Post on 31-Jul-2020
transcript
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The Eastern Christian Churches
A Brief Survey and Resources
Introductory Remarks
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The Greco-Roman Empire The Christian East
The Patriarchal Sees The Pentarchy
Rome – Old Rome (Latin) Constantinople – New Rome (Greek) Alexandria (North African, Coptic, Ethiopic) Antioch (Syrian – Syriac, Arabic) Jerusalem (Hebraic)
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The Eastern Christian Churches
I. The Church of the East (Assyrian)
II. The Oriental Orthodox Churches
III. The Orthodox Church
IV. The Eastern Catholic Churches
I. The Church of the East (Assyrian)
• History
• Division
• Council of Ephesus 431
• Theology
• Liturgy
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II. The Oriental Orthodox Churches
Consist of six independent churches that are in full communion
• The Armenian Apostolic Church
• The Coptic Orthodox Church (Egypt)
• The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
• The Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch
• The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (India)
• The Eritrean Orthodox Church
II. The Oriental Orthodox Churches
• Division: Council of Chalcedon 451
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III. The Orthodox Church
"orthodox" - right teaching/praise
a communion of national/regional churches
all recognize
the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
III. The Orthodox Church
• Ecclesiology
• Schism of 1054
• Traditions, practices, beliefs
• Attempts at Reconciliation
• Issues that separate
Orthodox & Catholic Churches
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Ecclesiology
A Communion of Churches
Ecclesiology
The
Autocephalous
Churches
The Patriarchate of Constantinople (The Ecumenical Patriarchate)
The Patriarchate of Alexandria
The Patriarchate of Antioch
The Patriarchate of Jerusalem
The Orthodox Church of Russia
The Orthodox Church of Serbia
The Orthodox Church of Bulgaria
The Orthodox Church of Georgia
The Orthodox Church of Cyprus
The Orthodox Church of Greece
The Orthodox Church of Poland
The Orthodox Church of Albania
The Orthodox Church of Czech and Slovak Republics
The Orthodox Church in America (OCA)
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Ecclesiology
The
Autonomous
Churches
The Orthodox Church of Mount Sinai
The Orthodox Church of Finland
The Orthodox Church of Japan
The Orthodox Church of China
Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church
Schism of 1054
Michael I Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople Humbert, Cardinal – Bishop of Silva Candida representing Leo IX, Pope of Rome, Patriarch of the West
Mutual excommunications Lifted by Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople 1965
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Schism of 1054 - Issues
Non theological • Interruption of regular communications • Language • Faced separate crisis • Responded differently to various needs Theological • Nature of the church • Eternal procession of the Spirit • “filioque” • Form of governance: monarchial vs federated/conciliar/synodal
Schism of 1054
8-13 April 1204
Sack of Constantinople by the Crusades
Painting by Eugene Delacroix
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Traditions, practices, beliefs
Governance
Ecclesiology
Councils – Holy Spirit
Scriptures
Traditions, practices, beliefs
Patristics
Liturgy – Byzantine Rite
Use of unleavened bread
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Traditions, practices, beliefs
Vernacular liturgical languages
use of Julian Calendar
position of prayer - standing
a cappella music – no instruments
married Clergy: deacons & priests
Sacraments called “Mysteries” - no fixed list
Traditions, practices, beliefs
Use of icons “written” vs the plastic arts:
statues, paintings, sculpture, stained glass
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Traditions, practices, beliefs
Procession of the Spirit
Reject Catholic Marian dogmas
Traditions, practices, beliefs
Great devotion of the Theotokos – “God Bearer”; Latin: Mater Dei, “Mother of God”
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Traditions, practices, beliefs
Divinization
Saint Athanasius:
“God became human
that we might become
like God.”
Attempts at Reconciliation
1054 Mutual excommunications
1274 Council of Lyons II
1438 – 1429 Council of Florence – Ferrara
1596 Union of Brest
Formal union proclaimed – ultimately rejected by the people
1962-65 Observers at Vatican II
26 October 1967 Paul and Athenagoras, Saint Peter’s Basilica
1980 – Official international dialogue begins
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Issues that Separate
Filioque
Trinitarian theology
Original Sin
Marian Dogmas
Purgatory/Indulgences
Papacy/infallibility/jurisdiction
Suspicion of Eastern Catholic Churches
IV. The Eastern Catholic Churches
All Eastern Catholic Churches
are in communion
with the Bishop of Rome.
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IV. The Eastern Catholic Churches
The Melkite Catholic Church
The Ukrainian Catholic Church
The Ruthenian Catholic Church
The Romanian Catholic Church
The Greek Catholic Church
The Bulgarian Catholic Church
The Slovak Catholic Church
The Hungarian Catholic Church
Byzantine Catholic in former Yugoslavia
Eastern Catholic Communities without Hierarchies:
Russian, Georgian, Belarusan, Albanian
The Maronite Catholic Church
The Italo-Albanian Catholic Church
The Chaldean Catholic Church
The Syro-Malabar Catholic Church
The Armenian Catholic Church
The Coptic Catholic Church
The Ethiopian Catholic Church
The Syrian Catholic Church
The Syro-Malankara Catholic Church
IV. The Eastern Catholic Churches
• History
• Reunions
• Uniate process
• Vatican Council II
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Roman
Rome
Francis
Supreme Pastor
Francis
(Patriarch of the West)
Edward Scharfenberger
Diocesan Bishop
Latin Rite
Latin, vernacular
Sacraments
Confirmation
Marriage
Eucharist, Mass
"The Body of Christ."
"The Blood of Christ."
Maronite
Antioch
Francis
Supreme Pastor
Mar Bechara Boutros al-Rahi
Patriarch of Antioch
Gregory John Mansour
Diocesan Bishop
Syro-Antiochene Rite
Arabic, Syriac, Aramaic,
vernacular
Mysteries
Chrismation
Crowning
Qurbono (Offering)
"The Body and Blood of Our Lord
Jesus Christ are given to you for the
forgiveness of sins and for eternal life.“
Ukrainian
Constantinople
Francis
Supreme Pastor
Sviatoslav Shevchuk
Major Archbishop of Kiev
Paul Chomnycky
Diocesan Bishop
Byzantine Rite
Old Slavonic, Ukrainian, vernacular
Mysteries
Chrismation
Crowning
Divine Liturgy
"The servant of God, N. receives the
precious and holy body and blood of
our Lord and God and Saviour Jesus
Christ, for the remission of his(her) sins
and for eternal life."
Roman
Eating & drinking
Eucharistic Prayer
Roman Canon
II, III, IV
Reconciliation I & II
Children's I, II, III
Seasons
Advent-Christmas
Lent-Easter
Ordinary Time
Maronite
Intinction
Anaphora (sampling)
Anaphora of the
Twelve Apostles
Sixtus, Pope of Rome
St. Peter III or Sharar
St. James of Saroug
St. Mark the Evang.
St. John the Apostle
Eustathius of Antioch
Ignatius of Antioch
Seasons
Announcement
(Glorious Birth)
Epiphany
Great Lent
Resurrection
Pentecost
Holy Cross
Ukrainian
Spoon
Anaphora
St. John Chrysostomos
St. Basil the Great
St. Gregory the Theologian
(presanctified)
Seasons
Nativity
Great Lent
Pentecostarion
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Ecumenical Relations
• The Church of the East
• The Oriental Orthodox Churches
• The Orthodox Churches
Q & A Q & A Q & A
• Տէր, ողորմեա
• يا رّب ارحم
• Κύριε ἐλέησον
• ܥܛܪܚܡܡܘܪܢ
• Kurielaison
• უფალო, შეგვიწყალე