TECTONIC PLATESTECTONIC PLATESPlate Boundary -Referenced from Bird, Peter (2003) An updated digital model of plate boundaries. (Orogen boundaries omitted.)

Plate Convergence Vectors - Referenced from United States Geological Survey:Convergence data are shown by arrows describing direction and speed, relative to the plate across the boundary.

Plate Divergence Vectors - Referenced from Digital Tectonic Activity Map: Divergence data are shown by double arrows describing direction and speed.

World WorldSat Color Shaded Relief Image - Published by Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc

Projection: Robinson (World)

April 2009

E

E

EE

EE

EE

E

E

E

E

E

E E

E

E

E

E

E

&

&

&

&

F

F

FF

FF

FF

F

FF

F FFF

FF

F

FF

F30 mm/yr

27 mm/yr

44 mm/yr

15 mm/yr

75 mm/yr

72 mm/yr

70 mm/yr50 mm/yr

86 mm/yr

59 mm/yr

94 mm/yr

15 mm/yr14 mm/yr

35 mm/yr

35 mm/yr

25 mm/yr

23 mm/yr

18 mm/yr

23 mm/yr

151 mm/yr

151 mm/yr

45 mm/yr

47 mm/yr

40 mm/yr

Nica

ragu

a

S O U T HP A C I F I CO C E A N

S O U T HA T L A N T I C

O C E A N

N O R T HA T L A N T I C

O C E A N

I N D I A NO C E A N

N O R T HP A C I F I CO C E A N

S O U T HP A C I F I CO C E A N

S O U T H E R N O C E A NS O U T H E R N O C E A N

A R C T I C O C E A NA R C T I C O C E A N

Russia

Antarctica

China

Canada

Brazil

Australia

United States

India

Iran

Sudan

Greenland

Algeria

Argentina

Kazakhstan

Libya

Mexico

Mali

Peru

Chad

Niger

Mongolia

Egypt

AngolaBolivia

Saudi Arabia

Ethiopia

Turkey

Nigeria

Colombia

Iraq

Pakistan

SouthAfrica

Spain

Namibia

Zambia

France

Mauritania

Ukraine

Venezuela

Kenya

Sweden

Somalia

Finland

Yemen

Botswana

Afghanistan

Poland

Thailand

Indonesia

Turkmenistan

Syria

Gabon

Belarus

Guinea

Chi

le

Italy

DemocraticRepublic

of the Congo

Mozambique

Norway

Om

an

Morocco

Mad

agas

car

Laos

Germany

Uzbekistan

Cameroon

Paraguay

Japan

Zimbabwe

Myanmar(Burma)

Ghana

Romania

UnitedRepublic

of Tanzania

Uganda

Ecuador

Nepal

Guy

ana

Senegal

Coted’Ivoire Central

African Republic

Tunisia

Uruguay

Iceland

Malaysia

PapuaNew

Guinea

Kyrgyzstan

BurkinaFaso

Greece

Wes

tern

Saha

ra

Cambodia

UnitedKingdom

SerbiaBulgaria

Surin

ame

Austria

New

Zeal

and

Latvia

Hungary

Liberia

Ireland

Portugal

Philippines

Lithuania

Croatia

Estonia

Slovakia

SriLanka

CzechRepublic

SouthKorea

SierraLeone

FrenchGuiana

Taiwan

Belgium

NorthKorea

9 mm/yr

94 mm/yr

70 mm/yr

48 mm/yr

27 mm/yr

78 mm/yr

18 mm/yr

20 mm/yr

79 mm/yr

61 mm/yr

88 mm/yr

63 mm/yr

92 mm/yr

78 mm/yr 73 mm/yr

58 mm/yr

39 mm/yr

123 mm/yr

106 mm/yr

237 mm/yr

ARABIAPLATE

TIMORPLATE

BIRD’SHEADPLATE

MOLUCCASEA PLATE

BANDA SEAPLATE

CONWAYREEFPLATE

EASTERPLATE

ALTIPLANOPLATE

JUANFERNANDEZPLATE

GALAPAGOSPLATE

SANDWICHPLATE

PANAMAPLATE

SUNDAPLATE

JUAN DEFUCA PLATE

KERMADECPLATE

TONGAPLATE

NIUAFO`OUPLATE

WOODLARKPLATE

MAOKEPLATE

SOUTHBISMARCKPLATE SOLOMON

SEA PLATE

NORTHBISMARCK

PLATE

NEWHEBRIDESPLATE

CARIBBEANPLATE

COCOSPLATE

OKHOTSKPLATE

BALMORALREEF PLATE

NORTHANDESPLATE

OKINAWAPLATE

PHILIPPINESEA PLATE

AMURPLATE

CAROLINEPLATE

MARIANAPLATE

FUTUNAPLATE

SCOTIAPLATE

AEGEANSEA PLATE

ANATOLIAPLATE

YANGTZEPLATE

BURMAPLATE

RIVERAPLATE

ANTARCTICAPLATE

SOMALIAPLATE

INDIAPLATE

AUSTRALIAPLATE

EURASIAPLATE

SOUTHAMERICAPLATE

NAZCAPLATE

PACIFICPLATE

EURASIAPLATENORTH

AMERICAPLATE

NUBIAPLATE

F DIVERGENCE

E CONVERGENCE

PLATE BOUNDARYConverging

Diverging

Transform

TRANSFORM&

Divergent, Convergent, and Transform BoundariesDivergent, Convergent, and Transform Boundaries

8

Produced by California Institute of Technology Tectonics ObservatoryDIVERGENT BOUNDARY TRANSFORM BOUNDARYCONVERGENT BOUNDARY