THE IMPORTANCE OF THE REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE PRESERVATION

OF HEALTH AND IN THE PREVENTION OF SOME DISEASES

Prof. Dr. Pavlik Gábor DSc

Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences Semmelweis

University,Semmelweis Egyetem

pavlik@mail.hupe.hu

Exercise is MedicineGyőr, 20. May 2011.

2000 Sydney 2004 Athén 2008 Peking

17 %

DISADVANTAGES OF THE PASSIVE WAY OF LIFE

• Movements system: faults of body posture, joints instability,

osteoporosis• Metabolism: obesity,

metabolic disorders• Nervous system: nervousness, anxiety

sleep disorders, labile autonomous regulation

• Cardio-vascular system: hypertension, coronary diseases

DISADVANTAGES OF THE PASSIVE WAY OF LIFE

• Movements system: faults of body posture, joints instability,

osteoporosis• Metabolism: obesity,

metabolic disorders• Nervous system: nervousness, anxiety

sleep disorders, labile autonomous regulation

• Cardio-vascular system: hypertension, coronary diseases

BONE DENSITY IN THE FUNCTION BONE DENSITY IN THE FUNCTION OF AGE OF AGE

Peak bone massPeak bone mass

females males

Bon

e d

en

sity

Age

athletic females

Szőts G.(2005)

DISADVANTAGES OF THE PASSIVE WAY OF LIFE

• Movements system: faults of body posture, joints instability,

osteoporosis

• Metabolism: obesity, metabolic disorders

• Nervous system: nervousness, anxiety sleep disorders,

labile autonomous regulation• Cardio-vascular system: hypertension,

coronary diseases

Obesity related diseases

• Cholelithiasis• 2-type diabetes• Dislipidaemia

• Hypertension• Coronary diseases• Stroke

• Sleep apnoe• Movements system inflammations• Tumors

kcal

consumption uptake

breakfest

snack

lunch

kcal

consumption uptake

breakfest

snack

lunch

supper

kcal

consumption uptake

breakfest

snack

lunch

supper

kcal

consumption uptake

The required quantity of weekly intensive sports activity

• In younger than 20 yr. 6-7 hr

• 20-30 yr. 5-6 hr

• 30-40 yr. 4-5 hr

• 40-50 yr. 3-4 hr

• 50-60 yr. 2-3 hr

• In older than 60 yr. 1-2 hr

DISADVANTAGES OF THE PASSIVE WAY OF LIFE

• Movements system: faults of body posture, joints instability,

osteoporosis• Metabolism: obesity,

metabolic disorders

• Nervous system: nervousness, anxiety sleep disorders,

labile autonomous regulation• Cardio-vascular system: hypertension,

coronary diseases

Symptoms associated with nervousness, anxiety

• Low stress tolerance

• Depression

• Panic disease

• Addictive diseases

• Demencia

Consequencies of sleep disorders

• Chronic fatigue

• Decrease of the proportion of paradoxic sleep (REM)

• Insufficient cerebral recovery

Labile autonomous regulation

• Cardiac function

• Blood pressure

• Digestive diseases

• Metabolic disturbances

DISADVANTAGES OF THE PASSIVE WAY OF LIFE

• Movements system: faults of body posture, joints instability,

osteoporosis• Metabolism: obesity,

metabolic disorders• Nervous system: nervousness, anxiety

sleep disorders, labile autonomous regulation

• Cardio-vascular system: hypertension, heart (coronary) diseases

Importance of the athlete’s heart

• Fatal consequences of sedentary way of life are caused most frequently through the disturbances of the cardiovascular system

• The cardiac performance is mostly the limit of the endurance performance

• Cause of the sudden death of the athletes is always a disturbance of the heart

Mortality statistic in Hungary

cardiovascular

Tumors

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATHLETE’S HEART

MORPHOLOGY – left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy

- more rich coronary circulation

FUNCTION - better diastolic function (higher E/A)

REGULATION - lower heart rate

Relative left ventricular muscle mass (mean + s.e.m.)

males females

* szignifikáns különbség a nem-edzettektől edzett csoportok között

Pavlik et al. Br.J.Sp.Med.2001Pavlik et al. 27. FIMS Congr. Proc. 2002

* * * * * *

g/m3

NA STR SPRJ BGP END NA STR SPRJ BGP END

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATHLETE’S HEART

MORPHOLOGY – left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy- more rich coronary circulation

FUNCTION - better diastolic function (higher E/A)

REGULATION - lower heart rate

THE EFFECT OF REGULAR PHYSICAL TRAINING ON THE CORONARY CIRCULATION

HUMAN DATA

section Currens and White 1961

ultrasound Pelliccia et al. 1990.

dilatation capacity Haskell et al. 1993

ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS

section Petren et al. 1936, 1937

arteriolar flow Laughlin et al. 1978, Breisch et al. 1986

increase of capillary density: young rats - Bloor, Leon 1970,Tomanek 1970, Bell, Rasmussen 1974, Jacobs ea. 1984,

Mattfeldt ea. 1986

no increase: older rats - Unge et al. 1979, Jacobs et al. 1984

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATHLETE’S HEART

MORPHOLOGY – left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy- more rich coronary circulation

FUNCTION - better diastolic function (higher E/A)

REGULATION - lower heart rate

E

A

* * * * ** * * *

AZ E/A (ÁTLAG + S.E.M.) AZ ÉLETKOR FÜGGVÉNYÉBEN NEM-EDZETT ÉS EDZETTFÉRFIAKBAN ÉS NŐKBEN

*: szignifikáns különbség év

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REL.LVMM AND E/A IN MEN OLDER THAN 35 YR.

y =0,82 + 0,0083x r=0,32 p < 0,05

y =1,1707 - 0,004x r= -0,27 p< 0,15 N=34

g/m3

N=44

Pavlik és mtsai, Hypertonia és Nephrologia 2002

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATHLETE’S HEART

MORPHOLOGY – left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy- more rich coronary circulation

FUNCTION - better diastolic function (higher E/A)

REGULATION - lower heart rate

A PULZUSSZÁM (ÁTLAG + S.E.M.) AZ ÉLETKOR FÜGGVÉNYÉBEN NEM-EDZETT ÉS EDZETT

FÉRFIAKBAN ÉS NŐKBENpulz/perc

év

* * * * * * * *

*: szignifikáns különbség

NEM-EDZETT EDZETT

THE HEART RATE AT DIFFERENT LEVEL OF LOAD IN NON-ATHLETIC AND ATHLETIC SUBJECTS

Cardiac output l/min

BPM

DURATION OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE PHASES IN NON-ATHLETIC AND ATHLETIC SUBJECTS (Pavlik et al. Acta Physiol.

Hung. 1999)

msec

Advantages of the athlete’s heart in the prevention of myocardial infarction

• LV hypertrophy

• Rich coronary capillarisation

• Better relaxation ability

• Lower resting and exercise heart rate

• Better general circulation

• Smaller area of one coronary capillary

• Better diastolic function in the older age

• Better coronary circulation during the longer diastole

Risk factors of the myocardial infarction

• Overload

• Smoking

• Obesity

• High cholesterole level

• Nervousness, anxiety

• Sedentary way of life

Risk factors of the myocardial infarction

• Overload

• Smoking

• Obesity

• High cholesterole level

• Nervousness, anxiety

• Sedentary way of life