THE BEGINNINGS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION

The Industrial Revolution starts in England and soon spreads to other

countries.

The Agricultural Revolution Wealthy farmers in Great Britain began

to buy up smaller farm land Farmers begin to experiment with new

ways to produce more crops

Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way for Industrial Revolution

Enclosures › Enclose farm land› Allows farmers to experiment with new

agricultural methods Rotating Crops

› Switching crops each year to avoid depleting the soil

Breeding – only breed the best animals

Enclosure

Revolution in Great Britain 1700s = change in technology energy source changed from human &

animal power to machinery Industrial Revolution occurred when use

of power-driven machinery was developed This started in Great Britain

Why did Industrial Revolution Begin in Great Britain?

Britain had the natural resources needed

Expanding economy allows Great Britain to invest in new ideas

Has all factors of production › Land, labor, capital

Other Factors for Successin Great Britain

exploration and colonialism power of the sea political stability government support growth of private investment

Factors of Production: Land Great Britain had great natural

resources› coal for fuel› iron for steel & machinery› waterways (rivers & canals) to generate

power and transport raw materials and goods

Factors of Production: Labor Great Britain’s population grew

because of greater food supply enclosure movement took land away

from small farmers› resulted in surplus of available workers

Factors of Production: Capital

capital is the money or property a business needs to stay in business

capital can be money, machines, or people› people who specialized in one area had

abilities and skills to their advantages

A Revolution in Textiles a cottage industry is an occupation in

which you make a craft and it is done in your home

making cloth had been a cottage industry

cloth was made mostly with wool

A New Way of Making Cloth cloth was now made from wool and

cotton› more sheep could be raised due to the

enclosure movement› cotton came to Great Britain from the

colonies new inventions helped the process of

cloth making

Cotton Gin

invented by Eli Whitney removed seeds from raw cotton

Spinning Jenny invented by James Hargreaves spun multiple threads at one time

› threads were still thick and broke easily

Spinning Frame invented by Richard Arkwright similar to the spinning jenny

› spun stronger, thinner threads

“Flying Shuttle” invented by John Kay pushed thread back and forth on loom

automatically› had been done by the weaver pushing the

shuttle back and forth› allowed for looms to be wider than arm’s

width

Power Loom invented by Edmund Cartwright in

1785 automated the weaving process

Cloth Making Outside the Home

new inventions to speed up the cloth making process were big machines

machines needed a special place to house them

cloth now made in FACTORIES

Where to Build a Factory? Machines first powered by water Factories were located near water

source to harness that power

Steam Powers the Revolution

steam is created when water is heated to the point of vaporizing

water vapors expand when hot steam engines were invented in 1712

by Thomas Newcomen

Newcomen Steam Engine

Development of the Steam Engine James Watt innovated Newcomen’s

steam engine to be more efficient› Watt’s engine was better suited for

factories 1802 Richard Trevithick put a steam

engine in first locomotive 1807 Robert Fulton developed the

first steamship

Coal for British Steam Engines coal mining industry in northern and

western England grew by 1800, Great Britain produced 80%

of Europe’s coal mining was dangerous

› explosions› coal dust› collapsing shafts› hard labor

Steel Industry Helps Bessemer Process developed

› Helps mass produce steel Steel industry spurs on other industries

WASN’T THIS

FUN!!!!!!