TAKS Objective 1

transcript

TAKS Objective 1TAKS Objective 1Coach SmithCoach Smith

Waco High ChemistryWaco High Chemistry2006-20072006-2007

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST ALERT?

Assumption: The ability to sort playing cards is an indication of alertness.

Procedure:1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards

four times.2. Time how long it takes to sort

the cards into four suits.3. Repeat the activity at the same

times for two days.

Time of DayTime of Day Average Average Sorting Time Sorting Time

(s)(s)

8:00 A.M.8:00 A.M. 130130

12:00 Noon12:00 Noon 105105

4:00 P.M.4:00 P.M. 122122

8:00 P.M.8:00 P.M. 127127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

A. Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.B. Shuffling methods can affect alertnessC. Alertness levels vary during the day.D. Long periods of rest improve alertness.

Objective 1

WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST ALERT?

Assumption: The ability to sort playing cards is an indication of alertness.

Procedure:1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards

four times.2. Time how long it takes to sort

the cards into four suits.3. Repeat the activity at the same

times for two days.

Time of DayTime of Day Average Average Sorting Time Sorting Time

(s)(s)

8:00 A.M.8:00 A.M. 130130

12:00 Noon12:00 Noon 105105

4:00 P.M.4:00 P.M. 122122

8:00 P.M.8:00 P.M. 127127

1. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?

C. Alertness levels vary during the day.

Beaker 1(10 cm from light)

Beaker 2(50 cm)

Beaker 3(90 cm)

2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

BeakerBeaker Number of Bubbles/Min.Number of Bubbles/Min.

22 1515

33 2020

11 1010

33 2020

11 1515

22 1515

33 1515

11 2020

22 1010

Objective 1

Beaker 1(10 cm from light)

Beaker 2(50 cm)

Beaker 3(90 cm)

2. The picture shows and experiment designed to investigate biochemical activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

11 2020

22 1010

A De-Icing ExperimentSome species of plants that commonly grow near roadways are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown under identical conditions except that the experimental groups are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of the control and experimental groups is compared.

3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the experiment described above?

A. Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more water than vegetation in other areas.

B. De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space for vegetation.

C. Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of de-icing solution.

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that grow near roadways.

Objective 1

A De-Icing ExperimentSome species of plants that commonly grow near roadways are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown under identical conditions except that the experimental groups are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of the control and experimental groups is compared.

3. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the experiment described above?

D. De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that grow near roadways.

4. The graph compares absenteeism of elementary school students who wash their hands properly with absenteeism of students who fail to wash their hands properly. Which inference could best be supported by these data?

F. Proper hand washing may increase attendance among elementary school students.

G. Older students have developed better hand washing habits than younger students.

H. Some elementary school classes teach correct hand-washing methods to students.

J. Improper hand washing is a common practice among most elementary school students.

Studentswashing hands

correctly

Studentsnot washing

hands correctly

Objective 1

4. The graph compares absenteeism of elementary school students who wash their hands properly with absenteeism of students who fail to wash their hands properly. Which inference could best be supported by these data?

F. Proper hand washing may increase attendance among elementary school students.

Studentswashing hands

correctly

Studentsnot washing

hands correctly

5. This picture indicates that the chemical represented is –

A. PressurizedB. CorrosiveC. FlammableD. Toxic

Objective 1

5. This picture indicates that the chemical represented is –

B. Corrosive

Experimental Preparation Experiment

Start = 0 minutes

6. After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the fluid has – A. Warmer layers at the bottomB. A covering on its surfaceC. Reduced pressure on the bottomD. Contact with a cooler surface

Finish = 0 minutes

Objective 1

Experimental Preparation Experiment

Start = 0 minutes

6. After 15 minutes the food coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread throughout the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer of food coloring only at its bottom. These observations support the theory that convection currents in a fluid form more quickly if the fluid has –

A. Warmer layers at the bottom

Finish = 0 minutes

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial infection. People with a viral infection show only trace amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be determined in about an hour after a blood test.

7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of

this protein in the blood?

F. A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.G. A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.H. A decision can be made abuot whether to take an

x-ray.J. A decision can be made about whether to use

antibiotics.

Objective 1

Research shows that levels of a certain protein are elevated in the blood of people with a bacterial infection. People with a viral infection show only trace amounts of the protein. The level of the protein can be determined in about an hour after a blood test.

7. Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of

this protein in the blood?

J. A decision can be made about whether to use antibiotics.

8. Two students measured the length of the same stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One student reported a length of 22 cm, and the other reported a length of 8 cm. The most likely explanation for the difference in the reported values is that one –

A. Student improperly read the ruler.B. Ruler was metal and the other ruler was

plastic.C. Student viewed the ruler from a different

angle. D. Ruler was constructed with nonstandard

cm marks.

Objective 1

8. Two students measured the length of the same stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One student reported a length of 22 cm, and the other reported a length of 8 cm. The most likely explanation for the difference in the reported values is that one –

A. Student improperly read the ruler.

The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil found on an island formed from limestone.

Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the topsoil of the island was carried from Africa by huge dust clouds.

9. Which study would most likely be used to investigate this hypothesis?

F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.H. Calculating erosion rates in African

limestone mines.J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

10. A researcher determined the percentage of electrical energy transformed into different forms of energy by a toaster. The best way to communicate these results is to display data using a –

F. Histogram G. Circle GraphH. Line GraphJ. Box-whisker Graph

Objective 1

10. A researcher determined the percentage of electrical energy transformed into different forms of energy by a toaster. The best way to communicate these results is to display data using a –

G. Circle Graph

11. A valid study would include a control group containing –

F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.G. Water and 2% root hormone.H. Water only.J. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and

1% root hormone.

Control

Water and 5% root hormone

Objective 1

11. A valid study would include a control group containing –

F. Bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water.

Control

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is heated in an open test tube, the test tube should always be pointed –

A. So bubbles are visibleB. At a 180° angle from the flameC. Toward a ventilated areaD. Away from nearby people

Objective 1

12. When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution is heated in an open test tube, the test tube should always be pointed –

D. Away from nearby people

Black-and-White Negatives

Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with cameras that used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.

Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals are silver halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are focused onto the photographic film. When exposed to light, the silver halide granules are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes them. This forms a photographic image on the film.

After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film is placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming black metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.

After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains negative images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the negative onto photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.

The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The negative image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents the same image on photo paper.

Negative Image Positive Image

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

F. Convex LensG. SpectroscopeH. MicroscopeJ. Concave Mirror

Objective 1

13. Which of these tools is most useful in identifying the wavelengths of visible light?

G. Spectroscope

14. Which of the following would explain why this film works with a reduced amount of light?

A. The film reflects long wavelengths of light efficiently.

B. Fewer silver halide granules are present in the film.

C. The film retracts brighter light.D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower

intensity light.

Objective 1

14. Which of the following would explain why this film works with a reduced amount of light?

D. The photochemical reaction can occur in lower intensity light.

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

Temperature(°C)

100Temperature(°C)

Temperature(°C)

GroupGroup Temperature (Temperature (°C)°C) Solubility (g/100 mL)Solubility (g/100 mL)AA 00 2828BB 1010 3131CC 2020 3434DD 3030 3737EE 4040 4040FF 6060 4545GG 8080 5151HH 9090 5454II 100100 5656

Objective 1

15. Nine groups of students dissolved as much potassium chloride as possible in water. Each group used 100 mL of water heated to a different temperature. Which graph shows the relationship between solubility and temperature for potassium chloride?

Temperature(°C)

GroupGroup Temperature (Temperature (°C)°C) Solubility (g/100 mL)Solubility (g/100 mL)AA 00 2828BB 1010 3131CC 2020 3434DD 3030 3737EE 4040 4040FF 6060 4545GG 8080 5151HH 9090 5454II 100100 5656

16. Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this advertisement?

A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies and grocery stores

B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience pain from migraines.

C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine headaches.

D. AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.

Objective 1

AcexTec is a prescription medicine that only your doctor can decide is right for you. AvexTec is not designed to prevent the onset of migraine headaches. Rather, it can relieve migraines once they start. Those diagnosed with uncontrolled high blood pressure and certain types of heart disease should not take AvexTec. Some people without recognized heart disease may have serious heart-related complications. If you believe that you have risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking or a family history of heart disease, or if you are pregnant, nursing or taking other medications, talk to your doctor.

A. AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies and grocery stores

B. People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience pain from migraines.

C. Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine headaches.

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas. Which of the following expressions correct shows how to determine the mass of the gas?

F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)G. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid)H. (mass of Liquid 1 x mass of Liquid 2) (mass of solid)J. (mass of Liquid 1 – mass of Liquid 2) (mass of solid)

Objective 1

17. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas. Which of the following expressions correct shows how to determine the mass of the gas?

F. (mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) – (mass of solid)

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass. The best explanation for this observation is that –

A. Water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas.B. Air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes

bubbling.C. Pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates.D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Empty Glass

Bubbles

Before

Warm Water(45°C)

18. A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the water’s surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from the glass. The best explanation for this observation is that –

D. Air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume.

Objective 1

Empty Glass

Bubbles

Before

Warm Water(45°C)

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome c in four different animals. According to the table, which two animals are most closely related to each other.

F. Horse and dogG. Dog and kangarooH. Horse and penguinJ. Penguin and kangaroo

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.

• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are used to determined how closely species are related.

HorseHorse DogDog KangarooKangaroo PenguinPenguinHorseHorse 00 66 77 1212DogDog 66 00 77 1010KangarooKangaroo 77 77 00 1010PenguinPenguin 1212 1010 1010 00

Objective 1

19. The table above shows percent differences in Cytochrome c in four different animals. According to the table, which two animals are most closely related to each other.

F. Horse and dog

• Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.

• The differences in the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome c are used to determined how closely species are related.

HorseHorse DogDog KangarooKangaroo PenguinPenguinHorseHorse 00 66 77 1212DogDog 66 00 77 1010KangarooKangaroo 77 77 00 1010PenguinPenguin 1212 1010 1010 00

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit of measure for reporting the density of a solid?

A. g/cm3

B. g/cmC. g/L2

D. g/mm2

Objective 1

20. Which of these is the most appropriate unit of measure for reporting the density of a solid?

A. g/cm3

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure. According to these data, the pressure of the block is a measure of the block’s –

F. Weight distributed over an area.G. Density along each face.H. Mass per unit of volumeJ. Change in inertia.

Objective 1

21. The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used to demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure. According to these data, the pressure of the block is a measure of the block’s –

F. Weight distributed over an area.

Objective 1

22. A student is working with four beakers that each contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures would be best to use to determine whether one of the beakers contains only distilled water?

Objective 1

AObserve odorDetermine temperatureObserve colorDetermine boiling point

CObserve volumeDetermine massObserve colorDetermine pH

BObserve odorDetermine pHDetermine densityDetermine boiling point

DDetermine massObserve volumeDetermine temperatureObserve odor

22. A student is working with four beakers that each contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures would be best to use to determine whether one of the beakers contains only distilled water?

Objective 1

BObserve odorDetermine pHDetermine densityDetermine boiling point

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm onto five different materials. The rebound height of each drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

F. The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.G. The material the ball is made of affects the rebound

height.H. The height of the ball is dropped from affects rebound

height.J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the

rebound height.

Objective 1

Material Tile

Carpet

Concre

Rebound Height(cm)

4540353025201510 5 0

23. In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm onto five different materials. The rebound height of each drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following describes the hypothesis most likely being tested.

J. The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the rebound height.

Objective 1

Material Tile

Carpet

Concre

Rebound Height(cm)

4540353025201510 5 0

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce protein crystals that are toxic to the digestive system of insects. How can these bacteria be used to control insects in crops?

A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.B. Expose the bacteria to low levels of

light.C. Remove plants from areas containing

the bacteria.D. Treat the bacteria with a solution of

protein crystals.

Objective 1

24. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce protein crystals that are toxic to the digestive system of insects. How can these bacteria be used to control insects in crops?

A. Apply the bacteria to growing plants.

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to determine whether a substance is a base?

F. ThermometerG. Litmus paperH. BalanceJ. Bunsen burner

Objective 1

25. Which of these could be used to determine whether a substance is a base?

G. Litmus paper

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of students is working at the same lab table. Which of the following lab procedures should the second group of students avoid?

A. Heating water with an open flame.B. Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker.C. Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution.D. Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube.

Objective 1

26. The label shown above contains information about some harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of students is working at the same lab table. Which of the following lab procedures should the second group of students avoid?

A. Heating water with an open flame.

Objective 1

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given mass changes during a period of motion. According to the information, what is the momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole number on the answer document.

Objective 1300

0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

Time (s)

27. The graph shows how the momentum of a given mass changes during a period of motion. According to the information, what is the momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole number on the answer document.

Objective 1300

0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

Time (s) 2.75Answer: 200

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current through 80 meters of the wire?

A. 10 voltsB. 18 voltsC. 250 voltsD. 400 volts

Objective 1

0 5 10 15 20 25

Voltage(V)

Length of Wire (m)

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

? V80 m

50 V10 m

Cross Multiply then Divide

x= 400 V

28. The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies with the length of wire. If the trend continues, what is the most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current through 80 meters of the wire?

D. 400 volts

Objective 1

0 5 10 15 20 25

Voltage(V)

Length of Wire (m)

Voltage Required to Maintain Constant Current

? V = 400 V

29. Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date above show how sanitizing time varies in different locations. Which inference is supported by these data?F. The boiling point of water is constant at higher

altitudes.G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevationH. Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea

level.J. Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at

Corpus Christi than at higher elevations.

Objective 1

LocationLocation Corpus Corpus ChristiChristi

Fort DavisFort Davis LipscombLipscomb

LatitudeLatitude 2727°48’N°48’N 3030°35’N°35’N 3636°14’N°14’NLongitudeLongitude 9797°24’N°24’N 103103°54’N°54’N 100°16’N100°16’NElevation (m)Elevation (m) 0 (sea level)0 (sea level) 14941494 728728Sanitizing Time (min)Sanitizing Time (min) 2020 2525 2222Boiling Point of Water Boiling Point of Water ((°C)°C)

100.0100.0 95.095.0 97.697.6

29. Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The date above show how sanitizing time varies in different locations. Which inference is supported by these data?

G. The boiling point of water is affected by elevation

Objective 1

LocationLocation Corpus Corpus ChristiChristi

Fort DavisFort Davis LipscombLipscomb

LatitudeLatitude 2727°48’N°48’N 3030°35’N°35’N 3636°14’N°14’NLongitudeLongitude 9797°24’N°24’N 103103°54’N°54’N 100°16’N100°16’NElevation (m)Elevation (m) 0 (sea level)0 (sea level) 14941494 728728Sanitizing Time (min)Sanitizing Time (min) 2020 2525 2222Boiling Point of Water Boiling Point of Water ((°C)°C)

100.0100.0 95.095.0 97.697.6

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly developed medication can reduce high blood pressure. Which of these would most likely be the dependent variable in a study involving this medication?

A. The number of participants in the study.B. The ages of people treated for high blood

pressure with other medications.C. The blood pressure of the participants in the

study.D. The number of people treated for high blood

pressure with other medications.

Objective 1

30. A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly developed medication can reduce high blood pressure. Which of these would most likely be the dependent variable in a study involving this medication?

C. The blood pressure of the participants in the study.

Objective 1

Louis Pasteur’s ExperimentLike many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of

immunization happened by accident. In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from

cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old batch of cholera bacteria.

Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected. Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the chickens in the second group became sick and died.

This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases. Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

31. Which of these probably served as the most useful data after Pasteur injected a group of chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected chickens.

G. The total number of cholera cases oberved.H. The changes in the shape and color of the

bacterial colonies.J. The recovery rate of chickens previously

infected with cholera.

Objective 1

31. Which of these probably served as the most useful data after Pasteur injected a group of chickens with bacteria from an older culture?

F. The health and behavior of the injected chickens.

Objective 1

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what inference can be made about the effectiveness of the product?

A. Most horses like the medication.B. The medication is most effective between days 4 and 5.C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.D. The effects of the medication are long lasting.

Objective 1

1 2 3 4 5 6

Percentage of Horses That

Stopped Chewing on Wood

Day Number

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

7 8 9 10

32. Horses kept in stables sometimes chew on wood. This can lead to damage to the mouth and digestive system. The graph shows the results of a study of a medication that prevents horses from chewing on wood. From the graph, what inference can be made about the effectiveness of the product?

C. Most horses will show improvement within 7 days.

Objective 1

1 2 3 4 5 6

Percentage of Horses That

Stopped Chewing on Wood

Day Number

Effectiveness of Horse Medication

7 8 9 10

F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.G. Determining the effects of iron on limestone.H. Calculating erosion rates in African limestone

mines.J. Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds.

Objective 1

F. Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos.

Objective 1

34. The picture below shows a compound microscope. What part of the microscope should be used to adjust the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

A. EyepieceB. Rotating nosepieceC. DiaphragmD. Coarse-focus knob

Objective 1

Rotating nosepiece

Diaphragm

Eyepiece

Coarse-focus knob

34. The picture below shows a compound microscope. What part of the microscope should be used to adjust the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?

C. Diaphragm

Objective 1

Rotating nosepiece

Diaphragm

Eyepiece

Coarse-focus knob

35. According to the periodic table and the information above, which element has this electron configuration?

F. SodiumG. Neon H. MagnesiumJ. Argon

Energy LevelEnergy Level 11 22 33

ElectronsElectrons 22 88 88

Objective 1

Periods show the Energy LevelsGroups show the Number of Valence Electrons

35. According to the periodic table and the information above, which element has this electron configuration?

J. Argon

Energy LevelEnergy Level 11 22 33

ElectronsElectrons 22 88 88

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for saltwater fish?

A. The tissues of the saltwater fish would absorb too much acid.

B. The organs of the saltwater fish would produce too much protein.

C. The organ systems of the saltwater fish would consume too much energy.

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too much water.

Objective 1

36. Which of these best explains why freshwater aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for saltwater fish?

D. The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too much water.

Objective 1

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing aids. People with different types of hearing loss were included in the study. Which question would help in determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

F. What was the average age of the people in the study?

G. What was the most common occupation of people in the study?

H. How many people were included in the study?J. How many people in the study had vision problems?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat hearing loss.

35. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing aids. People with different types of hearing loss were included in the study. Which question would help in determining whether the conclusion above is valid?

H. How many people were included in the study?

Objective 1

Conclusion: Hearing aids are an effective way to treat hearing loss.

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the information above?

A. The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of Liquid 3.

B. The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of Liquid 3.

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of Liquid 2.

D. The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Objective 1

36. Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the information above?

C. The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of Liquid 2.

Objective 1

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium hydroxide solution?

Objective 1

F HG J

37. Which piece of equipment should be used to precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium hydroxide solution?

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best scientific support for the information on the label?

A. Data that indicate the gender and average age of consumers.

B. A survey showing that many people prefer pearl calcium.

C. Records that show few requests for money back.

D. A controlled study showing the effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

38. Which of these would provide the best scientific support for the information on the label?

D. A controlled study showing the effectiveness of pearl calcium.

Objective 1

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-of-mass experiment. The most accurate trial for this experiment was –

F. Trial 1G. Trial 2H. Trial 3J. Trial 4

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products

TrialTrialReactant 1 Reactant 1

Mass (g)Mass (g)Reactant 2 Reactant 2

Mass (g)Mass (g)ProductProductMass (g)Mass (g)

11 3232 2424 8822 3232 2424 555533 3232 2424 666644 3232 2424 2828

32 + 24 = 66

39. The chart shows the results of a conservation-of-mass experiment. The most accurate trial for this experiment was –

H. Trial 3

Objective 1

Masses of Reactants and Products

TrialTrialReactant 1 Reactant 1

Mass (g)Mass (g)Reactant 2 Reactant 2

Mass (g)Mass (g)ProductProductMass (g)Mass (g)

11 3232 2424 8822 3232 2424 555533 3232 2424 666644 3232 2424 2828

32 + 24 = 66

40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in the table?

A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen have similar chemical properties.B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass

increases.C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density

increases.

Objective 1Properties of Some Gases

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)

GasGas HydrogenHydrogen OxygenOxygen Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide ChlorineChlorineMolecular MassMolecular Mass

(amu)(amu) 22 3232 4444 7171

DensityDensity(g/L; at 0(g/L; at 0°°C)C) 0.090.09 1.431.43 1.981.98 3.213.21

Boiling PointBoiling Point((°°C)C) -253-253 -183-183 -78*-78* -35-35

Solubility in WaterSolubility in Water(L/L H2O; at 20(L/L H2O; at 20°°C)C) 0.020.02 0.030.03 0.880.88 2.302.30

40. Which of these statements is best supported by the information in the table?

B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass increases.

Objective 1Properties of Some Gases

* Sublimes (changes directly from a solid into gas)

GasGas HydrogenHydrogen OxygenOxygen Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide ChlorineChlorineMolecular MassMolecular Mass

(amu)(amu) 22 3232 4444 7171

DensityDensity(g/L; at 0(g/L; at 0°°C)C) 0.090.09 1.431.43 1.981.98 3.213.21

Boiling PointBoiling Point((°°C)C) -253-253 -183-183 -78*-78* -35-35

Solubility in WaterSolubility in Water(L/L H2O; at 20(L/L H2O; at 20°°C)C) 0.020.02 0.030.03 0.880.88 2.302.30

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was one group given a sugar tablet?

F. To include a control groupG. To have an experimental groupH. To provide a variety of treatmentsJ. To give the body additional nutrients

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results

Treatment GroupTreatment Group(200)(200)

Patients Reporting ReliefPatients Reporting Relief

After 2 WeeksAfter 2 Weeks After 4 WeeksAfter 4 Weeks

Received MedicationReceived Medication 3333 9292Received placeboReceived placebo(sugar tablet)(sugar tablet)

1313 5858

41. The table shows the result of a study testing the effectiveness of an ulcer medication. Why was one group given a sugar tablet?

F. To include a control group

Objective 1

Ulcer Study Results

Treatment GroupTreatment Group(200)(200)

Patients Reporting ReliefPatients Reporting Relief

After 2 WeeksAfter 2 Weeks After 4 WeeksAfter 4 Weeks

Received MedicationReceived Medication 3333 9292Received placeboReceived placebo(sugar tablet)(sugar tablet)

1313 5858

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10 days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this experimental setup?

A. Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?B. Water happens to salt as elodea uses water?C. Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Objective 1Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

InitialSetup

0%NaCl

1%NaCl

2%NaCl

3%NaCl

42. Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10 days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this experimental setup?

D. Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Objective 1Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations

InitialSetup

0%NaCl

1%NaCl

2%NaCl

3%NaCl

43. According to these data, which question was most likely answered by this activity?

F. How warm do materials get when placed in an electric current?

G. Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?H. Which material requires the greatest voltage in an

electric circuit?J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals

from other materials?

Objective 1

ExperimentalResults

MaterialMaterialConducts ElectricityConducts ElectricityYesYes NoNo

CopperCopper XX GlassGlass XX ChalkChalk XX SilverSilver XX WoodWood XX SulfurSulfur XX TinTin XX ZincZinc XX

43. According to these data, which question was most likely answered by this activity?

J. Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals from other materials?

Objective 1

ExperimentalResults

MaterialMaterialConducts ElectricityConducts ElectricityYesYes NoNo

CopperCopper XX GlassGlass XX ChalkChalk XX SilverSilver XX WoodWood XX SulfurSulfur XX TinTin XX ZincZinc XX

44. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the information above?

A. Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M. tuberculosis infections.

B. M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of antibiotics.

C. Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to reproduce at a faster rate.

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to antibiotics.

Objective 1• Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in humans.

• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow them to survive.

• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic treatment may reproduce.

D. M. tuberculosis has developed resistance to antibiotics.

Objective 1• Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in humans.

• When treated with antibiotics, most M. tuberculosis bacteria are killed, but some have genes that allow them to survive.

• M. tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic treatment may reproduce.

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a dissection lab. Working in groups of three, students make observations using a hand lens, forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a group have finished their observations. These two students may do all of the following except –

F. Remove their gogglesG. Review their notesH. Wash their handsJ. Assist their lab partners

Objective 1

45. The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a dissection lab. Working in groups of three, students make observations using a hand lens, forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a group have finished their observations. These two students may do all of the following except –

F. Remove their goggles

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant. The gas in the space above the water was mostly –

A. OxygenB. Carbon dioxideC. HydrogenD. Nitrogen

Objective 1

46. The picture shows the results of a demonstration using the simple water plant Elodea. When the setup was placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above the water in the graduated cylinder containing the plant. The gas in the space above the water was mostly –

A. Oxygen

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a 5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

F. 20G. 24H. 27J. 36

Objective 1

47. The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a 5% glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was used to indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all other factors are held constant, how many bubbles should be produced in Tube 3 after 4 minutes.

Objective 1

48. The pictures above show two organisms. Measure their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter. What is the difference between the body lengths of the grasshopper and the cricket? Record and bubble in your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer document.

Objective 1

Grasshopperbody length

Cricketbody length

Length of Grasshopper – Length of Cricket = Difference in body length

Answer: 2.4

F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.G. Trade winds produce useful minerals in some

oceans.H. Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.J. Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse

gases.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise lie near the bottom of the ocean.

F. Trade winds help maintain some food chains.

Objective 1

Trade winds blow from east to west across the Pacific Ocean. The winds move surface waters westward across the ocean. This causes deeper, colder water to rise to the surface along the coast. This upwelling of deep ocean waters brings with it nutrients that would otherwise lie near the bottom of the ocean.

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light bulb is changed into visible light. Which instrument helps identify the energy change occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

A. Triple-beam balanceB. ThermometerC. Magnifying glassD. Prism

Objective 1

50. Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a light bulb is changed into visible light. Which instrument helps identify the energy change occuring to most of the remaining 90%?

B. Thermometer

Objective 1

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270 days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature (20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to these data, it can be inferred that –

F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain acidity best.

G. Low temperature prevents any loss of acidity in stored apples.

H. Apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by treatment with MCP.

J. High temperature promotes acid production in stored apples.

Objective 1

AtHarvest

Variations in Apple Acidity

0.100.00

0.400.30

0.50Q = 20°CR = 20°C + MCPS = 0.5°CT = 0.5°C + MCP

51. The graph above compares the acidity of apples stored for 270 days under different conditions to the acidity of apples that were just harvested. Some apples were stored at room temperature (20°C), and other apples were stored at 0.5°C. Some of the apples were treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical. According to these data, it can be inferred that –

F. Apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain acidity best.

Objective 1

AtHarvest

Variations in Apple Acidity

0.100.00

0.400.30

0.50Q = 20°CR = 20°C + MCPS = 0.5°CT = 0.5°C + MCP

Materials:125 mL cooking oil100 mL H2O10 g NaOHSafety gogglesApron500 mL beakerStirring rod

Procedure:• Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and

mix thoroughly.• Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly.• Stir until a thick paste forms.• Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.• Remove the solid bar from the mold.

Soap-Making Project

Caution:Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for washing floors and tools only.

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added to the materials list for this activity?

A. Graduated cylinder and metric rulerB. Metric ruler and stopwatchC. Magnifying glass and balanceD. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

52. Which two pieces of equipment should be added to the materials list for this activity?

D. Graduated cylinder and balance

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product questionable?

F. The product description is for a simple pendulum.G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.H. Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.J. The product must be used while walking in a straight line.

Objective 1

53. Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product questionable?

G. Many factors can make the paper clip move.

Objective 1

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at 80°C to make a saturated solution?

A. 48 gramsB. 160 gramsC. 170 gramsD. 220 grams

Objective 1

Solubility(g/100g of H20

Temperature (°C)

20 40 60 80 100

120100

160140

200180

NaClO3

54. About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at 80°C to make a saturated solution?

C. 170 grams

Objective 1

Solubility(g/100g of H20

Temperature (°C)

20 40 60 80 100

120100

160140

200180

NaClO3

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used in the United States. According to the graph, how many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years later?

F. 16 millionG. 25 millionH. 64 millionJ. 84 million

Objective 1

Year1967 1977 1987

Fertilizer(millions of metric tons)

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

50 million

16 million- 34 million

55. In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used in the United States. According to the graph, how many more metric tons of fertilizers were used 30 years later?

F. 16 million

Objective 1

Year1967 1977 1987

Fertilizer(millions of metric tons)

Fertilizer Use in the U.S.A.

50 million

16 million- 34 million

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?A. It is more logical than past hypotheses.B. It agrees with the opinion of most people.C. It can be examined using scientific means.D. It challenges the current theory of atoms.

Objective 1

Open tray filledwith water

Tray filled with water andCovered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water remained in the covered tray.

56. Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?

C. It can be examined using scientific means.

Objective 1

Open tray filledwith water

Tray filled with water andCovered by glass plate

Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will keep water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but water remained in the covered tray.

TAKS Objective 1

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