
CUTTING PATTERN: VV
VV
Divide VV pattern between the two vowels.
1. Underline the talking vowels and mark them with a (v).2. Swoop between the vowels and pull down the consonant between the vowels.3. Cut the word according to the pattern, between the vowels.4. Check the position of the vowel in each syllable and mark the vowel.5. Read the word a syllable at a time and blend the syllables together.
EXAMPLE:
neon
LET’S PRACTICE
memorize
mayor
crayon
rodeo
VV
mem/or/ize
may/or
cray/on
ro/de/o
SYLLABLE TYPE: VOWEL DIPTHONG
SYLLABLE TYPE: VOWEL DIPHTHONGS
A dipthong has two vowels. There are five dipthong sounds. The vowel sounds are unique. The sign used to represent the dipthong
vowel sound is an oval ( )above the vowels.
Sample words with vowel dipthongs:laundry shower wool coins
EXAMPLE:
boil
VOWEL DIPTHONGS
1. oi, -oy2. -aw, au3. oo (boo), -ew, -ue, ui 4. ow, ou5. oo (look)
VOWEL DIPTHONGSUNDERLINE THE VOWEL DIPTHONGS AND MARK THEM WITH AN OVAL.
cook feet
turmoil rowing
kangaroo failing
VOWEL DIPTHONGS
cook feet
turmoil rowing
kangaroo failing
CLASSROOM APPLICATION
HOW DO I USE THESE TECHNIQUES IN MY CLASSROOM?
Integrate your knowledge of the seven syllable types and five cutting patterns into your daily phonics mini-lesson to explicitly teach decoding and encoding rules.
Apply syllabication rules to spelling words, robust vocabulary words, and any vocabulary words that are actively being used in the classroom.
Incorporate decodable text into partner reading, so students have a chance to apply taught syllabication skills.
Include syllable work in a word study center.
PHONICS MINI-LESSONS
MINI LESSON (8-10 MINUTES)
1 minute review of previously taught sounds 2 minutes to introduce/review weekly skill 3 minutes to practice decoding of weekly skill 3 minutes to practice encoding of weekly skill
MINI-LESSON DEMO
Grade 3 Lesson 8 Dipthongs: ou, ow, oi, oy
DIPTHONG RULES
A dipthong has two vowels. There are five dipthong sounds. The vowel sounds are unique. The sign used to represent the dipthong
vowel sound is an oval ( )above the vowels.
OI, -OY DIPTHONG
oi= middle of word
-oy=end of word
soil
ploy
enjoy
noise
point
boy
joint
soy
SPELLING
ANCHOR CHARTS AND REFERENCE SHEETS
ANCHOR CHARTS
MORE ANCHOR CHARTS…
REFERENCE SHEETS
WORD WORK
WORD HUNTS
Students hunt for a specific syllable type or cutting pattern in text and record the words.
WORD SORTS-WORDS THEIR WAY
1. Provide students with a list of words.2. Have students sort words according to
syllable pattern or rule.
-ow ow ou
rowsnow
owlgrowl
outfound
RESOURCES FOR GAMES
Florida Center for Reading Research Grades 2 and 3:
• http://www.fcrr.org/curriculum/PDF/G2-3/2-3Phonics_4.pdf
Grades 4 and 5: • http://
www.fcrr.org/curriculum/PDF/G4-5/45APPartTwo.pdf
o Words Their Way: Word Study for Phonics, Vocabulary, and Spelling Instruction• Chapter 6: Word Study for Transitional Leaners
in the Within Word Pattern Stage• Chapter 7: Word Study for Intermediate Readers
and Writers: The Syllables and Affixes Stage