Post on 22-Feb-2016
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THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH
Key assumptions
STARTER - KEY ASSUMPTIONS Read the quote from John Watson
… What does this suggest about the behaviourist approach?
THE ROLE OF THE ENVIRONMENT Tabula Rasa
… Literally means “Blank Slate”… We are born “blank” and it is
our environment which shapes us.
Environmental determinism… All that we are is because of
our environment. Our personalities and behaviour is determined by our environment
THE IMPORTANCE OF OBSERVABLE EVENTS IN RESEARCH This approach is primarily concerned with
observable behaviour (measurable behaviour)
Behaviourists don’t believe in studying thoughts, emotions and similar things which cannot be measured.
THE IMPORTANCE OF OBSERVABLE EVENTS IN RESEARCH Behaviourists believe that the behaviour of
people and animals (as they assume that there is little difference between people and other animals) is the result of stimulus-response relationships.
E.g.: you burn your hand on a stove, and therefore do not touch the stove again.
COMMON PRINCIPLES IN LEARNING Read the section on page 22-23 and match
the term to the definition
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING This is learning through ASSOCIATION
To remember this think ASS!
…clASSical conditioning…ASSociation
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Does anyone have a dog or a cat? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpoLxE
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CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Before conditioningUCS UCR(Food) (Salivation)
NS No Response(Metronome)
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING During conditioningUCS NS UCR(Food) (Metronome) (Salivation)
After conditioning CS CR(Metronome) (Salivation)
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Explain:
… “You eat a banana and shortly afterwards you are sick. You are sick not because of the banana, but because you have a stomach bug; however, from now on the smell and taste of bananas makes you feel nauseous.”
LITTLE ALBERT http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xt0ucx
OrPQE Read pages 24-25 and fill in the gaps. Using the equation, explain the
conditioning that occurred in the Little Albert Experiment
OPERANT CONDITIONING
Operant conditioning is learning through consequence
It focuses on reward and punishment. Have you been rewarded or punished this
week?
OPERANT CONDITIONING Read the section on page 25-5, and insert
the key terms with the definition, and give an example.
If you find it a bit confusing trying to remember all of the terms, just remember the following… Reinforcement increases behaviour… Punishment decreases behaviour… Positive is where something is given… Negative is where something is taken away
OPERANT CONDITIONING Can pigeons read?
… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_ctJqjlrHA&feature=related
Or play ping pong?… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGazy
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OPERANT CONDITIONING http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8nL-Bv
2oqc… In your own words, describe how in the video
above, operant conditioning has been used to train the Guinea pig.
… Use the correct terms.
Read the scenarios and state what type of conditioning it is.
PLENARY