The Infinitive

Verbalsreview

Participle=adj. •Present=“nt”=--ing•Perfect=--ed,future=about to____

infintive •Subject or object of sentence•Indirect statement

Gerund=noun •present•=ing

PARTICIPLE

• Present participle• Caesar vicens Galliam praedam ad Romam

portabit.• Perfect participle• Caesar vulneratus et victus verba fecit.• Future participle• Caesar victurus Galliam consulem creatus

est.

Present Active-amare

Present Passive-

amari***

Perfect Active-amavisse

Perfect Passive-amatus esse

Future Active-amaturus esse

Use of the infinitive

• #1-subjective• used as the subject of the sentence• E.g.-To win the corona civica meant you saved

a citizen’s life during a battle.

•Videre est credere.

• To see is to believe.

• Spectare stellas est placidum.

• To watch stars is placid.

Use of the infinitive• #2=Objective • used as the object of the sentence

• E.g.Romans tried for fifteen year(218-203BC) to rid their land of Hannibal.

• Romani temptaverunt vincere Germaniam.

• Romans tried to conquer Germany.

•Possum scribere.

• I am able to write.

Uses of the infinitive

• #3-Indirect Statement

• After main verbs of ….

SAYING DICO

CLAMO

NUNTIO

lOQUOR

KNOWING PUTO

SCIO

INTELLEGO

CREDO

THINKING PUTO

COGNOSCO

OSTENDO

DOCEO

PERCEIVING, VIDEO

AUDIO

OLFACIOSENTIO TANGO

• Latin will use an infinitive as the verb of the dependent clause and the subject of the dependent clause will be in the accusative case.

• E.g.-Scio discipulos Latinam studere.

Tense of the infinitive

• Before• the main verb

perfect

• Caesar dicit milites vincere.

• Caesar says the soldiers win/conquer.

• Caesar dicit milites vinci.

• Caesar says the soldiers are conquered.

• Caesar dicit milites vicisse.

• Caesar says the soldiers won.

• Caesar dicit milites victos esse.

• Caesar says the soldiers were conquered.

• Caesar dicit milites victuros esse.

• Caesar says the soldiers will win.

•

“LOVE” Practice

• She says the boy loves the girl.

• Dicit puerum amare puellam.

• She said the boy loved the girl.

• Dixit puerum amare puellam.

• She says the boy will love the girl

• Dicit puerum amaturum esse puellam.

• She says the boy loved the girl.

• Dicit puerum amavisse puellam.

• She says the girl was loved by the boy.

• Puellam a puero amatam esse dicit.

• She said the boy had loved the girl

• Dixit puerum amavisse puellam.

• She was saying the boy would love the girl.

• Dicebat puerum amaturaum esse puellam.

• She says the girl is loved by the boy.

• Dicit puellam amari a puero.

Uses of the infinitivesubjective

6%

objective15%

indirect statement

80%