“The PIES principles are what set cooperative learning apart from other approaches to

instruction; the PIES principles are the lynchpin to successful cooperative learning.”

“If any of the PIES principles are not

implemented, we may or may not get gains. Once we understand PIES and how to implement the

principles, we are prepared to unleash the

full potential of cooperative learning.”

(Kagan, 2009)

Critical Questions• Question 1:

– Positive Correlation: Are student on the same side?

• Question 2: Interdependence: – Does the task require

working together?

Structures where Positive Interdependence is

visible.• Team-Pair-Solo• Jot Thoughts• Blind Sequencing• Jigsaw• Talking Chips

Individual Accountability

Three Components of Individual Accountability

• Individual– The performance is done

without help.

• Public– Someone witnesses the

performance.

• Required– The performance is

required.

Structures Create Individual

Accountability• Numbered Heads

Together• RallyRobin• Paraphrase Passport• Jigsaw and Co-op Co-op• Talking Chips

Ways to Create Individual Accountability

• Listening• Brainstorming• Decision-Making• Comprehension• Note-Taking• Contributions• Participation• Skill Mastery• Task Completion• Achievement

“When using cooperative teams, we ensure each

individual is held accountable for thinking, contributing, and

learning.”

Six Approaches to Equalizing Participation

• Individual Accountability• Role Assignment• Rules• Think Time• Time Allocation• Turn Taking

Six Structures that implement Equalizing

Participation

• Round Table

• Showdown

• Talking Chips

• Think-Pair-Share

• Timed Pair Share

• 4S Brainstorming

Equal Participation tells us that during pair work, one person is left out in a group of three or five, so groups of four are preferable.

Equal ParticipationCritical Question

• Is participation approximately equal?

“Those trained in the Kagan model are not satisfied with unstructured Group or Pair Discussion, in part because the Kagan model emphasizes Equal Participation.”

Critical Question• What percent of

students are overly interacting at once?

“Active engagement increases student

learning. If students are off task, they are less likely to learn. If students are only

occasionally engaged, they learn less than when

they are regularly engaged.”

Popular Structures & PIES

PIES Present in Timed Pair Share• Positive Interdependence: + The ideas of one

student enrich the thinking of the other; each must contribute.

• Individual Accountability: + Each is required to perform in front of a peer.

• Equal Participation: + Each performs for the same amount of time.

• Simultaneous Interaction: + Half the class is verbalizing ideas at any one moment.

Using a Timed Pair Share the teacher is confident that good cooperative learning has occurred as defined in the Kagan model

because the PIES principles are "built into" the structure.

(Kagan Online Magazine, Summer 2001)

Reference

• Kagan Structures and Learning Together —What is the Difference? Dr.

Spencer Kagan (Kagan Online Magazine, Summer 2001) ,

http://www.kaganonline.com/KaganClub/FreeArticles/ASK13.html

• Kagan, S., Kagan, M. (2009). Kagan cooperative learning. San Clemente, Ca:

Kagan Publishing.

• The "E" of PIES, Dr. Spencer Kagan (Kagan Online Magazine, Summer 1999)