TOOTHPASTE

BY:

HRUDI SUNDAR SAHOO

IVth YEAR BDS

Contents

• Definition• Purposes• Ingredients• Types of toothpaste• How to choose a toothpaste?• Toxic components of a toothpaste• Caution on toothpaste usage

Definition

• A toothpaste or dentifrice is a substance used with a toothbrush for the purpose of cleaning the accessible surfaces of the teeth.

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Purposes

• Cleaning• Polishing• Removal of stains• Reduce incidence of tooth decay• Reduction of oral malodors

Toothpaste IngredientsAbrasives 20%-

40%Solid, insoluble particlesCausing abrasionRemove debris and residual stain from teeth

Aluminium oxideCalcium pyrophosphateCarbonates like sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonateSilica

Binders 2% To provide consistency and shape.

Polymers like Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)Alginate Gums

Humectants 20%-40%

Used in toothpaste to prevent loss of water and subsequent hardening of the product upon exposure to air.

GlycerineSorbitolPolyethylene glycolMannitol Propylene glycol

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Sweeteners and Flavors

2% each Improve taste of toothpaste

Sweeteners: sodium saccharin, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitolFlavours: peppermint, spearmint, wintergreen, menthol, cinnamon

Surfactants 1%-2% Produce foam and aid in the removal of debris.

Sodium Lauryl SulfateSodium N-Lauryl Polyethylene glycol (PEG)

Fluoride actives Adults: 1000-1450ppmChildren:<1000ppm

Increases resistance to enamel solubility.

Sodium fluorideSodium monofluorophosphateStannous fluoride

Preservatives <1% Prevent the growth of micro organisms

Alcohols, sodium benzoate, dichlorinated phenols

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Different types of ToothpastesAnti-Caries / Cavity Protection toothpastes

Sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate

contain fluoride to stop tooth enamel decalcification and protect teeth from tooth decay and cavities

Eg. Colgate cavity protection

Plaque & Gingivitis Prevention toothpastes

Sodium Lauryl Sulphate, Triclosane, Zinc and Stannous ions.

antibacterial and prevent the formation of dental plaque.

Eg. Crest-pro-health clinical gum protection

Tooth Whitening toothpastes

Papain, Dimethicone

have either higher abrasion value than normal toothpastes to mechanically remove food, smoking and other stains from teeth.

Eg. Colgate Optical White and Colgate Pro-clinical White.

Sensitivity toothpastes

Potassium nitrate, strontium chloride, potassium citrate

contain de-sensitising agents to relief those with tooth sensitivity by closing the dentinal tubules.

Eg. Colgate sensitive, Sensodyne

Tartar Control toothpastes

Pyrophosphates reduce new tartar build-up (but they can't remove the existing tartar).

Eg. Colgate tartar protection with whitening

Fresh Breath toothpastes

Peppermint, spearmint, menthol

enhance flavoring agents along with antibacterials to fight halitosis

Eg. Colgate Max-fresh

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Some tips on how to choose a toothpaste

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Abrasiveness

68 Colgate regular

70 Colgate total

110 Colgate herbal

65 Colgate tartar control

200 Colgate 2 in 1 tartar and whitening

110 Amway glister

107 Crest sensitivity protection

79 Sensodyne

80 Close up

150 Pepsodent

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Some toxic components of a toothpaste

• Fluorides: in higher levels cause fluorosisAppear as tiny white streaks or specksSevere form- mottling of enamel, pitting

and cracking of teeth, black and brown stains.

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• Titanium dioxide: if inhaled can cause lung damage

• Sodium saccharin: FDA lists it as a possible carcinogen.

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Few cautions on toothpaste usage

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