The Cycle of Water

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STORMWATERSTORMWATERInformation for Information for

Master GardenersMaster Gardeners

Sandy Evans, RN, BA, MPH StudentSandy Evans, RN, BA, MPH Student

Walden UniversityWalden UniversityPUBH 6145-2PUBH 6145-2

Instructor: Donald J. Goodwin, DrPH, MSInstructor: Donald J. Goodwin, DrPH, MS Fall Quarter, 2009Fall Quarter, 2009

The Cycle of WaterThe Cycle of Water RainRain Rain makes our Rain makes our

gardens growgardens grow Unless there is too Unless there is too

much rain and not much rain and not enough sunenough sun

Then our plants rot Then our plants rot and crops mildewand crops mildew

Rain is StormwaterRain is Stormwater RainRain Stormwater Stormwater

According to the Washington According to the Washington State Department of State Department of Transportation, for every Transportation, for every inch of rain that falls on an inch of rain that falls on an acre of pavement, about acre of pavement, about 7,000 gallons of stormwater 7,000 gallons of stormwater is produced.is produced.

(Washington State Department of Transportation [WSDOT], 2008).

Nonpoint SourceNonpoint Source

RainRain Stormwater Stormwater Nonpoint Nonpoint

sourcesource

(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA], 2008b). (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA], 2008b).

Other ImpactsOther Impacts

LoggingLogging DebrisDebris

Other ContributorsOther Contributors

AgricultureAgriculture Urban runoffUrban runoff Sediment Sediment

SaltSalt Waste productsWaste products

(USEPA, 2008b).(USEPA, 2008b).

Chemical ComponentsChemical Components

FertilizersFertilizers

–NitrogenNitrogen

–PhosphorousPhosphorous PesticidesPesticides

(Center for Watershed Protection, EPA, USDA, USGS & State Governments, n.d.)(Center for Watershed Protection, EPA, USDA, USGS & State Governments, n.d.)

EffectsEffects

Contaminated drinking waterContaminated drinking water Damage to habitatDamage to habitat Unsafe recreational waterUnsafe recreational water

(USEPA, 2006; USEPA, 2008a; Washington State University Extension [WSU], Shore Stewards, 2003)

Stormwater is UbiquitousStormwater is Ubiquitous

A source of pollutionA source of pollution

A cause for concernA cause for concern

Managing Stormwater at HomeManaging Stormwater at Home

AssessmentAssessment LandscapingLandscaping Resource managementResource management

(McNeillan, & VanDerZanden, 2004; WSU, 2003)

Increasing PermeabilityIncreasing Permeability

Practice low impact developmentPractice low impact development–Make a planMake a plan

(McNeillan, & VanDerZanden, 2004; WSU, 2003).

Our PropertyOur Property

PermeabilityPermeability

–CompactionCompaction

–SealingSealing

(Pitt, Shen-En, Clark, Swenson & Choo, 2008) (Pitt, Shen-En, Clark, Swenson & Choo, 2008)

Increasing PermeabilityIncreasing Permeability

Remove invasive plantsRemove invasive plants– English ivyEnglish ivy– Non-native blackberriesNon-native blackberries

Plant and encourage native plantsPlant and encourage native plants– SnowberrySnowberry– SalalSalal

Fertilizers and PesticidesFertilizers and Pesticides

Cut back on chemicalsCut back on chemicals

(WSU, 2003; Bobbitt, et al, 2004).

Managing StormwaterManaging Stormwater

A valuable activityA valuable activity Good for the environmentGood for the environment Good for youGood for you

ResourcesResources

"After the Storm" from the EPA & The Weather Channel "After the Storm" from the EPA & The Weather Channel http://www.clu-in.org/search/t.focus/id/602/http://www.clu-in.org/search/t.focus/id/602/

““Gardening Resources” Gardening Resources” http://snohomish.wsu.edu/finalgardenresources.doc_files/finalgardenresources.http://snohomish.wsu.edu/finalgardenresources.doc_files/finalgardenresources.htmhtm

"Poisoned Waters" from PBS "Poisoned Waters" from PBS http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/poisonedwaters/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/poisonedwaters/

Snohomish Conservation District Snohomish Conservation District http://www.snohomishcd.org/http://www.snohomishcd.org/

““Surf Your Watershed” from the EPA Surf Your Watershed” from the EPA http://cfpub.epa.gov/surf/locate/index.cfmhttp://cfpub.epa.gov/surf/locate/index.cfm

ReferencesReferencesBobbitt, V., Fox, R., Kennell, H., Moulton, K., Pinyuh, G., and Robson, M. (2004).

Your yard and water quality. In T. Welch & M. Wingate (Eds.), Sustainable gardening (EM8742) (pp. 115-122). Oregon State University Extension Service and Washington State University Extension.

Center for Watershed Protection, EPA, USDA, USGS & State Governments. (n.d.). Removing pollutants from stormwater. In Stormwater authority.org. Retrieved from http://www.stormwaterauthority.org/pollutants/default.aspx

McNeillan, J. P. & VanDerZanden, A. M. (2004). Sustainable landscape design. In T. Welch & M. Wingate (Eds.), Sustainable gardening (EM8742) (pp. 455-472). Oregon State University Extension Service and Washington State University Extension.

Moeller, D. W. (2005). Environmental health (3rd ed.). Boston: Harvard University Press. ISBN: 978-0674014947

Pitt, R.& Clark, S. (2008). Integrated storm-water management for watershed sustainability. Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Engineering, 5, 548-555. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2008)134:5(548). Retrieved from http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JIDEDH000134000005000548000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes

South Carolina Forestry Commission. (n.d.). Timber harvesting. Retrieved from http://www.trees.sc.gov/rbth.htm

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). (2003). After the storm (EPA Publication No. 833-B-03-002). Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/weatherchannel/after_the_storm-read2.pdf

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). (2006). Who is responsible drinking water quality? In Ground Water & Drinking Water. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwh/who.html

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). (2007). Practices for Implementing Management Measures. In National management measures to control nonpoint source pollution from hydromodification. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/hydromod/pdf/Chapter_7_Practices_web.pdf

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). (2008a). Management measures for forestry - I. Introduction. In Polluted Runoff (Nonpoint Source Pollution). Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/owow/NPS/MMGI/Chapter3/ch3-1.html

References References (continued)(continued)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). (2008b). What is nonpoint source (NPS) pollution? (taken from EPA's Polluted brochure EPA-841-F-94-005, 1994). In Polluted Runoff (Nonpoint Source Pollution). Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/qa.html

Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). (2008). 2008 Stormwater Report. Retrieved from http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/81B05C71-70D3-44EC-9E55-7226619FE1AD/0/2008StormwaterRpt.pdf

Washington State University Extension (WSU), Shore Stewards. (2003). Guide for shoreline living. Retrieved from http://www.nwstraits.org/uploadBibliography/Island_ShoreStewards.pdf

Photo creditsPhoto credits

Microsoft (MS) Clip ArtSlide 2 – Microsoft (MS) Clip Art Slide 3 – MS Clip ArtSlide 3 – MS Clip Art Slide 4 – Sandy EvansSlide 4 – Sandy Evans Slide 5 – MS Clip ArtSlide 5 – MS Clip Art Slide 12 – MS Clip ArtSlide 12 – MS Clip Art

The Cycle of Water

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