Post on 08-Jan-2018
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The Periodic Table of the Elements
Learning Goals
To be able to describe properties of the periodic table
The Modern Periodic Table
The periodic table is an organized arrangement of all the elements that explains and predicts their physical and chemical properties
The main information about an element includes: Atomic number Name Symbol Atomic Mass
The Modern Periodic Table
Elements are arranged according to their atomic number
When elements are arranged according to their atomic number, a pattern can be seen in which similar properties occur
Chemical Symbols
Each element has its own symbol The first letter of every chemical symbol is a capital
letter, e.g. N for nitrogen If there is a second letter, it is a lowercase letter, e.g. He
for helium Symbols are often the first or first and second letter in the
element’s name Some symbols come from the Latin name for the element
N He
Chemical SymbolsElement Name Chemical
Symbol Latin Name Meaning of Name
silver Ag argentum Latin for “silver”copper Cu cuprum Latin for “Cyprian” (metal
from the island Cyprus)iron Fe ferrum Latin for “grey”
mercury Hg hydrargyrum Latin for “liquid silver”
potassium K kaliumLatin for an Arabic word, al-qalyah, meaning “plant ashes”
sodium Na natrium Latin for “sodium”lead Pb plumbum Latin for “lead”tin Sn stannum Latin for “tin”
Trends in the Periodic Table
With a few exceptions, atomic numbers are in the same order as atomic masses
The lightest elements have the lowest atomic numbers and the heaviest elements have the highest atomic numbers
1 18
1
H He 2 13 14 15 16 17
2
Li Be B C N O F Ne
3
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
4
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
5
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
6
Cs Ba * Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
7
Fr Ra ** Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Uub Uut Uuq Uup Uuh Uus Uuo
Lightest
Heaviest
Metals and Non-Metals
The periodic table includes a staircase line separating metals from non-metals
Metals are on the left side Non-metals are on the right side Hydrogen is an exception Elements along the staircase line
are metalloids
18
He13 14 15 16 17
B C N O F Ne
Al Si P S Cl Ar
Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
1 18
1
H He 2 13 14 15 16 17
2
Li Be B C N O F Ne
3
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
4
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
5
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
6
Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Metals
Non-MetalsMetalloids
Hydrogen
Periods
The horizontal rows across the periodic table are called periods
There are 7 periods
Periods
1 18
1
H He 2 13 14 15 16 17
2
Li Be B C N O F Ne
3
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
4
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
5
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
6
Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Groups or Families
The vertical columns down the periodic table are called groups or families
Elements in the same group have many similar properties
1 18
1
H He 2 13 14 15 16 17
2
Li Be B C N O F Ne
3
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
4
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
5
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
6
Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Groups
Success Criteria
I CAN locate the periods and groups within the periodic table
To Do…
Element Names and Symbols Observing the Elements Exploring the Periodic Table Element Poster (after quiz tomorrow)