The Respiration and the Problems of Respiratory System

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The Respiration & Problems

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

THE RESPIRATION

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

THE RESPIRATION

WHAT IS RESPIRATON?-The process of breathing goes on automatically throughout

life whether we will not.

-is defined as the transport of oxygen from the

outside air to the cells with in tissues ,and the transport of

carbon dioxide in the opposite direction

THE REPIRATION AND THE ORGANS

It involve the movement of the Diaphragm and chest.

The inflow of air through the Nostrils or Mouth.

Pharynx

• Contains the windpipe or the tranche and the food pipe or esophagus

• The epiglottis prevents the food from entering the tranchea

Bronchi

• Trachea has two tubes called bronchi

• The Bronchi are two air tubesthatbranch off of the trachea and carry air directly into the lungs

Alveoli

• it permit the exchange of gases,O and CO2

• it provide a surface area of about 1,000 sqrft

INHALATION

EXHALATION

OUR ACTIVITIES AND THE REPIRATION

Sighing

Yawning

Hiccoughing

Coughing

Sneezing

Laughing & Crying

-Sighing

a long,deep inspirationfollowed by a short ,

large expiration

-Yawning

The entrance of the air to the open mouth instead through the nose.

-Hiccoughing

It is caused by the contractions of the Diaphragm.It is the sudden movement of the

Diaphragm.

-Coughing

It is s full inspiration followed by rapid expiration,oftenviolent.

-Sneezing

which smilar to coughing,except that the expelled air is sent through the nose.

-Laughing & Crying

It is are psysiologically much alike,and often pass into one another under emotional

Stress.

RESPIRATORY PROBLEMSThe Respiratory System

Repiratory Problems

Respiratory Problems-When a respiratory tract is infected with disease,itwill affect one’s health.Lungs are always affected by these diseases.

•Influenza (Flu) •Emphysema•Chronic Bronchitis •Tuberculosis(TB) •Cystic Fibrosis •Lung Cancer

•Asthma •Pneumonia

Respiratory Problems

INFLUENZA (Flu)

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Influenza, commonly known as "the flu", is an infectious disease of birds

and mammals caused by RNA virusesof the familyOrthomyxoviridae, the

influenza viruses.

Influenza (Flu) •CAUSES -RNA viruses and different strains of the influenza virus that have the ability to mutate into different forms.The infection is transmitted by inhaling a repiratory droplets,or by direct contact,such as dringking from a contaminated glass.•SYMPTOMS-Fever (usually 100’F to 103’F in adults and often even higher in children),chills,respiratory symptoms such as cough (more often in adults,runny or stuffy nose(specially in children),head and muscle aches,fatigue,nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea.•TREATMENT / MEDICATION-Influenza vaccine,bed rest,drink extra fluids,at least one glass of water/juice every hour,drugs like Acetaminophen/Ibuprofen can relieve head and muscle aches.

EMPHYSEMALong-term exposure to these

irritants causes an inflammatory response in the lungs resulting in

narrowing of the small airways and breakdown of lung tissue

known as emphysema.

Emphysema•CAUSES -Smoking which causes inflammation of the cells in the lungs due to the swelling within the bronchioles and activation of enzymes called proteases,which attack and destroy the alveolar wall structures.•SYMPTOMS-Shortness of breath and wheezing.•TREATMENT / MEDICATION-Stop smoking

CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

Tobacco smoking is the most common cause of COPD, with a number of other factors such as

air pollution and genetics playing a smaller role.

Chronic Bronchitis•CAUSES -Cigarette smoking and bonchial irritants,usually inhaled repeatedly by the affected person.•SYMPTOMS-Hacking cough,yellow,white,or green phlegm,usuallyappearing 24-48 hours after cough,fever,chills,sorenessand tightness in chest,some pain below breastbone during deep breathing,some shortness of breath.•TREATMENT / MEDICATION-Quit cigarrete smoking and avoid air borne bronchial irritants;medical treatments includes bronchodilators,steroids,and oxygen theraphy.

TUBERCULOSIS (TB)

in the past also called phthisis, phthisis pulmonalis, or consumption,

is a widespread, and in many cases fatal, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria,

usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB)•CAUSES -Mycobacterium tuberculosis,slow-growing bacteria,thatthrive in areas,of the body that are rich in blood and oxygen,such as the lungs,HIV infection,low socioeconomic status,alcoholism,homelessness,crowded living condition, diseases that weaken the immune system,migration with a high number of cases.•SYMPTOMS-A cough that brings up thick,cloudy,and sometimes bloody mucus from the lungs (called Sputum) for more than 2 weeks. -Tiredness and weight loss-Night sweats and a fever-A rapid heartbeat

-Swelling in the neck (when lymph nodes in the neck are infected) ,-Shortness of breath and chest pain (in rare cases)-Swelling in the neck (when lymph nodes in the neck are infected) – Shortness of breath and chest pain (in rare cases)•TREATMENT / MEDICATION-Antibiotic. -Continuous theraphy about 6-9 months. -They may include rifampin,isoniazad (INH),ethambutol, pyrazynmide,and other anti-tuberculosis drugs.You will need to take them for at least 6 months.

CYSTIC FIBROSIS

also known as mucoviscidosis, is an autosomal recessive genetic disorderthat affects mostly the lungs but also

the pancreas, liver, and intestine. Difficulty breathing is the most

serious symptom and results from frequent lung infections.

Cystic Fibrosis•CAUSES -A defect in CFTR gene,a gene that makes protein which controls the movement of water and salt in the cells.Thesticky mucus blocks the air way in the lungs.•SYMPTOMS-Has a sticky mucus and salty sweat.-Persistent cough that produces phlegm.-Lung infections cause by bacteria.-Sinusitis,bronchitis,or pneumonia.-Shortness of breath and wheezing.-Growths in the nose (nasal polips). -Poor weight gain ang grow.-Persistent diarrhea,or bulcky fool-smelling,and greasy stool.

-Pancreatitis.a painful inflamation of the pancreas-Liver Disease . -Diabetes.

-Gallstones•TREATMENT / MEDICATION-Antibiotics (oral antibiotics),inhaled intibiotics,intravenous,and azithromycin.-Exercise -Chest physical therapy also called chest clapping or percussion.

LUNG CANCERalso known as carcinoma of the lung or pulmonary carcinoma, is a malignant

lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. If left untreated, this growth can spread beyond the lung by process

of metastasis into nearby tissue or other parts of the body.

Lung Cancer•CAUSES -Abnormalities in the cells that line in the bronchi due to smoking•SYMPTOMS-Chest pain,-Cough that doesn’t go away.-Coughing up blood.-Fatigue.-Losing weight without trying.-Loss of appetite.-Shortness of breath.-Wheezing

.-Bone pain or tenderness. -Eyelid drooping.-Facial parlysis.-Hoarseness/changing voice. -Joint pain.-Nail problems. -Shoulder pain.-Swallowing difficulty.-Swelling of the face or arms. -Weakness.•TREATMENT / MEDICATION-Surgery-Chemotheraphy abd radiation thrapy.

ASTHMAis a common chronic

inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by

variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow

obstruction and bronchospasm.

Asthma•CAUSES -Exposure to tobacco smsmoke,polluted air,irritants such as perfume and cleaning products.-Allergens such as molds,dust and and animal dander-Exposure to cold,dry weather. -Stress -Exersice or physical exertion -Abrupt changes in the weather -Lack of Exercise.•Symptoms -Frequent cough,especially at night -Losing your breath -Feeling very tired or weak when exercising.

•Symptoms -Wheezing or coughing after exercise -Sneezy,runny nose,cough,nasal congestion,sore throat,and headache -Trouble in sleeping •Treatment / Medication-Live an active,normal life -Anti-inflammatories-Bronchodilators

PNEUMONIA

is an inflammatorycondition of the lung

affecting primarily the microscopic air sacs

known as alveoli.

Pneumonia•CAUSES -Bacteria,virus,or fungi living in the nose,sinuses,ormouth may spread to the lungs. -Breathing some of these germs directly into the lungs. -Breathing in (inhale) food,liquids,vomit or fluids from the mouth into the lungs.•Symptoms -Cough,in some cases may be greenish or yellow mucus,or even bloody mucus. -Fever,which may be high or mild -Shaking chills -Shortness of breath -Confusion,especially in older people.

-Excess sweating and clammy skin -Headache -Loss of apetite,low energy,and fatigue•Symptoms -Fluids and antibiotics in your veins -Oxygen therapy -Breathing treatments (possibly) -Antibiotics help some people with pneumonia get better.-Take the medicine until it’s gone,even if you start to feel better-Do not take cough medicine or cold medicine unless your doctor prescribe it. -Breathing warm moist air helps loosen the sticky mucus that may make you feel like you are choking-Place a warm,wet wash cloth loosely over your nose and mouth-Fill a humidifier with warm water and breath in the warm mist

-Take a couple of deep breathas 2 or 3 times every hour.Tap your chest gently a few times a day and lie with your chest. -Drink water,juice,or weak tea at least 6 – 10 cups a day -Do not drink alcohol Get plenty rest.

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The Respiration and the Problems of Respiratory System

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