The science and art of transcription

Sheryl L. Chatfield, M.S., CTRSslchatfi@olemiss.edu

http://scresearchjournal.weebly.com/

Nova Southeastern University

In 20 minutes (or less)

Personal experience

******Three Key Ideas******

Additional considerations

Recommended resources

Why transcription?

Limitation: focus mostly on ‘surface semantic content’

My experiencesThe distant pastThe recent pastThe present

-Dresing, Pehl, & Schmieder, 2012

Three ideas

Acceptance

Investment

Growth

AcceptanceChallenges

Difficult decisions

Limitations

…..also

Advantages“closeness” to the dataImproving interviewing or moderating skills

-Oliver, Serovich and Mason (2005); Skukauskaite, 2012

InvestmentHardware

Computer with typist friendly keyboardOther equipment

Optional equipment

Three button Infinity by VECUSB transcription foot pedal

Investment

SoftwareImproving file quality

Zamzar; Audacity; WavepadTranscribing

ExpressScribe; f4, f5; Hypertranscribe; Transana

Other utilitiesScreenflowA few words on voice recognition

Zamzar file conversions

Audacity

WavePad

Express Scribe (free version) for Windows

Express Scribe for Mac

F4 (Windows)

F5 for Mac

HyperTranscribe

Transana

Screenflow controls

Screenflow Editing

Voice recognition

(the big) Investment…

Time!

Growth: Expanding expression and presentation

“Director’s cut”

Found poetry

Narrative or storytelling

Visual presentations: graphic novels and animations

Dramatic expression

Multimodal transcription

-McCormick, 2000a, 2000b, 2004; Norris, 2006)

Using Audacity to insert spaces, add additional tracks, and overdub comments

The process of creating ‘found data’ poetry

Interview transcript reinterpreted asa two-voice narrative; see McCormack, 2000b in the reference list

Using Comic Life 3To illustrate aFocus group

Note: this interpretationis based on a simulatedfocus group

Animation with Go Animate

The link below goes to an instructional video; the same method could be used to re-present your transcript:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQKVITAMnVU

(For more adventures of qualitative ninja girl, go to:

http://scresearchjournal.weebly.com/

And click on the tabs for QNG

The transcript as “script”

Norris, 2004

The multimodal transcript:

Gesture; gaze; proximics; posture; facial expressions; objects

Considerations

Do you need to do it all?

Do you need to do it at all?

Goals of research

Expected and hoped for audience

-Halcomb & Davidson, 2006; Markle, West, & Rich, 2011

References and resources

Cahnmann-Taylor, M., Wooten, J., Souto-Manning, M., Dice, J.L. (2009) The art and science of educational inquiry: Analysis of performance-based focus groups with novice bilingual teachers. Teachers College Record, 111(11), 2535-2599.

Davidson, C. (2009). Transcription: Imperatives for qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(2). Retrieved from http://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/IJQM/article/view/4205

Dresing, T., Pehl, T., & Schmieder, C. (2012). Manual (on) transcription: Transcription conventions, software guides and practical hints for qualitative researchers (2nd English ed.). Marburg, Germany: The authors. Retrieved at http://www.audiotranskription.de/english/transcription-practicalguide.htm.

Halcomb, E. J. & Davidson, P.M. (2006). Is verbatim transcription of interview data always necessary? Applied Nursing Research, 19, 38-42. Doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2005.06.001

Jenks, C.J. (2011) Transcribing talk and interaction: Issues in the representation of communication data. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins.

Markle, D.T., West, R.E., & Rich, P.J. (2011) Beyond transcription: Technology, change and refinement of method. Forum: Qualitative Sozialforschung/ Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 12(3) Art 21. Retreived from http://nbn-resolving/de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1103216.

References and resources

McCormack, C. (2000a). From transcript to interpretive story: Part 1- viewing the transcript through multiple lenses. Field Methods, 12(4), 282-297. Doi: 10.1177/1525822X0001200402.

McCormack, C. (2000b). From transcript to interpretive story: Part 2- developing an interpretive story. Field Methods, 12(4), 298-315. Doi: 10.1177/1525822X0001200403.

McCormack, C. (2004). Storying stories:A narrative approach to in-depth interview conversations. International Journal of Social Research Methodology 7(3), 219-236.

Norris, S. (2004) Analyzing multimodal interaction: A methodological framework. New York, NY: Routledge.

Oliver, D.G., Serovich, J.M., & Mason, T.L. (2005). Constraints and opportunities with interview transcription: Toward reflection in qualitative research. Social Forces, 84(2), 1273-1289. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1400594/

Saldaña, J. (2011). Fundamentals of qualitative research. New York, NY: Oxford.

Skukauskait, A. (2012). Transparency in transcribing: Making visible theoretical bases impacting knowledge construction from open-ended interview records. Forum: Qualitative Sozialforschung/ Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 13(1) Art 14. Retreived from http://nbn-resolving/de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1201146.

References and resources

Audacity: Free audio editor and recorder. Audacity.sourceforge.net Comic life 3 (import photos to comic strip templates) (Mac or iOS). Plasq products. Plasq.com/products/comiclife3 or Mac App store Express Scribe, (transcription software) Wavepad (audio editing software) NCH Software. www.nchsoftware.com F4 (transcription software for windows). F5 (free transcription software for mac) www.audiotranskription.de/english/downloads-en.html Go animate (animation software) goanimate.com Hypertranscribe (transcription software). www.researchware.com/products/hypertranscribe.html Screenflow (computer screen recording software) (Mac only). Telestream. www.telestream.net/screenflo/overview.htm or Mac app store Transana (video analysis software with transcription capabilities and some CA support). www.transana.org Zamzar (free file conversions) www.zamzar.com