UNIT 2. THE EARTH´S RELIEF

Unit objectives

-to learn about the structure of the Earth-to read about its continents and oceans

-to compare and contrast different landforms-to learn about how the Earth´s relief is formed

-to know about the differences between the relief of the continents

-to learn about the main features of the european relief

1.1.The structure of the Earth

1. THE STRUCTURE IN LAYERS OF THE EARTH. LITHOSPHERE AND CRUST

Internal External

LithosphereHydrosphereAtmosphere

LithosphereHydrosphereAtmosphere

CoreMantleCrust

CoreMantleCrust

Internal Structure

External. The lithosphere

1.2.The lithosphere and tectonic platesThe jigsaw of tectonic platesThe jigsaw of tectonic plates

San Andrew´s fault

HOMEWORKS

What is the continental drift theory? Who formulated this theory?

Why the continental plates are moving?

What are the seismic areas? And the volcanoes?

1.3.The crust

Emergent lands

Submerged lands

The crust

CONTINENTS and OCEANS

HOMEWORKS

1.Make a drawing of the internal and external layers of the Earth (with definitions)

2.Copy and complete:

When two plates in the lithosphere collide the crust is...........

When the two plates...............new crust is generated.

3. Which continents are in the Nothern Hemisphere?

4.Wich continents are in the Southern Hemisphere?

1,2,3 pag. 41.

2.THE CONTINENTS OF THE EARTH

ACTVS. PAG. 42.

1.Complete this table:

29/09/13

Continent Situation Limits Area

3.THE RELIEF. FORMATION AND TRANSFORMATION3.1.The definition of relief

The relief origins

External forcesInternal forces

3.2.The origin of the relief and its agents.

The relief is a consequence of the following internal

forces

Volcanoes

Earthquakes

Orogeny

Orogeny

Earthquakes

Volcanoes

EarthquakesEarthquakes

It´s the process through which reliefs are formed. It

happens where tectonic plates move

They are cracks in the crust that expel magma, ashes,

rocks and toxic gases

They are caused by violent movements of the terrestrial

crust

San Francisco 1906

27/09/11

Volcanoes

Search for information about Pompeii and Herculaneum

3.2.The transformation of the relief and its agents

Three actions

Sedimentation of the materials

Transportation of eroded materials

Erosion of the terrain

Three agents

Water

Living things

atmosphere

Rainfall

Rivers and streams

Coastal erosionCoastal erosion

South Wales

Alberta (Canada)

glaciers

Freezing and thawing

scree

Wind erosion

Árbol de piedra, Bolivia

The Wave, a sandstone formation in northern Arizona

Gravitational erosion

Wadi in Makhtesh Ramon, Israel,

29/09/13

DEFORESTATION

29/09/13

4.1.Landforms of the continental relief

CONTINENTAL

-MOUNTAINS AND HILLS-MOUNTAINS RANGE- CATCHMENT AREA OR DEPRESSIONS.-PLATEAUS-PLAINS

4.LANDFORMS

4.2.Landforms of coastal relief

COASTAL RELIEF

-CAPES-GULFS-PENINSULAS-RÍAS-FIORDS-DELTAS-ESTUARIES-BEACHES AND CLIFFS

Nilo Delta

Norwegian fiords

Cape of Gata

gulf

27/09/11CLIFFS OF MOHER

4.3.Oceanic landforms.

SUBMARINE RELIEF

-CONTINENTAL PLATFORMS-CONTINENTAL SHELVES-ABYSSAL PLAINS-MID-OCEAN RIDGES-MARINE TRENCHES-GUYOT

A fault in Iceland

Homeworks. Write the definition of every landforms (continental, submarine and coastal)Homeworks. Write the definition of every landforms (continental, submarine and coastal)

27/09/11

5. THE LAND RELIEF OF THE CONTINENTS

27/09/11

6..The land relief of Europe