TheIOSHFireRiskManagementGroup

Seminar#1ComplacencyWhentheEvacuationAlarmisInitiatedPresentationwithSpeakerNotes

Version02:15March2017IOSHMFSDG©IOSHFRMGPage1of4

Titleslide

Photocredit©IStock521310698

1.

• Wearedealingwithtime.Theearlierwecangetemployeesmovingtosafety,thebetter.

• Weknowwecanreducetimeandpotentiallysavelivesatworkandathomewithautomaticdetection/alarmsystems.

• Wealsoknowthatsuppressionsystemssuchassprinklerscangainusprecioustime.

• Andfinallyweknowthatgettingpeopletomovewithoutaskingquestionsorexploringalsobuysustime.

Photocredit©Thinkstock.com200249326-001

2.

Thisisthetime/temperaturecurve.• Thehorizontallinerepresentstime.• Theverticallinerepresentstemperature.• Astimeincreases,ifthereisnosuppressionofthefire,althoughthethreattolifemaybeinitiallyislow,itdramaticallyincreaseswithinashorttime.

• Asthetemperatureincreasessodoesthethreattolife.• Notethatthethreatbeginslowandgenerallyremainslowforthefirstpartofthecurve,butdependingonthefuelandtheamountofoxygen,thisvariablecanchange.

• Smokeandotherbyproductssuchascarbonmonoxidegasalsostarttodevelopandincreaseovertime.

• Thesoonerthealarmsounds,thesoonerpeoplemove,thebetterthesituation.

IllustrationDGold

3.

Therearefourdistinctphasesofevacuationthatweneedtounderstandandagreeon.Phase1:TheDetectionPhase.• Thisisfromignitiontoalert.Theremaybeatimelagbeforeadetectororahumanbeingdetectsafire.

• Oncedetectedinanautomatedsystemthealarmwillsoundimmediately.

• Howeverintheabsenceofadetector/alarmsystemsomeoneobservingthefirewillneedtogivethealarm.

Phase2:Thepre-movementphase.• Fromthealert,whenthefirehasbeendetected,analarmactivatedtoevacuateandthealarmisrecognizeduntiloccupantsstartmoving.

• Thisisanimportantphasebecauseherecomplacencyplaysanimportantrole.Whenpeopleaskthemselveswhethertheyshouldevacuateornot,criticaltimemaybelost.

• Duringthepre-movementphasepeopletendtodoubtthereisanalarm.

• Theymaylookforthesourceofthefireortrytoconfirmthereisactuallyareasontoevacuate.

• Peoplemaysecurevaluables,turnoffequipmentorlookforpersonalbelongingstheywishtotakewiththem.

• Peoplemayalsolookfortheircolleaguesorfriendspriortomoving.

Phase3:Traveltime.Thisistheamountoftimeittakesforthe

Complacencyduringevacuationalarms

AseminarorganisedbytheIOSHFireRiskManagementGroup

Time=threeminutesorless

Temperature

Time

Threattolife

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1=Igni.on2=Detec.on3=Alarm

4=Movementstarts5=Evacueesreachexit

7=Accoun.ngatassemblyarea

Detec.onphase

Pre-movementPhase

Travel.me

6=Evacueesclearexit

Flow.me

TheIOSHFireRiskManagementGroup

Seminar#1ComplacencyWhentheEvacuationAlarmisInitiatedPresentationwithSpeakerNotes

Version02:15March2017IOSHMFSDG©IOSHFRMGPage2of4

individualtomovethroughthestructuretoanexit.• Itisnormallyapre-determined,safe,well-lighted,unobstructedsaferoute.

• Traveltimemaybeinfluencedbyblockedorobstructedpathways,poorlighting,orthefactthatthemostdirectwayoutofthebuildingmaynotbethesafestrouteduehazardousareas(whichshouldbeavoided).

Phase4:FlowTime.Thetimeittakestogetthroughanexitdoor.• Thesizeoftheexit,weatherconditions,lightingandthecalmnessofevacueesallhaveaninfluenceonflowtime.

IllustrationDGold

4.

Hereisanoverlayoftheprevioustwoslides.• Ingeneraltermsallindividualsinthebuilding,includingevacuationwardensneedtobeoutofthebuildingandinaplaceofsafetywithinTHREEMINUTES.

• However,incertainbuildings,suchasthoseconstructedoutofcombustiblematerials(suchastimberfloorsandwalls)themaximumevacuationtimeisshorter(2½minutes).

• Thekeymessagehereisthatthelongeronprocrastinates,looksforfriendsorconfirmsthatitreallyisanalarm,thehighertheriskofnotescapingfromthedangersoffire.

IllustrationDGold

5.

Weknowthat:• Familiaritywithdesignatedemergencyescaperoutescanreducetheevacuationtime.

• Evacuationmapsanddrillstrengthensthisfamiliarityandpotentiallybuildsontheself-disciplinetoimmediatelyevacuate.

Asystemoftrainedfirewardens(orevacuationwardens)isapowerfultooltogetworkerscalmlymoving.

Photocredit©Thinkstock.com

6.

Comingbacktotime,thegenerallyacceptedevacuationtimeintheUKis:evacuationofallemployeestoaplaceofsafetyinthreeminutes.

PhotocreditDGold

7.

Withintheaviationindustrythestandardforevacuationfromanaircraftis90seconds.Thisincludesthelargestcommercialaircraft,theA380.HereisavideoofaPolishLOTaircraftthathadamalfunctionofitslandinggear.Ithadtolandonitsengines,creatingaseriouspotentialforfire.Oncetheaircrafthadstopped,thecabincrewevacuatedeveryoneinlessthan90seconds.Fromtheofficialreport,“Evacuationwasinitiatedbythecabincrewimmediatelyaftertheairplanecametorestontherunway.Escapeslideswereusedforevacuation.Theywereactivatedafteropeningmaindoorsontheleftandrightsidesinfrontandbackoftheairplane.Additionalwaysofevacuationweretwowindowslocatedontheleftsideoftheairplane,overthewing.Twootherevacuationwindows,locatedontherightsideoftheairplaneoverthewing,werenotopenedandnotusedforevacuation.Allpassengersandcabincrewlefttheairplane.

Temperature

Threattolife

12 3 4 5 6

Evacuationwardens

Familiaritywithemergencyproceduresanddesignatedescaperoutes

Fullevacuation<3minutes

LOTPolishAirlinesFltLO161Nov2011

TheIOSHFireRiskManagementGroup

Seminar#1ComplacencyWhentheEvacuationAlarmisInitiatedPresentationwithSpeakerNotes

Version02:15March2017IOSHMFSDG©IOSHFRMGPage3of4

Evacuationprocedurelastedabout90seconds.ThelastpersontoevacuatewastheFirstOfficer,whoaftercheckingtheairplaneboard,leftitviatherearleftdoor.TheheadofcabincrewandtheCaptainremainedontheboarduntilfirefightersarrived.Noneofthepassengersandcrewsufferedinjuries”.Clickvideo.

8.

Hereisavideothatdemonstratesthedangerofconformityduringanevacuationwhenoneisinfluencedbyagroup.

Source:HeroicImaginationProjectwww.heroicimagination.orgStandardYouTubelicense

9.

GroupworkbasedoncasestudyPhotocredit©Istock

10.

Hereisaninformationsheetthatcanhelpstimulateworkerawarenessoftheneedforeffectiveemergencyevacuation.DistributetheinformationsheetorprovideWebDownloadreference

11.

Hereisamanagement-basedsecondinformationsheetthatsummarisesanumberofpointsyouraisedduringthegroupwork.DistributetheinformationsheetorprovideWebDownloadreference

12.

Let’ssummarise:Foraneffectiveevacuationweneedthefollowing(lackinganyofthecomponentscanbeafailurepointandcancostlives).

1. Afunctioningalarmsystem2. Knowledgeofwhattodo3. Clearunobstructedpassageways4. Asystemofaccountability

Photocredit©Thinkstock.com

DangerousConformity,2011(StandardYouTubeLicense)

Groupwork

IOSHFireSafetyInformationSheet(1)

FireSafetyInformationSheet1

Knowandpracticewhattodowhenyouhearafirealarm

Whenyouhearafirealarmimmediately:1. STOPwhatyouaredoing.2. SHUTDOWNYORMACHINEifsafetodoso.3. GOcalmlytotheexternalemergencyassemblyareabyyourprimaryexit.

Forfurtherinformationcontactyourdesignatedfireevacuationwardenoryour???atExtension????

IOSHFRMGINFOSheetMgt1V-1

FireSafetyInformationSheetMgt1

Raiseawarenessandconductregulardrillsto

combatcomplacencywhentheevacuation

alarmisactivated

Tocombatcomplacencywhentheevacuationalarmisactivated:1. Ensurethereisafunctioningalarmsystem.Ifthereisonlyonesignalitshouldalwaysbetheevacuationalarm.

2. Ensurethereisanup-to-dateemergencyactionplanthatclearlystipulatesrolesandresponsibilitiesand

actionstotakewhenthealarmisactivated.

3. Ensurethatthereareclearlymarked,unobstructedandwelllightedprimaryandsecondarydesignatedescape

routesleadingfromallareasofthepremisestoareasofsafetywhereoccupantscanbeaccountedfor.

4. Provideateachworkstationaclearevacuationmapindicatingprimaryandsecondaryescaperoutesandthe

designatedexternalassemblypoint.

5. Ensurethatthereareclearsignsindicatingescaperoutes,exitsandexternalassemblypoints.

6. Ensurethatthereisasystemtoaccountforalloccupantsatthedesignatedexternalassemblypoint.

7. Implementtrainingandeducationforalloccupantsincludinginitialinduction,regularbriefingsandregular

refreshertraining

8. Conductatleasttwoevacuationdrillsperyear,foralloccupants,includingatleastonefullevacuationperyear

fromtheworkstationtotheexternalassemblypoint.

ForfurtherinformationcontacttheIOSHFireRiskManagementGroupat

frmg@ioshnetworks.co.uk

IOSHFireSafetyManagementInformationSheet(MGT1)

SummarySummary

Passageways

Assemblypoints

TheIOSHFireRiskManagementGroup

Seminar#1ComplacencyWhentheEvacuationAlarmisInitiatedPresentationwithSpeakerNotes

Version02:15March2017IOSHMFSDG©IOSHFRMGPage4of4

13.

Thankyou

DrDavidGoldCFIOSHChairIOSHFireRiskManagementdavid.gold@gold-knecht.comwww.gold-knecht.com+41-78-748-0609Group