T HE B EGINNINGS OF I NDUSTRIALIZATION Section 1 Ch. 25.

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THE BEGINNINGS OF INDUSTRIALIZATIONSection 1Ch. 25

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

• Landowners experimented with more productive seeding and harvesting methods.

• Jethro Tull-Invented seed drill in 1701; allowed farmers to sow seeds in well-spaced rows at specific depths

• Crop rotation- did not exhaust the soil of its nutrients

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

• Live stock breeder, Robert Bakewell, increased his flock by only allowing the best animals to breed.

• Other breeders followed this example, which increased the food supply.

INDUSTRIALIZATION IN ENGLAND

1. Abundant natural resources including:

• water power and coal to fuel the new machines.

• iron ore to construct machines, tools, and buildings.

• rivers for inland transportation.• harbors from which merchant ships

set sail.

INDUSTRIALIZATION IN ENGLAND

2. An expanding economy also supported industrialization Business people invested in the new inventions.3. A highly developed banking system which encouraged people to take out loans4. Political stability created a positive attitude and new laws were passed to protect business ventures

FACTORS OF PRODUCTION

• Def: resources needed to produce goods and services.

• They are land, labor, and capital (wealth).

TEXTILE INVENTIONS

• 1764- James Hargreaves- invented the spinning jenny which allowed one spinner to work eight threads at a time.

● 1769- Richard Arkwright- invented the water frame which used waterpower to drive spinning wheels.

TEXTILE INVENTIONS

TEXTILE INVENTIONS

● 1787- Edmund Cartwright- invented the power loom which sped up the weaving process

TEXTILE INVENTIONS

● 1793- Eli Whitney- invented the cotton gin which multiplied the amount of cotton that could be cleaned.

IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSPORTATION

• James Watt joined with entrepreneur Matthew Boulton who paid him a salary to build better steam engines

• Robert Fulton, an American inventor, bought a Watt steam engine to build the first steamboat, the Clermont

• John McAdam improved roads by layering small crushed rocks on top of large rocks for drainage

THE RAILWAY AGE BEGINS

• Railroad engineer George Stephenson opened the world’s first railroad line in 1825

• RRs soon spread throughout England and had four major effects:

●1. Cheap transportation●2. Hundreds of thousands of new jobs●3. Boosted agricultural and fishing industries●4. Made traveling easier