Post on 15-Jul-2015
transcript
E X A M P L E :
How to Win Friends and Influence People
(BY: Dale Carnegie 1936)
QUESTIONS:
1) How do you influence people?
2) If something wrong was done on to you, how you are going to react on that person?
3) What do you think of the title “How to win friends and Influence people”?
4) What is/are your expectation/s on the selection?
1) What is the problem in the story?
2) Who is responsible for what happened? Why?
3) How did Mr. Bob Hoover reacted on the mechanic?
4) In what way do you think did Mr. Hoover influence the mechanic?
QUESTIONS:
Answer the following questions in ¼ sheet of paper tobe passed after 5mins.
It emphasizes reading for meaning instead of giving attention to each words, its letters and its sounds.
It engages the readers in meaning activities instead of concentrating on the enhancement of word-attack skills.
According to Frank Smith:
•Reading does not aim to translate
written language to spoken language;
•It does not aim to process each word
or letter; and
•It does not derive meaning from text.
According to Kenneth S.
Goodman
Focus the goal of reading which
is “constructing meaning
according to text.”
Top-down Processing
Reader generates meaning by employing background
knowledge, expectations, assumptions, and questions, and
reads to confirm these expectations.
Example
Pre-reading activities (i.e. activating schema, previewing, and predicting) + background knowledge (cultural, linguistic, syntactic,
and historical) = comprehension
Aebersold, J. & Field, M. L., (1997). From reader to reading teacher: Issues and strategies for second language
classrooms. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Step 1: Read the title. Predict what the text is going to be about.
Step 2: Ask questions:
- What is your purpose for reading this text?
- What type of text is this? (A newspaper article? A letter? A textbook? A poem?)
- What is a “Jabberwocky”?
Step 3: Activate background knowledge: What do you know about Lewis Carroll’s style of writing?
Top-down Strategies:
Application
“Jabberwocky”By Lewis Carroll
(from Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There,
1872)
Top-down Strategies:
Application
“Jabberwocky”By Lewis Carroll
(from Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There,
1872)
`Twas brillig, and the slithy toves
Did gyre and gimble in the wabe:
All mimsy were the borogoves,
And the mome raths outgrabe.
Top-down Strategies:
Application
ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONS..
EXTENSIVE READING PROCESS
How to read?
Read for general understanding
Focus on meaning, rather than on the language
Read rapidly
Compete only against yourself
No pressures of testing
E X A M P L E :
How to Win Friends and Influence People
(BY: Dale Carnegie 1936)
Nickname: Bob
Born: January 24, 1922 (age 93)Nashville, Tennessee
Allegiance: United States of America
Service/branch: United States Air Force
Years of service:1940–1948
Rank: First Lieutenant
Unit: 52nd Fighter Group Flight Evaluation
Group Battles/wars: World War IIKorean War
Awards:Distinguished Flying CrossSoldier's Medal for ValorAir Medal with ClustersPurple HeartCroix de guerre
Other work: Test and air show pilot