Thinking Thinking ExternallyExternally to to

Solutions for the Solutions for the Underdevelopment Underdevelopment

of Developing of Developing NationsNationsToday’s Topics: Today’s Topics: ““The Third Way”The Third Way”

International PoliticsInternational PoliticsUnited Nations: Human RightsUnited Nations: Human Rights

Typology of the PoorTypology of the Poor

PassivePassive SurvivingSurviving PoliticalPolitical Resisting – SOCIAL MOVEMENTSResisting – SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

Third WayThird Way

Interest GroupsInterest Groups

Focused on:Focused on: Single issueSingle issue Issues that affect only their membersIssues that affect only their members Issues that affect the general public Issues that affect the general public

E.g.?E.g.?

Interest group = lobby Interest group = lobby group = pressure groupgroup = pressure group

Local, national, internationalLocal, national, international

Business, cultural, educational, Business, cultural, educational, environmentalenvironmental

Role of media (reading)Role of media (reading)

Social MovementsSocial Movements

Informal networks of groups and Informal networks of groups and individuals with shared values and individuals with shared values and identity identity LocalLocal GrassrootsGrassroots

NGONGO

Arts (2003) defines non-Arts (2003) defines non-governmental organizations are non-governmental organizations are non-profit, non-violent, organized group profit, non-violent, organized group of people who are not established by of people who are not established by governments and not seeking governments and not seeking government office government office

NGOsNGOs

Think Globally, Act LocallyThink Globally, Act Locally

OR: Think and Act Globally as well OR: Think and Act Globally as well as Locallyas Locally

NGOs are truly a part of the NSMs NGOs are truly a part of the NSMs that reframe local or national issues that reframe local or national issues into global ones into global ones

80s/90s: Explosions of 80s/90s: Explosions of NGOsNGOs

Why?Why?

What would Antrobus say?What would Antrobus say?

foreign donors’ direct funding foreign donors’ direct funding

Yet Another Typology Yet Another Typology

CompliantCompliant

Independent-thinkingIndependent-thinking

Townsend, 2004, 873Townsend, 2004, 873

Compliant Compliant

Comprises of the majority of NGOs Comprises of the majority of NGOs Priority is organizational existence Priority is organizational existence

and survivaland survival Arose as a response from the Arose as a response from the

original explosion of the fundingoriginal explosion of the funding No desire to question development No desire to question development

agendas or articulate alternative agendas or articulate alternative radical or reformist visionsradical or reformist visions

Independent-ThinkingIndependent-Thinking

More concerned with and motivated More concerned with and motivated by making a positive changeby making a positive change

Their concern with organizational Their concern with organizational survival is more a means to an end survival is more a means to an end rather than the end itselfrather than the end itself

Find ways to carve out new and Find ways to carve out new and different visions and spacesdifferent visions and spaces

Typology of NGOs: Why?Typology of NGOs: Why?

Critiques the mainstream characteristics Critiques the mainstream characteristics and questions whether compliant NGOs and questions whether compliant NGOs are even making a significant long term are even making a significant long term difference. difference.

Advocates the necessity for more Advocates the necessity for more independent-thinking NGOsindependent-thinking NGOs

Most importantly, critiques NGOs as Most importantly, critiques NGOs as being simply “an arm of the government”being simply “an arm of the government”

NGOs & State NGOs & State SovereigntySovereignty

Rourke’s Taking SidesRourke’s Taking Sides

If not the state,If not the state,if not the market, if not the market,

if not the “Third Way”if not the “Third Way”

… then who?… then who?

HomeworkHomework Pg. 234 – 238: The Role Pg. 234 – 238: The Role

of Media of Media

Check out:Check out: msjeelani.wordpress.com msjeelani.wordpress.com

Projects due: April 16Projects due: April 16 absolute deadlineabsolute deadline

Test: April 21Test: April 21 Review: MondayReview: Monday