Technological roads to produce Brassica carinata in Uruguay

Ing. Agr. (Dr.) Sebastián MazzilliDepartamento de Producción Vegetal

Facultad de Agronomía - EEMAC

Carinata´s TeamIng. Agr. (Dr.) Sebastián MazzilliIng. Agr. (MSc) Andres Locatelli

Ing. Agr. Oswaldo ErnstTec. Agr. Dario Fros

Bach. Gastón SebbenIng. Agr. (Dra.) Grisel FernandezIng. Agr. (Msc.) Cintya Palladino

Ing. Agr. Silvana Abbate

and

students

Main working linesObjetives

1. Sowing date - genotypes.

2. Plants spatial arrangement.

3. Nitrogen and Sulphur fertilization (on farm conditions).

4. Impact of herbicides on crop.

5. Diseases.

6. Importance of polinization.

Trials ubication

Soil Type

Layer Cumulative Organic Bulk

Thickness Depth Clay Sand Matter Density

m m % % % Mg/m3

0,05 0,05 22,3 18,9 4,0 1,1

0,05 0,1 19,8 18,2 3,6 1,3

0,1 0,2 21,2 17,8 3,2 1,2

0,1 0,3 26,5 17,0 2,9 1,3

0,2 0,5 41,5 11,2 1,8 1,1

0,2 0,7 43,5 11,1 1,4 1,2

0,3 1 30,2 15,0 0,7 1,3

Sowing date – genotypeExperimental Desing

• 5 - sowing dates (from May 12 to Sept 1 – 112 days).

• 6 - B. carinata genotypes.

• 1 - B. napus genotype (main commercial variety).

• 3 - Repetitions per genotype in each trial

Sowing date – genotypeResults

a

ab

bc

aab

bc

ab

bc a

a

ab

b

bc a

a

c

ab

a

aab

ab

a

ab

a

a ab

b

aa

bc

c

c a

b

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

12 may 1 jun 24 jun 3 aug 1 sep

Yie

ld (

kg h

a-1)

Sowing date

Avanza Entry 1 Entry 2 Entry 3 Entry 4 Entry 5 Rivette (B. napus)

Avanza vs. Rivette (B. napus) - YieldsResults

4940

3492

2355

15691836

2423

1168

1559 1626

893

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

12 may 1 jun 24 jun 3 aug 1 sep

Yie

ld (

kg h

a-1)

Sowing date

Avanza Rivette (B. napus)

51%

66%

33%

Avanza vs. Rivette (B. napus) - CycleResults

29-abr. 19-may. 8-jun. 28-jun. 18-jul. 7-ago. 27-ago. 16-sep. 6-oct. 26-oct. 15-nov. 5-dic. 25-dic. 14-ene.

Avanza

Rivette

Avanza

Rivette

Avanza

Rivette

Avanza

Rivette

Avanza

Rivette

Sowing to elongation Elongation to Flowering Flowering-Harvest

Plants spatial arrangementExperimental Desing

• 4 populations (30-50-70-90 pl m-2)

• 2 row distance (0,17 - 0,34 m)

• 2 genotypes (Avanza 641 - 20.111)

Population rate - yieldResults

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Yie

ld (

kg h

a-1)

Population (pl m-2)

Avanza0,17 m 0,34 m

Row distanceResults

1970

2304

1523

1993

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Avanza Entry 2

Yie

ld (

kg h

a-1)

Row distance (m)

0.17 m 0.34 m

Nitrogen and Sulphur fertilization (under farms conditions).Trial design

Treatment Sowing

Begin

Elongatiom TOTAL

N S N S N S

1 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 20 0 20 0 40 0

3 20 20 20 0 40 20

4 20 20 60 0 80 20

5 20 20 60 10 80 30

6 80 20 20 10 100 30

7 40 30 120 0 160 30

8 40 30 80 0 120 30

Nitrogen and Sulphur fertilization (under farms conditions).Results

d; 1443

cd; 2026bc; 2148

a; 3039

ab; 2747abc; 2522

ab; 2780a; 2890

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0/0 40/0 40/20 80/20 80/30 100/30 160/30 120/30

Yie

ld (

kg h

a-1)

N / S applied (kg ha-1)

Nitrogen use efficiencyNUE

y = 0,0022x2 - 0,65x + 59,48

R² = 0,80

p < 0,05

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 50 100 150 200

NU

E (

kg

gra

in/k

g N

)

N available (kg ha-1)

N0-N0-S0-S0

N20-N20-S0-S0

N20-N20-S20-S0

N20-N60-S20-S0

N20-N60-S20-S10

N80-N20-S20-S10

N40-N120-S30-S0

N40-N80-S30-S0

N and S indexModel

Impact of herbicides on cropTrial design

Treatmeant Stage

Pre-sowing B4

1 Trifluralin (1800 g a.i ha-1) -

2 Sulfentrazone (450 g a.i ha-1) -

3 Trifluralin (1800 g a.i ha-1) Dicamba (96 g a.i ha-1)

4 Trifluralin (1800 g a.i ha-1) Clopyralid (54 g a.i ha-1)

5 Control -

6 Clopyralid (54 g a.i ha-1) -

7 Clopyralid (54 g a.i ha-1) Clopyralid (54 g a.i ha-1)

Pre-emergency applicationsResults

a; 138a; 144

a; 119a; 129

b; 15b; 10

a; 119

a; 152

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Avanza Entry 2

Pla

nt

po

pu

lati

on

(p

lm-2

)

Clopiralyd Control Sulfentrazone Trifluralin

Post-emergency applications - phytotoxicityResults

4.3 4.3

3.0

2.0

4.3

4.7

3.0

2.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

Trifluralin/Dicamba Trifluralin/Clopyralid Clopyralid Clopyralid/Clopyralid

Ph

yto

toxi

city

(0

-10

)

Avanza Entry 2

Diseases in field conditions Field samples

Alternaría brassicae Phoma sp

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum

Main change observedPolinization

Gracias !!!