Post on 31-Mar-2015
transcript
WITH LIGHTING AND A WHOLE LOT OF MONEY ONE CAN TRULY DEFY GRAVITY
This presentation is adapted from a PowerPoint presentation
by
Spike Wilson
Theatre artist at Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana
STAGE LIGHTING
INSTRUMENTS
Parts, Maintenance, Safety, and Use
Learning Goals
1. Learn the exterior and interior parts of a stage lighting instrument.
2. Use the instrument as a learning tool: learn the practical and artistic uses of stage lighting.
3. Use the instrument as a learning tool: learn what trades and fields of study go into the creation and use of stage instruments.
4. Have a general concept of a) how the instrument works, b) how to maintain the instrument, and c) general safety measures for the instrument.
This presentation is only the beginning
of your learning process.
Review of the PowerPoint and application in the lab
make up the rest of your learning process!
Lighting Lingo
Stage lights are called “instruments.” The bulbs in instruments are called
“lamps.” Putting an instrument up on the grid is
called “hanging.” A “circuit” is an outlet in the wall. Plugging in the instrument to a circuit is
called “patching.” Pointing an instrument in the appropriate
direction, and adjusting the beam width and shape, are called “focusing.”
Parts of an Instrument
To understand the parts of a lighting instrument, we will look at one of the most common examples…
… an ETC Source Four ERS 750 (36˚).
The “Lekko”
Parts of an Instrument
ETC Par Four 750 (36˚) means…
ETC = Electronic Theatre Controls ®
ERS = Ellipsoidal Reflector Spotlight
750 = Maximum Wattage Rating (750 watts)We use 500 watt bulbs at the
Emerson!36˚ = Field Angle
ETC Source Four
Ellipsoidal Reflector Spot
ERS 750(36˚)
C-Clamp (Pipe Clamp)
Yoke
Lamp Housing
Power Cable (Pigtail)
Shutter Handle
Gel Frame Holder
Grand Stage Pin (GSP)
Instrument Barrel
(Lens Tube inside)
ReflectorHousing
Now that you are acquainted with the parts of a stage lighting instrument, let’s see what different trades and fields of study go into its construction.
Physics & Machining
Physics, Machining,
& Industrial Tech
Electrical Engineering
Electrics & Energy Tech
Visual Art, Color Theory, & OpticsElectrical
Engineering & Energy Tech
Machining & Industrial Tech
HVAC
In other words…
There’s a lot of “tech” in theatre technology.
Close-up of
Stage Pin Edison
Most professional theaters! The Emerson’s as well as your home
Close-up of Lamp Housing (Rear View)
Secures Lamp
Housing
Adjusts Angle & Position of Lamp (Bulb) within Housing
Close-up of Barrel and Gel Frame Holder
SLIDER HANDLE:Adjusts edges of light “throw”
GEL CLIP: Secures Gel Frame and Color Gel
BEAM FOCUSKNOB:Adjusts sharpness of light edge
GEL FRAMEHOLDER: Holds Gel Frame and Color Gel in place
Interior of Lamp Housing
Interior of Lamp Housing
Interior of Lamp Housing
Lamp Clip
Pigtail
Bolt secures lamp housing
Lamp(Bulb)
Lamp (Never Touch Glass)
LAMP Specs
• Watts: 750 Volts: 77-115
• Amperage: 6.52
• 300 “life hours” (total hours of use at full intensity)• Lumens: 23,000
• Total length: 4 - 4.170 inches.
• Glass Shape: T
• Diameter of glass: 0.75 inches
• Base: G9.5 Heatsink (two pin)
• Filament Type: 4C8 (Tungsten)
• Gas around filament: Halogen
• Price (2013): about $34 to $45
Reflector Housing(exterior without lamp housing)
C-Clamp
Twisthandlecontrolsyokeposition.
Yoke
Rear of Instrument(interior without lamp housing)
Glass portion of lamp (bulb) fits through here.
Since a lamp (bulb) shines in all directions, the reflector redirects the light through the barrel and out the front of the instrument.
Shutter Operation
shutters in “pulled”
positionShape of light on flat surface
= =
=“shuttered”
light = Shape of light on flat surface
Lens Tube and Inner Lens(from rear)
Interior of Lens Tube (with Inner and Outer Lenses)
Inner Lens
OuterLens
Gel Frame Holder
FRONTOF
BARREL
Instrument Components
Instrument Components
How Light Travels through the ERS Lighting Instrument
Yellow lines with arrows = beams of light originating from lamp.
Glass portion of LAMP
REFLECTOR
Small Plano Convex LENS
Large PlanoConvex LENS
Wall of lens tube: both sides are black-painted metal (to reduce reflectivity)
Wall of lens tube: both sides are black-painted metal (to reduce reflectivity)
Cleaning Instrument Exterior
This is as simple as using canned air or a dry, soft
washcloth!
Cleaning Instrument Interior (Metal Parts)
This is (also) as simple as using canned air or a dry,
soft washcloth!
General Safety Precautions1) Follow general electricity precautions (e.g., never touch anything
electrical with wet hands).
2) Heat-resistant gloves are recommended. Even the exterior of an instrument becomes very hot within a few minutes!
3) NEVER look directly into the lens of the light when less than 5 feet from it.
4) NEVER look directly at a lamp that is on but not in the lamp housing!
5) Violation of rules 3 and 4 can cause permanent damage to the retinas of your eyes.
6) BEFORE you take both hands off the instrument, ALWAYS make sure a) the pipe clamp is fully tightened, andb) the safety cable is attached to both the instrument and the pipe or
batten.
7) Always tie your wrench to your belt loop with theatrical tie-line.
The Instrument in Action
Example of silhouette (back) lighting.
Example of multidirectional, Overhead (top) lighting.
What can Stage Lighting do?
PRACTICAL USES Indicate and separate locations. Hide or reveal people
and objects. Show passage of time, time of day, season, beginning/end
of scene or play. Project shadows. Create colors and shapes on surfaces.
ARTISTIC USES Establish mood. Highlight aspects of plot. Indicate a character’s emotional state. Establish the “Fourth Wall” (division between the plot’s
world and audience’s world).
Mood Lighting Effect: Foreboding
Production: Pittsburgh Repertory Theatre’s Nocturnal Wanderer by Gao Xingjian. Director: Paul “Spike” Wilson. Lighting Designer: Peter Fedyshin. Photo by: Heather Garmin
Lighting Effect: Plot Highlight(an abandoned shoe)
Lighting Effects
+ +Sourc
e4
Gobo Holder
Gobo
=
Seasonal Lighting Effect: Winter
Photo owned by Real Sound and Vision, Inc. Fair Use applies.
Lighting Lab See Effects of
Top LightFront LightBack Light
Hi Sides LightFootlightSpecials
The ERF Ellipsoidal Reflector Flood (aka Fresnel)
The InsidesThe
Reflector
The Lens
TheEllipsoidalLensThe
Fresnel Lens
Eliminates Wasteful Glass
To Fresnel or not to Fresnel
Pros
CheapLightweightSoft Edges
Cons
Hard To FocusLimited to wash
Very Hot
UsesBacklightFill Light
The Parcan
Basically a can with a Spotlight
Cheap Concert Lighting
Other Popular Instruments
R40 Strip Lights
3 circuits
Scoop
The inky Follow spot
Lighting Lab
Hang and circuit an ERS, ERF, and Par can into the grid
Compare and Contrast the Instruments