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The Indic MathematicaL Tradition
Monthly Planner 2007,2008
With Panchangam Data
Compliments
Of Indic Studies Foundation
Designed By
Kosla Vepa
The Indic Mathematical tradition
Aryabhata I (the elder)आयर्भट
Born 2765 BCE (based on modern research)conventional dating (476 - 550 CE)
astronomer mathematician of the ancient world
Ancient Vedic AstronomyAncient Vedic Astronomy
First mentioned in the VedasFirst mentioned in the VedasThe Vedas can be dated to the 5th or 6The Vedas can be dated to the 5th or 6thth millennium BCE using millennium BCE using techniques now considered as a part of a discipline known as techniques now considered as a part of a discipline known as
ArchaeoArchaeo AstronomyAstronomy
One of the observations that the ancients made was the day and One of the observations that the ancients made was the day and the location of the Sun when it makes its way past the Celestialthe location of the Sun when it makes its way past the Celestial
equator to the northern half of the Celestial sphere. This is knequator to the northern half of the Celestial sphere. This is known own as the Vernal equinox. When this occurs the number of hours of as the Vernal equinox. When this occurs the number of hours of
daylight equals 12 or half the modern calendar daydaylight equals 12 or half the modern calendar dayThe Astronomy and the Astrology of India is based upon sidereal The Astronomy and the Astrology of India is based upon sidereal
calculations. Sidereal astronomy uses the distant stars as the calculations. Sidereal astronomy uses the distant stars as the frame of reference and the sidereal period is the time that it tframe of reference and the sidereal period is the time that it takes akes the object to make one full orbit around the Sun, relative to ththe object to make one full orbit around the Sun, relative to the e
stars. This is a more accurate computation of the true orbital stars. This is a more accurate computation of the true orbital period of any planetary body period of any planetary body ..
January 2007Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1New Year 's Day
2 3Purnima
4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14Makar Sankranti,, Uttarayana Punyakalam
15EkadasiMartin Luther King, Jr.
16 17 18
Amavasya
19 20
21 22 23Vasant Panchami
24 25 26Republic Day of India
27
28Ekadasi
29 30 31Dec 2006
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Feb 2007
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The Indic Mathematical tradition
The Armillary or Celestial sphere (Gola)
depicts the way the ancients saw the universe,asthey gazed at the sky. Armillary spheres have concentric rings to indicate planetary orbits, the zodiac band of constellations, and terrestrial and celestial measurement circles such as the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn and the equator. Sometimes they are mounted with an Orrery inside. Sometimes they are mounted as garden sundials.
A Ptolemaic armillary sphere has an earth globe atthe center, surrounded by celestial circle and zodiac armillary rings, demonstrating the geocentric theory of the universe developed by Ptolemy and others in ancient Greece and Rome. The latest view is that Ptolemy was certainly not the first or the only onetodevelop a calculation algorithm based on a geocentric model. The Indics were already there, no pun intended, as were probably the Chinese
February 2007Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1Purnima
2Groundhog Day
3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12Lincoln's Birthday
13Ekadasi
14Valentine's Day
15 16Maha Shivaratri
17Amavasya
18Yugabda 5109
19President's Day
20 21 22Washington's Birthday
23 24
25 26 27Ekadasi
28
Jan 2007
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7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31
M ar 2007
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The Indic Mathematical tradition
The Celestial sphereKnown also as the Armillary sphere or Gola in Sanskrit)
Showing the ecliptic and its inclination to the celestial equator and is the inclination of the earths axis to the axis perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic
About 23.5 degrees
March 2007Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1 2 3Parti al Lunar Eclipse
HoliPurnima
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11Daylight Saving Time Begins
12 13 14 15Ekadasi
16 17St. Patri ck's Day
18Solar Eclipse
19Chaitra, Ugadi ,Hindi, Telugu New year
Ramayana week
20 21Vernal Equinox
22 23 24
25 26Sri Ram Navami
27 28 29Ekadasi
30 31
Feb 2007
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4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
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Apr 2007
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The Indic Mathematical tradition
The structure of Vedic Literature (continued)EachVeda consists of Samhitas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas -
speculation in the solitude of wilderness eventually taking shape as the Upanishads,
To these were appended what were later called the Vedangascomprising of
Shiksha (phonetics) Sandhi rules
Chandas (meter)
Nirukta (etymology)
Vyakarana (grammar)
Jyotisha (astronomy and calendric functions)
KalpaSutras(Ritual procedures and the associated mathematics)
Note the emphasis on brevity throughout, sandhi to make the content more compact, phonetics for mnemonic purposes. Panini’s Ashtadhyayi is a tour de force as the worlds oldest
Grammar text and Nirukta for associativity in remembering the meaning of words
April 2007Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1April Fool's Day
Mahavira Jayanti
2Purnima
3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14Tamil New Year, Baisakhi, Vishu
15 16 17Partial Lunar Eclipse
18 19 20 21
22Ramanuja JayantiSankara Jayanti
23 24 25 26 27 28Ekadasi
29 30Narasimha Jayanti
Mar 2007
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18 19 20 21 22 23 24
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May 2007
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The Indic Mathematical tradition
Proposed chronology of the Vedics
A work in progress
Event Individual Date
Birth Veda Vyaasa ~3300 BCE
Birth Apastambha 3200 BCE
Birth Baudhayana 3200 BCE
Era Kaliyuga 3102 BCE
Birth Aryabhata 2765 BCE
Lifespan Gautama Buddha 1888-1807 BCE
Coronation Chandragupta Maurya 1554 BCE
Coronation Asoka Maurya 1472 BCE
Coronation Kanishka 1294-1234 BCE
Era Andhra Satavahana 833 BCE -327 BCE
Coronation Chandragupta of Gupta dynasty 327 BCE
Pancha Siddhanta VarahaMihira 123 BCE
Reign Vikramaditya 102 BCE to 78 BCE
Birth Brahmagupta 30 BCE
Writings Bhaskara II Siddhanta Siromani 486 BCE
May 2007Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1Purnima
2Buddha Purnima
3Annamacharya Jayanti
4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12Hanuman Jayanti
13EkadasiMother's Day
14 15 16Amavasya,Jyeshtafirst of 2, adhik maas
17 18 19Armed Forces Day
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27Ekadasi
28Memorial Day
29 30Poornima
31
Apr 2007
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8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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Jun 2007
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The Indic Mathematical tradition
Precession of the equinoxes
At the end of a tropical year from one vernal equinox to the next with respect to the fixed stars , the earth appears to fall short by 50.26 seconds of longitude.
That means it takes approximately 25876 years for the precession to complete 360 degrees or 1 revolution of the vernal equinox as it traverses a different Nakshatra every 955 years.
Voila , here we have a 26000 year clock and by noting the Nakshatra in which the vernal equinox occurred we can tell when the event occurred. By dividing each Nakshatra into 4 padas we can refine the unit of time to 240 years . This is a fairly reliable method of dating events such as the composition of the Rg or the date of the Mahabharata war
Precession of the equinoxes and the pole star
June 2007Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11Ekadasi
12 13 14Flag Day
15Adhik Maas last day
16Amavasya,Jyeshtashukla
17Father's Day
18 19 20 21Summer Solsti ce
22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30Purnima
May 2007
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6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30 31
Jul 2007
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8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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22 23 24 25 26 27 28
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July 2007Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1 2 3 4Independence Day
5 6 7
8 9 10Ekadasi
11 12 13 14Amavasya, Asadha shukla
15 16Dakshinayana Punyakala
17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25Ekadasi
26 27 28Guru(Vyaasa) Purnima
29 30 31Jun 2007
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Aug 2007
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The Indic Mathematical tradition
Deciphering the age of an event
Observations about the Nakshatra in which the Vernal Equinox occurs tell us the era in which the observations took place (Archaeo-Astronomy)
This is only one of the possible astronomical markers
Look to manuscripts written by Astronomers and Mathematicians, since they have a penchant for precision in their observations and remarks
We are at the beginning of discovery of our forgotten past
August 2007Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8Ekadasi
9 10 11
12Amavasya,Sravanashukla
13 14 15Independence Day
16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24EkadasiVaralakshmi Vratam
25
26 27 28PurnimaRaksha Bandhan
29 30 31
Jul 2007
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8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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22 23 24 25 26 27 28
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Sep 2007
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The Indic Mathematical tradition
Dating of the Vedas
Hermann Jacobi
John Playfair In 1790, the Scottish mathematician John Playfair demonstrated that the starting-date of the astronomical observations recorded in the tables still in use among Hindu astrologers (of which three copies had reached Europe between 1687 and 1787) had to be 4300 BC.3
Playfair’s argumentation, “Remarks on the astronomy of the Brahmins”, Edinburg 1790, is reproduced in Dharampal: Indian Science and Technology in the Eighteenth Century, Academy of Gandhian Studies, Hyderabad 1983 (Impex India, Delhi 1971), p.69-124.
September 2007Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1
2 3Labor Day
4Krishna Janmashtami
5 6Ekadasi
7 8
9 10 11Amavasya, Bhadrapada shukla
12 13 14 15Ganesh Chaturthi
16 17 18 19 20 21 22Ekadasi
23Autumnal equinox
24 25 26Purnima
27 28 29
30
Aug 2007
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5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 31
Oct 2007
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The Indic Mathematical tradition
The difference between the sidereal day and the solar
day from Wikipedia.
For the same reason the sidereal year is longer than the solar or tropical year by
about 20 minutes.
We will come back to this when we discuss the
precession of the equinoxes
October 2007Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1 2 3 4 5 6Ekadasi
7 8Columbus Day (Observed)
9 10Amavasya,Aswinashukla
11Navratri begins
12 13
14 15 16 17Saraswati Puja
18 19Madhva Jayanti
20
21Vijaya Dashami
22Ekadasi
23 24 25Purnima
26 27
28 29Karva chaturthi (Karva chauth)
30 31Halloween
Sep 2007
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30
Nov 2007
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TheIndic
NakshatraSystem
attributed toGargeya in the Atharva
Veda
Western Asterism name Indian Nakshatras (Sidereal Zodiac) Sector in deg,min deg,min
1. Beta Arietis Aswini 00 00 13 20
2. 41 Arietis Bharani 13 20 26 40
3. Eta Tauri Karthika 26 40 40 00
4. Alpha Tauri Rohini 40 00 53 20
5. Lamda Orionis Mrigasira 53 20 66 40
6. Alpha Orionis Aridra 66 40 80 00
7. Beta Geminorum Punarvasu 80 00 93 20
8. Delta Cancri Pushya 93 20 106 40
9. Alpha Cancri Aslesha 106 40 120 00
10. Alpha Leonis Magha 120 00 133 20
11. Delta Leonis Pubba 133 20 146 40
12. Beta Leonis Uttara 146 40 160 00
13. Delta Corvi Hasta 160 00 173 20
14. Alpha Virginis Chitra 173 20 186 40
15. Alpha Bootis Chothi 186 40 200 00
16. Beta Librae Vishakam 200 00 213 20
17. Delta Scorpi Anuradha 213 20 226 40
18. Alpha Scorpi Jyeshta 226 40 240 00
19. Lamda Scorpi Moola 240 00 253 20
20. Delta Sagittari Poorvashad 253 20 266 40
21. Delta Sagittari Uthrashad 266 40 280 00
22. Alpha Aquilae Sravana 280 00 293 20
23. Alpha Delphini Dhanishta 293 20 306 40
24. Lamda Aquar Satabhisha 306 40 320 00
25. Alpha Pegasi Poorvabhadra 320 00 333 20
26. Alpha Andromeda Uttrarabhadra 333 20 346 40
27. Zeta Piscium Revathi 346 40 360 00
November 2007Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1 2 3
4Daylight SavingsTime Ends
Ekadasi
5 6Election Day
7Naraka Chaturdasi
8Deepavali
9Amavasya,Kartikashukla
10Vikram New Year 2064
11Veterans Day
12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20Ekadasi
21 22Thanksgiving
23 24Purnima
25 26 27 28 29 30
Oct 2007
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14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31
Dec 2007
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The Indic Mathematical tradition
Dating of the Mahabharata
The following key dates are found to be consistent with the sky inscriptions observed by Veda Vyasa:
Krishna's departure on Revati Sept. 26, 3067 BCE Krishna's arrival in Hastinapura on Bharani Sept. 28, 3067 BCE Solar eclipse on Jyeshtha amavasya Oct. 14, 3067 BCE Krittika full moon (lunar eclipse) September 29, 3067 BCE War starts on November 22, 3067 BCE (Saturn in Rohini, Jupiter in
Revati) Winter solstice, January 13, 3066 BCE Bhishma's expiry, January 17, 3066 BCE Magha shukla ashtamiA fierce comet at Pushya October 3067 BCE Balarama sets off on pilgrimage on Sarasvati on Pushya day Nov. 1, 3067
BCE Balarama returns from pilgrimage on Sravana day Dec. 12, 3067 BCE
On the day Ghatotkaca was killed moon rose at 2 a.m., Dec. 8, 3067 BCE
December 2007Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1
2 3 4Ekadasi
5 6 7 8
9Amavasya,Margasi rsashukla
10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19Gita jayanti Vaikunta Ekadasi
20 21 22Winter solstice
23Purnima
24 25Christmas
26 27 28 29
30 31New Year's Eve
Nov 2007
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Jan 2008
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The Indic Mathematical tradition
Month Suns LongitudeDeg min
Duration days
Gregorian2007/2008
1. Vaisakha 23 15 30.9 Apr. 18
May 17,16
June 15
July 13
Aug. 18
Sept. 12
Oct. 10
Nov. 10
Dec. 24
Jan. 19
Feb. 18
12. Caitra 353 15 30.3 Mar. 19
2. Jyestha(adhika) 53 15 31.3
3. Asadha 83 15 31.5
4. Sravana 113 15 31.4
5. Bhadrapada 143 15 31.0
6. Asvina 173 15 30.5
7. Kartika 203 15 30.0
8. Margasirsa 233 15 29.6
9. Pausa 263 15 29.4
10. Magha 293 15 29.5
11. Phalguna 323 15 29.9
Months according to Indian Panchang Synchronization and Leap MonthsThe fundamental problem with the Indian
panchang as with all lunisolar calendars is the synchronizaton (or a lack thereof) between the solar and lunar periodicities and just as we add a leap day every four years to the Gregorian calendar m we have to add a leap month or adhika maas every 2.5 years. There are 2 synchronization cycles known as the MetonicCycle and the Saros. According to the Metoniccycle (Meton . was a Greek of 430 BCE), every 2.5 years an extra lunar month, will have to be added to keep up to 365 days. In 19 years,7 lunar months are aided to make it more accurate, i.e. 19 x 12 + 7 = 235 lunar months. Since a lunar month is about 29.531 days which gives a total of 235 x 29.531 = 6939.68 days. However Yajnavalkya was the first to demonstrate a 95 year (19*5)synchronization cycle in the Satapatha Brahmana . Yajnavalkya was another one of those who could be termed a Man for all seasons,a multi faceted personality, a species of Homo sapien that appeared to populate the pages of ancient Indian History in much profusion
January 2008Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1New Year's Day
2 3 4Ekadasi
5
6 7 8Amavasya, Pausa shukla
9 10 11 12
13 14Makar Sankranti
15 16 17 18 19
20 21Martin Luther King, Jr.
22Purnima
23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30 31
Dec 2007
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2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31
Feb 2008
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The Indic Mathematical tradition
“In the 5th Mandala of Rig Veda, the 40th sukta and 5th Rik, Rishi Atri describes a total solar eclipse.
Rig Veda- HYMN XL. 5. Indra. Surya. Atri.
O Surya, when the Asura's descendant Svarbhanu, pierced thee through and through with darkness, All creatures looked like one who is bewildered, who knoweth not
the place where he is standing.Vedic astrology refers to moon’s ascending node or descending node at time of potential solar eclipse as Rahu or Swarbhanu, a demon. The passage certainly describes a total solar eclipse, magically imposed by
Rahu, and people and animals being scared of the solar eclipse event .The same material is expanded in
Kaushitiki or Sankhyayana Brahmana. 24.4.“
Dr.S.Balakrishna
February 2008Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1 2Groundhog Day
3 4 5 6 7Amavasya, Magha shukla
8 9
10 11Vasant panchami
12Lincoln's Birthday
13 14Valentine's Day
15 16
17Ekadasi
18President's Day
19 20 21Purnima
22Washington's Birthday
23
24 25 26 27 28 29
Jan 2008
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6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30 31
Mar 2008
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9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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23 24 25 26 27 28 29
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The Indic Mathematical tradition
Definitions (see figure)
Ecliptic - the great circle on the celestial sphere that lies in the plane of the earth's orbit (called the plane of the ecliptic). Because of the earth's yearly revolution around the sun, the sun appears to move in an annual journey through the heavens with the ecliptic as its path.
Celestial sphere or armillary imaginary sphere enveloping the earth appears to turn as the earth rotates
Celestial equatorequinox (ē´kwĬnŏks) , क्तांतीोुत्त (Kranthivruth)either of two points on the celestial sphere where the ecliptic and the celestial equator intersect.
Periodicity of the saptarishi or Great Bear constellation or the UrsaMajor equatorial coordinate system Line of DeclinationLine of right ascension
March 2008Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1
2 3Ekadasi
4 5 6Amavasya,Phalgunashukla
7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17EkadasiSt. Patrick's Day
18 19 20Vernal Equinox
21Holi
22
23Easter Sunday
24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31
Feb 2008
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3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29
Apr 2008
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6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30
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The Indic Mathematical tradition
Some more definitions
Sidereal Day
An apparent sidereal day - the time it takes for the Earth to turn 360 degrees in its rotation; more precisely, is the time it takes a typical star to make two successive upper meridian transits. This is slightly shorter than a
solar day. There are 366.2422 sidereal days in a tropical year, but 365.2422 solar days, resulting in a sidereal day of 86,164.091 seconds (or: 23 hours, 56 minutes,
4.091 seconds).The reason there is one more sidereal day than "normal" days in a year is that the Earth's orbit around the Sun offsets one sidereal day, giving observers on Earth 365 1/4 days, even though the planet itself rotated 366 1/4 times (the Earth rotates in the same direction around its axis as it does around the Sun:
seen from the northern sky, counter-clockwise).Midnight, in sidereal time, is when the First Point of Aries crosses the upper
meridian.A mean sidereal day is reckoned, not from the actual transit, but from the
transit of the mean vernal equinox (see: mean sun).
April 2008Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1April Fool 's Day
2Ekadasi
3 4 5
6Amavasya,Cha itra shukla, Cha ndrama na uga di
Daylight Saving Time Begins
Hindi Telugu Ne w Year (Cha itra)
7 8 9 10 11 12
13Ram Navmi
14 15 16Ekadasi
17 18 19
20Hanuman jayanti
21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30Mar 2008
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2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31
May 2008
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The Indic Mathematical tradition
Comparison of The Àryabhatiya of Àryabhata and Astronomic values.
Astronomy Constants AD 2000.0 Aryabhatiya 1604 BC
Rotations per solar orbit 366.25636031 366.2563589 366.25635656
Days per solar orbit 365.25636031 365.2563589 365.25635656
Days per lunar orbit 27.32166120 27.3216638 27.32166801
Rotations per lunar orbit 27.39646289 27.39646514 27.39646936
May 2008Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1Ekadasi
2Ekadasi
3
4 5Amavasya,Vaisakhashukla
6 7 8 9 10
11Mother's Day
12 13 14 15Ekadasi
16 17Armed Forces Day
18 19Buddha jayanti
20 21 22 23 24
25 26Memorial Day (Observed)
27 28 29 30 31Ekadasi
Apr 2008
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1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30
Jun 2008
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8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30
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The Indic Mathematical tradition
ASTRONOMIC AUTHORITY
Àryabhata(from Clarke and Kay)
Surya Siddanta
Years in Cycle 4,320,000 4,320,000
Rotations of the earth 1,582,237,500 1,582,237,828
Days 1,577,917,500 1,577,917,828
Lunar Orbits 57,753,336 57,753,336
Kay notes 57,753,339 lunar orbits rather than 57,753,336 per Clarke.
Synodic Months 53,433,336 53,433,336
Mercury 17,937,920 17,937,060
Venus 7,022,388 7,022,376
Mars 2,296,824 2,296,832
Jupiter 364,224 364,220
Saturn 146,564 146,568
June 2008Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1 2 3Amavasya,Jyeshtashukla
4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14EkadasiFlag Day
15Father's Day
16 17 18Purnima
19 20 21Summer Solsti ce
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29Ekadasi
30May 2008
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The Indic Mathematical tradition
Dating of the Vedas
Koenrad Elst – “In a rather shoddy way, Friedrich Max Müllerlaunched the hypothesis that the Rg-Veda had to be dated to about 1200 BC, and even though he later retracted it, that arbitrary guess has become the orthodoxy”. A precursor to the habitual circular reasioning adopted by current day European indologists
Maurice Winternitz remained skeptical of his own assumptions - We cannot explain the development of the whole of this great literature if we assume as late a date as round about 1200 BC or 1500 BC as its starting-point.” 1
Hermann Jacobi
John Playfair see next slide
B G Tilak Orion Cosco Publications, reprint 1984, original 1895
S Balakrishna – Vedic Astronomy articles
www.vedicastronomy.net
July 2008Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1 2 3Amavasya,Asadhashukla
4Independence Day
5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13Ekadasi
14 15 16 17 18Guru Purnima (Veda Vyaasa)
19
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27 28Ekadasi
29 30 31
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The Indic Mathematical tradition
ChaitraVaishakhJeshtaAshadhShrawan(Sawan)Bhadrapad(Bhado)AshwinKartikMargshirshPaushMaghaFalgoon (Fagan)
English calendar weekdays Indian calendar weekdays
SundayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday
RaviwarSomwar (Chandrawar)MangalwarBudhwarGuruwarShukrawarShaniwar
August 2008Monthly Planner
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1Amavasya, Sravana Shukla
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12Ekadasi
13 14 15 16Purnima, Raksha Bandhan
17 18 19 20 21 22 23Krishna Janmashtami
24 25 26 27Ekadasi
28 29 30Amavasya, Bhadrapada shukla
31
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The Indic Mathematical tradition
Zodiac sign Sanskrit Name Sector begin Sector end
Aries Mesha 00 30
Taurus Vrishabha 30 60
Gemini Mithuna 60 90
Cancer Karka 90 120
Leo Simha 120 150
Virgo Kanya 150 180
Libra Tula 180 210
Scorpio Vrishchika 210 240
Sagittarius Dhanus 240 270
Capricorn Makara 270 300
Aquarius Kumbha 300 330
Pisces Meena 330 360
September 2008Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1Labor Day
2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11Ekadasi
12 13
14 15Purnima
16 17 18 19 20
21 22Autumn begins
23 24 25Ekadasi
26 27
28 29Amavasya,Aswinashukla
30Aug 2008
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The Indic Mathematical tradition
… a region of the sky, within official borders set in 1928 by the IAU. • Often recognizable by a pattern or grouping of stars. • Some patterns, like the Winter Triangle, span
several constellations.
A Constellation is
October 2008Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9Vijaya dasami
10 11Ekadasi
12 13Columbus Day (Observed)
14Purnima
15 16 17 18Karva chaturthi
19 20 21 22 23 24Ekadasi
25
26Daylight SavingsTime Ends
27Naraka Chaturdasi, Deepavali
28Amavasya,KartikaShukla
29Vikram New Year 2065
30 31Halloween
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Asterisms (Sapta Rishi as an example)
• The big dipper • Actually part of Ursa Major • The Big Bear
• Or Big Raccoon?Bharateeya Jyotishya shaastra states
that each Nakshatra name corresponds to a group of stars called star mansions or Asterisms.
Image fom: http://www.physics.csbsju.edu/astro/constellations/ursa_major_l.html
The Indic Mathematical traditionThe Indic Mathematical tradition
November 2008Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1
2 3 4Election Day
5 6 7 8
9Ekadasi
10 11Veterans Day
12 13Purnima
14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23Ekadasi
24 25 26 27Amavasya,Margasi rsashuklaThanksgiving
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December 2008Monthly Planner
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9Ekadasi, Gita Jayanti
10 11 12Purnima
13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21Winter solstice
22Ekadasi
23 24 25Christmas
26 27Amavasya,Pausa shukla
28 29 30 31New Year 's Eve
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The Indic Mathematical tradition
I dedicate this research to the Goddess Sarasvati
And the river that bears her name
And the Brahmi civilization that flourished on the banks of the river for over 3000 years giving rise to the first phonetic
and syllabic scriptOm Sarveshaam Swastir Bhavatu
Sarveshaam Saantir Bhavatu
Sarveshaam Poornam Bhavatu
Sarvesham Mangalam Bhavatu