Post on 22-Feb-2016
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The Punic WarsThe Punic Wars
Rome v. Carthage, 264-146 Rome v. Carthage, 264-146 BCBC
Carthage was a colony of the Carthage was a colony of the Phoenicians and controlled much of the Phoenicians and controlled much of the island of Sicilyisland of Sicily
Main cause of Punic Wars was Main cause of Punic Wars was competition for Mediterranean tradecompetition for Mediterranean trade
Control of SicilyControl of Sicily
Advantages Advantages Carthage Carthage RomeRome Large SizeLarge Size Huge navyHuge navy Great wealth from Great wealth from
tradetrade Mercenary armyMercenary army (paid soldiers who (paid soldiers who
might not be loyal might not be loyal to Carthage)to Carthage)
Smaller army of Smaller army of loyal citizen loyal citizen soldierssoldiers
Warfare their Warfare their specialty specialty
Recent success Recent success controlling the controlling the Italian peninsulaItalian peninsula
11stst Punic War - 264 to 241 Punic War - 264 to 241 BCBC
Fought for control of Sicily & the Fought for control of Sicily & the MediterraneanMediterranean
Most battles at sea Most battles at sea - Carthage had - Carthage had superior navysuperior navy- Rome builds a navy - Rome builds a navy by copying shipwrecked by copying shipwrecked Carthaginian warshipCarthaginian warship
Results: Rome defeats Carthage & Results: Rome defeats Carthage & receives island of Sicilyreceives island of Sicily
The Corvus (Latin for “raven” The Corvus (Latin for “raven” or “crow”)or “crow”)
Crane/plank on a Crane/plank on a Roman ship that Roman ship that turned naval battle turned naval battle into a land battleinto a land battle
22ndnd Punic War - Punic War - 218 BC218 BC Carthaginian military genius HannibalCarthaginian military genius Hannibal Led 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry, & 60 Led 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry, & 60
elephants to invade & conquer Romeelephants to invade & conquer Rome Traveled through Traveled through
Spain, France, & Spain, France, & the Alps – lost half the Alps – lost half his men, elephantshis men, elephants
Strategy was to Strategy was to convince Roman convince Roman allies to join allies to join CarthageCarthage
22ndnd Punic War (Cont.) Punic War (Cont.) For 10 years, battled up and down the Italian For 10 years, battled up and down the Italian
peninsulapeninsula- Hannibal & his men lived off the land & by - Hannibal & his men lived off the land & by stealingstealing- Never able to capture Rome- Never able to capture Rome
Battle of CannaeBattle of Cannae
22ndnd Punic War (cont.) Punic War (cont.) Scipio – Roman general against HannibalScipio – Roman general against Hannibal
- Planned to invade Carthage to force - Planned to invade Carthage to force Hannibal to leave Italy & return to N. Hannibal to leave Italy & return to N. AfricaAfrica
Defeated Defeated Hannibal Hannibal in 202 BC – in 202 BC – Battle of Battle of ZamaZama
Battle of ZamaBattle of Zama
Hannibal and Scipio meet before the battle
Scipio Africanus
Hannibal
3rd Punic War: 149 to 146 3rd Punic War: 149 to 146 BCBC Cato “the Elder” of Rome – “Carthage should Cato “the Elder” of Rome – “Carthage should
be destroyed!”be destroyed!” Rome invades Carthage as revenge for Rome invades Carthage as revenge for
Hannibal’s invasion of ItalyHannibal’s invasion of Italy Carthage is seized & burned – 50,000 Carthage is seized & burned – 50,000
inhabitants are sold into slaveryinhabitants are sold into slavery
Rome dominates Mediterranean by 70 Rome dominates Mediterranean by 70 BCBC
East – conquered Macedonia, Greece, & East – conquered Macedonia, Greece, & AnatoliaAnatolia
West – as far as SpainWest – as far as Spain Republic dominates the . . . “known Republic dominates the . . . “known
world”world”