Post on 24-Apr-2015
transcript
Knowledge Issues
The Good, the Bad and The Ugly
Good KI
An open question, explicitly about Knowledge.
Couched in terms of relations between concepts from AoK, WoK and belief, certainty, culture, evidence, experience, explanation, interpretation, intuition, justification, truth, values.
OK KI
An open question, explicitly about Knowledge.
Poor KI
A closed question, implicitly about Knowledge
Not a KI
A statement or a closed question, about a subject specific issue rather than about Knowledge per se
To what extent can human sciences use mathematical techniques to make accurate predictions?
How can we use models to predict crime waves?
Will police crime predictions turn out to be correct?
How can we prevent crime?
Good KI
An open question, explicitly about Knowledge.
Couched in terms of relations between concepts from AoK, WoK and belief, certainty, culture, evidence, experience, explanation, interpretation, intuition, justification, truth, values.
OK KI
An open question, explicitly about Knowledge.
Poor KI
A closed question, implicitly about Knowledge
Not a KI
A statement or a closed question, about a subject specific issue rather than about Knowledge per se
Should we believe paranormal claims?
Does the paranormal exist?
The Sixth Sense
?
Good KI
An open question, explicitly about Knowledge.
Couched in terms of relations between concepts from AoK, WoK and belief, certainty, culture, evidence, experience, explanation, interpretation, intuition, justification, truth, values.
OK KI
An open question, explicitly about Knowledge.
Poor KI
A closed question, implicitly about Knowledge
Not a KI
A statement or a closed question, about a subject specific issue rather than about Knowledge per se
Why is Utilitarianism appealing?
Utilitarianism
?
?
Good KI
An open question, explicitly about Knowledge.
Couched in terms of relations between concepts from AoK, WoK and belief, certainty, culture, evidence, experience, explanation, interpretation, intuition, justification, truth, values.
OK KI
An open question, explicitly about Knowledge.
Poor KI
A closed question, implicitly about Knowledge
Not a KI
A statement or a closed question, about a subject specific issue rather than about Knowledge per se
Is swine flu likely to kill millions?
What do we mean by an‘epidemic’?
?
?
Good KI
An open question, explicitly about Knowledge.
Couched in terms of relations between concepts from AoK, WoK and belief, certainty, culture, evidence, experience, explanation, interpretation, intuition, justification, truth, values..
OK KI
An open question, explicitly about Knowledge.
Poor KI
A closed question, implicitly about Knowledge
Not a KI
A statement or a closed question, about a subject specific issue rather than about Knowledge per se
?
?
The credit crisis
?
Good KI
An open question, explicitly about Knowledge.
Couched in terms of relations between concepts from AoK, WoK and belief, certainty, culture, evidence, experience, explanation, interpretation, intuition, justification, truth, values.
OK KI
An open question, explicitly about Knowledge.
Poor KI
A closed question, implicitly about Knowledge
Not a KI
A statement or a closed question, about a subject specific issue rather than about Knowledge per se
Your own ideas?
Good Knowledge Issues are:
• Open questions explicitly about Knowledge per se and not about subject-specific claims
• Couched in terms of relations between concepts from AoK, WoK and belief, certainty, culture, evidence, experience, explanation, interpretation, intuition, justification, truth, values.
Real-Life Situation
Knowledge Issue(recognized)
extraction
Theory of Knowledge: Presentation Structure
Real-Life Situation
Knowledge Issue(recognized)
Knowledge Issue(s)(developed)
extraction
progression
Theory of Knowledge: Presentation Structure
Real-Life Situation
Knowledge Issue(recognized)
Knowledge Issue(s)(developed)
extraction
progression
Theory of Knowledge: Presentation Structure
application
Real-Life Situation
Other Real-LifeSituation
Other Real-LifeSituation
Knowledge Issue(recognized)
Knowledge Issue(s)(developed)
extraction
progression
application
Theory of Knowledge: Presentation Structure
Example 1
Conspiracy Theories
What are the strengths and weaknesses of this structure?
Why do conspiracytheories exist?
Conspiracy
Da VinciCode
Why do conspiracytheories exist?
People believewhat’s
most appealing
Conspiracy
DifferentInterpretations ofthe same facts
Biases affectingconclusions
drawn
Da VinciCode
Why do conspiracytheories exist?
People believewhat’s
most appealing
Conspiracy
DifferentInterpretations ofthe same facts
Biases affectingconclusions
drawn
Death ofBenazir Bhutto
Death of JFKDa Vinci
Code
Example 2
Limits of Science
What are the strengths and weaknesses of this structure?
How far is sciencelimited in finding
out the truth about reality?
Documentary onthe Large
Hadron Collider
Limits of Science
Documentary onthe Large
Hadron Collider
Limits of Science
Definitions ofscience
Definition ofreality
Nature ofscientificmethod
How far is sciencelimited in finding
out the truth about reality?
Documentary onthe Large
Hadron Collider
Limits of Science
Definitions ofscience
Definition ofreality
Nature ofscientificmethod
Role oftechnology in
science
Limits of humansensory perception
Colourillusions
Problems ofinductive reasoning
Differencesbetween ‘how’ and ‘why’
questions
Incompatibilitybetween scientificand moral claims
Situations notamenable to experimentation
Astronomy
How far is sciencelimited in finding
out the truth about reality?
Documentary onthe Large
Hadron Collider
Limits of Science
Definitions ofscience
Definition ofreality
Nature ofscientificmethod
Role oftechnology in
science
Limits of humansensory perception
Colourillusions
Problems ofinductive reasoning
Differencesbetween ‘how’ and ‘why’
questions
Incompatibilitybetween scientificand moral claims
Situations notamenable to experimentation
Astronomy
Historythe past is
beyond our grasp
MathematicsAxioms must betaken for granted
Human sciencesHuman behaviouris unpredictable
Gödel’stheorem
How far is sciencelimited in finding
out the truth about reality?
Documentary onthe Large
Hadron Collider
Limits of Science
Definitions ofscience
Definition ofreality
Nature ofscientificmethod
Role oftechnology in
science
Limits of humansensory perception
Colourillusions
Problems ofinductive reasoning
Differencesbetween ‘how’ and ‘why’
questions
Incompatibilitybetween scientificand moral claims
Situations notamenable to experimentation
Astronomy
Historythe past is
beyond our grasp
MathematicsAxioms must betaken for granted
Human sciencesHuman behaviouris unpredictable
Gödel’stheorem
Successesof science?
MedicineHIV treatment
How far is sciencelimited in finding
out the truth about reality?
Documentary onthe Large
Hadron Collider
Limits of Science
Definitions ofscience
Definition ofreality
Nature ofscientificmethod
Role oftechnology in
science
Limits of humansensory perception
Colourillusions
Problems ofinductive reasoning
Differencesbetween ‘how’ and ‘why’
questions
Incompatibilitybetween scientificand moral claims
Situations notamenable to experimentation
Astronomy
Historythe past is
beyond our grasp
MathematicsAxioms must betaken for granted
Human sciencesHuman behaviouris unpredictable
Gödel’stheorem
Successesof science?
MedicineHIV treatment
How far is sciencelimited in finding
out the truth about reality?
Example 3
Claims in History
What are the strengths and weaknesses of this structure?
PresidentAhmedinejad’sdenial of the
Jewish Holocaust
Claims in History
Descriptionof Holocaust
Auschwitz
Under whatcircumstances can a
historical claim beconsidered valid?
PresidentAhmedinejad’sdenial of the
Jewish Holocaust
Claims in History
Descriptionof Holocaust
Auschwitz
Under whatcircumstances can a
historical claim beconsidered certain?
PresidentAhmedinejad’sdenial of the
Jewish Holocaust
Claims in History
Explanation ofthe concept of
validity in relationto historical evidence
Why should we careabout historical truth?
Importance of historyUnderstanding the present
Predicting the futureKnowing identity
Role of bias andInterpretation in history:
emotion, culture, etc.
Other problems:gaps, language issues,
past interpreted in termsof present, etc.
Is there aTrue history?
Descriptionof Holocaust
Auschwitz
Under whatcircumstances can a
historical claim beconsidered valid?
PresidentAhmedinejad’sdenial of the
Jewish Holocaust
Claims in History
Explanation ofthe concept of
validity in relationto historical evidence
Why should we careabout historical truth?
Importance of historyUnderstanding the present
Predicting the futureKnowing identity
Wall Street crash
Role of bias andInterpretation in history:
emotion, culture, etc.
Other problems:gaps, language issues,
past interpreted in termsof present, etc.
Phlogiston
“Witchhunt” ofcommunists in USA
Is there aTrue history?
Descriptionof Holocaust
Auschwitz
Under whatcircumstances can a
historical claim beconsidered valid?
PresidentAhmedinejad’sdenial of the
Jewish Holocaust
Claims in History
Explanation ofthe concept of
validity in relationto historical evidence
Why should we careabout historical truth?
Importance of historyUnderstanding the present
Predicting the futureKnowing identity
Role of bias andInterpretation in history:
emotion, culture, etc.
Other problems:gaps, language issues,
past interpreted in termsof present, etc.
Phlogiston
“Witchhunt” ofcommunists in USA
Is there aTrue history?
Wall Street crash
Descriptionof Holocaust
Auschwitz
Validity of claims inMathematics and
Science…
Validity of claims in Art…
Validity of claims in Ethics…
Under whatcircumstances can a
historical claim beconsidered valid?
PresidentAhmedinejad’sdenial of the
Jewish Holocaust
Claims in History
Explanation ofthe concept of
validity in relationto historical evidence
Why should we careabout historical truth?
Importance of historyUnderstanding the present
Predicting the futureKnowing identity
Role of bias andInterpretation in history:
emotion, culture, etc.
Other problems:gaps, language issues,
past interpreted in termsof present, etc.
Phlogiston
“Witchhunt” ofcommunists in USA
Is there aTrue history?
Validity of claims inMathematics and
Science…
Validity of claims in Art…
Validity of claims in Ethics…
Wall Street crash
Descriptionof Holocaust
Auschwitz ???